鼻咽癌淋巴结转移规律的MRI分析

目的：探讨鼻咽癌淋巴结转移的规律。方法：收集2005年10月至2006年8月经病理证实初诊的鼻咽癌204例,全部经鼻咽部和颈部MRI扫描,采用2003年RTOG推荐的颈部淋巴结的分区标准,分析鼻咽癌淋巴结的转移规律。结果：204例中185例（90.7%）伴淋巴结转移,其中4例（2.2%）仅有咽后淋巴结转移,48例（25.9%）仅有颈部淋巴结转移,133例（71.9%）为咽后及颈部淋巴结均有转移。在各区的分布是Ⅰa区0例,Ⅰb区12例（6.5%）,Ⅱa区77例（41.6%）,Ⅱb区179例（96.8%）,Ⅲ区67例（36.2%）,Ⅳ区21例（11.4%）,Ⅴ区59例（31.9%）,Ⅵ区0例,咽后区137例（74.1%）,耳前区2例（1.1%）。1例（0.5%）发生跳跃性转移。不同T分期淋巴结转移率差异无统计学意义,局部早期（T1～T2）和局部晚期（T3～T4）病变淋巴结转移分布之间差别无统计学意义。咽后淋巴结转移与T、N分期之间差别无统计学意义。结论：鼻咽癌淋巴结转移率高,以咽后淋巴结、颈上深组淋巴结最多见,跳跃性转移低。不同T分期淋巴结转移率无明显差别,淋巴结转移的分布与T分期无关。咽后淋巴结转移与T、N分期无关。     

779例鼻咽癌颈部淋巴结转移规律分析

背景与目的：鼻咽癌颈部淋巴结转移不仅影响临床分期及治疗计划,也是影响预后的主要因素之一。本研究旨在探讨鼻咽癌颈淋巴结转移的规律,为临床治疗及研究提供依据。方法：779例经病理证实的首诊鼻咽癌患者,治疗前均行MRI规范扫描,并根据影像学颈部淋巴结分区标准（RTOG2006版N＋为基础）确定淋巴结位置。MRI资料分析由放疗科与影像科医师共同完成。以卡方检验分析不同T分期各区淋巴结转移率的差别及淋巴结不同直径之间包膜受侵的差别,同时分析淋巴结在各区分布特点及跳跃性转移情况。结果：本组患者中有592例（76.0%）出现转移淋巴结,各区分布如下：Ⅰ区1例（0.2%）,Ⅱa区384例（64.9%）,Ⅱb区499例（84.3%）,Ⅲ区184例（31.1%）,Ⅳ区33例（5.6%）,Ⅴa区67例（11.3%）,Ⅴb区21例（3.5%）,咽后597例（76.6%）。本组各区最多转移淋巴结共1 479个,其中包膜外侵973个（65.79%）,包膜外侵比例随淋巴结直径增大而增大（P=0.000）。各区淋巴结转移和T分期之间无明显相关性,跳跃性转移率为1.0%。结论：鼻咽癌Ⅱ区和咽后淋巴结转移率最高,均为前哨淋巴结。Ⅰ区转移率极低。淋巴结包膜外侵比例与最大径正相关。淋巴结很少跳跃性转移,T分期和各区淋巴结转移之间无相关性。     

1067例伴区域淋巴结转移鼻咽癌的MRI分析

目的：探讨鼻咽癌区域淋巴结转移的MRI特点,为临床分期、治疗及研究提供依据。方法：收集1067例伴区域淋巴结转移且经病理证实的首诊鼻咽癌患者的MRI资料,分析转移性淋巴结的分布情况以及与T分期的关系。结果：本组患者转移性淋巴结各区分布如下：Ib区20例（1.9%）,IIa区604例（56.6%）,IIb区883例（82.8%）,III区330例（30.9%）,Ⅳ区78例（7.3%）,Va区162例（15.2%）,Vb区49例（4.6%）,咽后967例（90.6%）,跳跃性转移仅9例（0.84%）。淋巴结转移与T分期之间无明确相关性。结论：鼻咽癌区域淋巴结转移以咽后和II区最常见,均为首站淋巴结;I区转移率极低;跳跃性转移罕见。区域淋巴结转移与T分期无关。     

应用磁共振成像技术探讨鼻咽癌咽后淋巴结转移的规律

目的采用磁共振成像(MRI)技术,探讨鼻咽癌咽后淋巴结转移的发生率、分布和转移规律。方法回顾性分析294例经病理证实的初治鼻咽癌患者的磁共振(MR)资料,分析咽后淋巴结转移与鼻咽癌原发灶侵犯部位、颈部淋巴结转移和鼻咽癌分期的关系。结果有165例(56.1%)患者发现有咽后淋巴结转移。从C1到C3水平,外侧组咽后淋巴结转移率呈递减趋势。口咽、鼻腔、茎突前后间隙侵犯和颈部淋巴结转移患者的咽后淋巴结转移率较高。294例患者中,有219例(74.5%)出现咽后淋巴结和颈部淋巴结转移,其中31例(10.5%)仅出现咽后淋巴结转移,54例(18.4%)仅出现颈部淋巴结转移,134例(45.6%)同时出现咽后和颈部淋巴结转移。T1、N0及Ⅰ期的患者咽后淋巴结转移率较低。结论咽后淋巴结转移与鼻咽癌早期局部侵犯及上颈链、颈后三角的淋巴结转移密切相关。咽后淋巴结和Ⅱ区颈部淋巴结均为是鼻咽癌淋巴结转移的首站。     

鼻咽癌淋巴结转移的磁共振成像研究

目的探讨鼻咽癌淋巴结转移的影像学规律。方法搜集初治鼻咽鳞癌315例，全部行常规鼻咽部MRI平扫及增强检查，采用2003年RTOG推荐的头颈部肿瘤淋巴结转移的分区标准。结果315例中254例淋巴结转移，跳跃性淋巴结转移4例。254例转移淋巴结中，81例仅左侧转移，72例仅右侧转移，101例为双侧转移；73例仅咽后淋巴结转移，21例仅有颈淋巴结转移，160例为咽后及颈淋巴结均有转移。原发肿瘤单纯累及顶后壁的89例中，78％累及咽后淋巴结；单纯累及侧壁的43例中，49％累及咽后淋巴结（x^2=11．00，P〈0．01）。原发肿瘤T1、T2、T3、T4期的淋巴结转移率分别为73．5％、91．2％、71．9％、73．5％（x^2=1．81，P〉0．05）。局部早期（T1～T2期）和局部晚期（T3～T4期）病变淋巴结转移分布间差异无统计学意义。结论鼻咽癌淋巴结转移率高，以咽后淋巴结最多见，跳跃性转移率低。不同T分期淋巴结转移率无差别，鼻咽癌淋巴结转移的分布与T分期无关。     

EBV-DNA检测与鼻咽癌咽后淋巴结及颈部淋巴结转移的关系

[目的]探讨EB病毒与鼻咽癌淋巴结转移的关系。[方法]收集首诊鼻咽癌患者721例,按"中国鼻咽癌2008TNM分期"标准对咽后淋巴结及颈部淋巴结转移进行判断,分别计算咽后淋巴结阴阳性与颈部淋巴结阴阳性的病例数;使用PCR检测法对病例进行治疗前血浆EBV-DNA检测,以及记录每个病例EBV-DNA拷贝数。[结果]鼻咽癌患者咽后淋巴结转移者有较高的颈部淋巴结转移率,差异有统计学意义(P=0.013),Pearson关联系数,r=0.342,P=0.000,有统计学意义;双侧咽后淋巴结转移较单侧转移者有较高的颈部淋巴结转移率,差异有显著统计学意义(P=0.001);咽后淋巴结与颈部淋巴结均有转移者较其他病例组有较高的EBV-DNA拷贝数,差异有显著统计学意义(P=0.000)。[结论]鼻咽癌患者咽后淋巴结转移与颈淋巴结转移有正相关关系,咽后淋巴结与颈部淋巴结均有转移者有较高的EBV-DNA拷贝数。推测EBV-DNA检测可作为评估鼻咽癌淋巴结转移的分子生物学指标之一。     

512例鼻咽癌颈淋巴结转移规律的研究

背景与目的:合理定义鼻咽癌颈部靶区在临床上显得越来越重要,本研究旨在探讨鼻咽癌颈淋巴结转移的规律,以指导三维适形放射治疗颈部靶区的勾画.方法:收集2003年1月～2004年6月在中山大学肿瘤防治中心初治的鼻咽癌病例512例,所有病例均经病理证实、并行增强CT模拟扫描.淋巴结分区标准采用2003年RTOG推荐的颈部淋巴结分区标准.结果:512例病例中,328例(64.1%)诊断为有淋巴结转移.淋巴结阳性的病例中61.3%为单侧淋巴结转移,38.7%为双侧淋巴结转移.咽后淋巴结的发生率为64.1%,其中单侧占50.9%,双侧占49.1%.淋巴结阳性的病例中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ和咽后区的转移率分别为3.0%、97.9%、46.0%、9.5%、13.7%、0%和74.4%.跳跃性转移率仅为4.6%～6.5%.25.3%的N1-3病例出现了推荐标准以外区域的侵犯.结论:鼻咽癌的颈部淋巴结转移是由上而下循序性的;跳跃性转移发生率低;咽后淋巴结为鼻咽癌转移的首站淋巴结.咽后、Ⅱ区和Ⅲ区最容易受累及;Ⅰa和Ⅵ区从未受累.有部分阳性淋巴结超出了RTOG推荐用于N0的颈部CTV范围.以上结果有助于鼻咽癌的三维适形放疗和调强放疗颈部靶区的勾画.     

218例鼻咽癌颈淋巴结转移规律的影像学分析

背景与目的：鼻咽癌调强放射治疗要求在cT图像上准确划分需要照射的淋巴结和相应的亚临床靶区,前提就是总结出鼻咽癌淋巴结转移的影像学分布规律。本研究的目的是分析鼻咽癌颈淋巴结转移的影像学规律。方法：2003年7月至2003年11月,259例鼻咽癌患者在我院接受了放射治疗。所有患者治疗前接受横断面CT增强扫描,扫描范围是颅底至锁骨。由放射诊断医生和肿瘤放射治疗医生共同阅片,根据美国肿瘤放射治疗协会(RTOG)建议的分区准则,总结淋巴结在RTOG各区的分布,并运用χ^2检验分析T分期和淋巴结转移之间的关系;进一步以舌骨和环状软骨下缘为界把颈部分成三个区组,分析淋巴结跳跃性转移的情况。结果：本组中218例(84．2％)发现有淋巴结转移,在各区的分布是Ⅰa 0例,Ⅰb 6例(2．8％),Ⅱa115例(52．8％),Ⅱb 192例(88．1％),Ⅲ78例(35．8％),Ⅳ20例(9．2％),Ⅴ65例(29．9％),Ⅵ10例,咽后157例(72．0％),耳前2例(0．9％)。各区淋巴结转移比例和T分期之间没有明显相关性～5例(2．3％)发生跳跃性转移。结论：鼻咽癌淋巴结转移率高,Ⅱa、Ⅱb区和咽后最容易发生转移。淋巴结转移基本遵循由上到下,从近到远发展的规律,很少发生跳跃性转移,T分期和各区淋巴结的转移比例之间没有明显相关性。     

下咽癌颈部及咽后淋巴结转移的CT/MRI分析

背景与目的:下咽癌早期即可出现区域淋巴结转移,然而关于下咽癌区域淋巴结尤其是咽后淋巴结转移的报道少见。本研究旨在通过对下咽癌CT/MRI扫描结果的分析,探讨下咽癌区域淋巴结特别是咽后淋巴结转移的特性,为临床治疗提供参考。方法:回顾性分析2000年8月至2009年3月我院病理证实的88例下咽癌区域淋巴结转移的CT/MRI结果。对其局部分期、各区域淋巴结转移的相互关系采用χ2检验和Logistic多因素分析研究。结果:下咽癌的区域淋巴结转移率为73.9%,Ⅱa、Ⅱb、Ⅲ区淋巴结转移发生率最高,分别为61.4%、44.3%及37.5%。Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ区及咽后淋巴结转移都较少,并且均合并Ⅱ、Ⅲ区淋巴结转移。单因素分析显示Ⅰb、Ⅲ区淋巴结转移与Ⅳ区淋巴结转移,Ⅱb区、双侧颈部淋巴结转移与咽后淋巴结转移的关系有统计学意义。多因素分析结果显示Ⅳ区淋巴结转移与Ⅵ区淋巴结转移,双侧颈部淋巴结转移与咽后淋巴结转移的关系有统计学意义。结论:下咽癌区域淋巴结转移途径遵循一定的规律,跳跃性转移少见,以Ⅱ、Ⅲ区转移最常见。双侧颈部淋巴结可能是咽后淋巴结转移的危险因素。     

333例鼻咽癌咽后淋巴结转移特点的MRI分析

目的了解鼻咽癌咽后淋巴结的发生率及特征,探讨其与受累部位、颈部淋巴结转移的关系。方法回顾性分析333例经病理证实、无远处转移的初诊鼻咽癌患者MRI资料。根据2008临床分期标准进行分期。采用率的比较分析咽后淋巴结转移与临床分期、肿瘤侵犯部位及颈部淋巴结转移的关系。结果（1）咽后淋巴结阳性率为66.3%,其中单侧41.4%,双侧24.9%;不同T、N分期（T1、T2、T3、T4;N1b、N2、N3）的咽后淋巴结转移率均不同,其中T1期均低于T2、T3以及T4期（P＜0.05）,N1b期均较N2、N3期低（P＜0.05）;（2）茎突前间隙、颈动脉鞘区、口咽、椎前肌、翼内肌等结构侵犯者的咽后淋巴结转移发生率均明显高于其未侵犯者（P＜0.05）;（3）全组病例颈淋巴结转移率为82.0%,其中咽后淋巴结阳性者高于阴性者（87.8% vs.70.5%,P＜0.05）;双侧咽后淋巴结转移者高于单侧转移者（94.0% vs. 84.1%,P＜0.05）;（4）咽后淋巴结最大直径≤20 mm与最大直径＞20 mm患者的颈淋巴结各区转移率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论（1）鼻咽癌咽后淋巴结转移率高与茎突前间隙、颈动脉鞘区、椎前肌、翼内肌及口咽侵犯相关;（2）鼻咽癌咽后淋巴结转移影响颈淋巴结的转移;（3）咽后淋巴结的直径大小与颈淋巴结各区转移无相关性。     

Lymphoscintigraphic drainage of acral limb skin to interval sentinel lymph nodes in healthy subjects

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In the literature, drainage to epitrochlear and popliteal sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) are analyzed for whole or distal extremity (below elbow or knee) melanomas that are not topographically homogeneous with respect to tendency of drainage to interval SLNs. We hypothesize that acral (hand and foot) skin has a uniform frequency of drainage to interval SLNs, which is higher than reported for distal extremity melanomas. METHODS: One hundred healthy subjects were enrolled. Fifty subjects had standard four extremity lymphoscintigraphies by radiocolloid injection into an interdigital web space as in lymphodynamic studies. On another 50 subjects, either targeted upper (n = 25) or lower (n = 25) extremity lymphoscintigraphies were performed utilizing injection sites that likely drain to interval SLNs. Acral skin drainage to interval SLNs was analyzed for interindividual variability and injection site dependence. RESULTS: There was considerable interindividual variability in drainage of each injection site to interval SLNs. Hand skin had a uniform 50% frequency of drainage to epitrochlear-midhumeral SLNs with both injection sites. This frequency was higher than the epitroclear SLN frequencies reported for distal extremity melanomas. Foot skin had 10% and 90% frequencies of drainage to popliteal SLNs from standard and targeted injection sites, respectively. Foot skin largely simulates the tendency of drainage reported for distal extremity melanomas while lateral heel represents a limited zone that almost uniformly drains to popliteal SLNs. CONCLUSIONS: Despite dissimilarities between hand and foot, acral skin drainage to interval SLNs is high enough to obligate a thorough interval SLN exploration in acral primaries.     

Management of primary cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck: The University of Colorado experience and a review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: While elective lymph node dissection (ELND), adjuvant radiation therapy and sentinel lymph node biopsy have all been advocated in the routine management of primary cutaneous melanoma arising in the head and neck, the optimal management has not been defined. METHODS: We have reviewed our experience of 273 patients with primary melanoma of the head and neck entered into a prospective database at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center (UCHSC) from 1978 through 1998 and contrasted this with other reports in the literature. RESULTS: A total of 168 patients were identified that received their initial management at UCHSC and had no clinical evidence of distant disease. Only nine patients (5%) underwent ELND, and no patients received adjuvant radiation therapy. The local recurrence rate and 5-year melanoma specific survival, according to Breslow thickness, were similar to centers where adjuvant radiation therapy or ELND are routinely performed. Our preliminary experience and a review of the literature suggests that the technique of sentinel lymph node biopsy is an accurate and low risk procedure that provides valuable prognostic information useful in the further management of these patients. CONCLUSIONS: There is no clear indication that either ELND or adjuvant radiation therapy impacts on the outcome of patients with primary melanoma of the head and neck. Sentinel lymph node biopsy, in appropriate cases, is becoming the standard of care.     

直肠癌侧方淋巴结转移及其清除的意义

目的：总结直肠癌病人侧方淋巴结转移率。方法：分析我院543例进展期直肠癌施行扩大根治术的结果。结果；直肠癌侧方转移率为9．6％，主要发生于腹膜退折以下的癌，多见于分化较差的低分化腺癌及粘液腺癌。结论：对于腹膜返折以下的进展期直肠癌必须进行侧方清除，尤其分化差者．可以提高生存率。     

Prognostic significance of number versus location of positive mesenteric nodes in stage iii colon cancer

IntroductionDebate persists on the ideal extent of lymphadenectomy for colon cancer (CC). Specifically, it is unknown whether the anatomical location of positive lymph nodes (LN) has any independent prognostic significance. We assessed the prognostic value of positive LN location in stage III CC patients who underwent extensive (D3) lymphadenectomy.MethodsPatients from Kanagawa Cancer Center, Japan, who underwent D3 dissection for CC from 2000 to 16 were analyzed. Mesenteric LN were classified according to location as paracolic (L1), intermediate (L2), or central (L3). Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and the corresponding hazard function were evaluated with their trends over the L groups. Multivariate Cox models were used to evaluate the association of LN location with RFS.ResultsFour hundred forty-six stage III patients were analyzed. The mean number of examined/positive nodes per patient was 42.5/2.6 in L1 (n = 310), 40.9/4.8 in L2 (n = 111), and 44.0/9.8 in L3 (n = 25). RFS was worse for L3 vs. L2 (HR: 2.00, 95%CI [1.05–3.75], p = 0.034) and for L3 vs. L1 (2.62 [1.45–4.71], p = 0.001), but not significantly different between L2 and L1 (1.32 [0.89–1.5], p = 0.17). In a multivariate model adjusting for age, tumor size, and number of lymph nodes harvested T-stage (p < 0.001), adjuvant therapy (p < 0.0038), lymphatic invasion (p = 0.023), and LNR (p = 0.038) were significantly associated with RFS, but not L level or tumor location.ConclusionThe anatomical location of invaded LN does not significantly correlate with RFS in CC, after adjusting for potential confounders. Central LN are infrequently invaded and confer a worse RFS.     

The management of clinically suspicious para-aortic lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer: A systematic review

Approximately 1%–2% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) develop para-aortic lymph node (PALN) metastases, which are typically considered markers of systemic disease, and are associated with a poor prognosis. The utility of PALN dissection (PALND) in patients with CRC is of ongoing debate and only small-scale retrospective studies have been published on this topic to date. This systematic review aimed to determine the utility of resecting PALN metastases with the primary outcome measure being the difference in survival outcomes following either surgical resection or non-resection of these metastases. A comprehensive systematic search was undertaken to identify all English-language papers on PALND in the PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar databases. The search results identified a total of 12 eligible studies for analysis. All studies were either retrospective cohort studies or case series. In this systematic review, PALND was found to be associated with a survival benefit when compared to non-resection. Metachronous PALND was found to be associated with better overall survival as compared to synchronous PALND, and the number of PALN metastases (2 or fewer) and a pre-operative carcinoembryonic antigen level of <5 was found to be associated with a better prognosis. No PALND-specific complications were identified in this review. A large-scale prospective study needs to be conducted to definitively determine the utility of PALND. For the present, PALND should be considered within a multidisciplinary approach for patients with CRC, in conjunction with already established treatment regimens.     

Assessment of a new scoring system for predicting non-sentinel node positivity in sentinel node-positive melanoma patients

Background

When completion lymph node dissection (CLND) is performed in sentinel node (SN)-positive melanoma patients, a positive non-sentinel node (NSN) is found in approximately 20% of them. Recently, Murali et al. proposed a new scoring system (non-sentinel node risk score, N-SNORE) to predict the risk of NSN positivity in SN-positive patients. The objectives of the current study were to identify factors predicting NSN positivity and to assess the validity of the N-SNORE in an independent patient cohort.

Methods

All SN-positive patients who underwent CLND at a single institution between 1995 and 2010 were analyzed. Characteristics of the patient, primary melanoma, and SN(s) were tested for association with NSN positivity. Missing values were reconstructed using multiple imputation to enable multivariable analysis.

Results

CLND revealed positive NSNs in 30 (23%) of 130 SN-positive patients. Primary melanoma regression (p = 0.03) was independently associated with NSN positivity. After adjustment because of missing data on perinodal lymphatic invasion, N-SNORE proved to be a significant stratification model in our patient cohort (p = 0.003): 5.9% NSN positivity in the very low risk category and 75.0% NSN positivity in the very high risk category.

Conclusions

Presence of regression in the primary melanoma was independently associated with a higher risk of NSN positivity. The slightly modified N-SNORE scoring system provided useful stratification of the risk for NSN positivity. However, lack of perinodal lymphatic invasion data may have reduced its predictive value.     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检的临床探讨

目的:评估乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检(Senital lymph node biopsy SLNB)对预测腋窝淋巴结转移状态的价值及其临床意义.方法:临床Ⅰ、Ⅱ期原发女性乳腺癌41例,体检无腋淋巴结肿大或虽有肿大而估计非转移性.术中在原发肿瘤周围注射亚甲蓝示踪定位,行SLNB和腋淋巴结清扫(Axillary lymph node dissection ALND).术后对全部前哨淋巴结(SLN)和腋淋巴结(ALN)行常规病理检查.结果:41例中检出SLN者32例,检出率为78.0%.其中N0组25例准确度为96.0%:阳性预测符合率100%;假阴性0例,阴性预测符合率100%.N1组7例准确度仅57.1%,假阴性2例,阴性预测符合率0.结论:应用亚甲蓝示踪定位SLNB,能准确预测(T1、T2)N0M0乳腺癌患者的转移状态,宜于推广应用.     

Added value of the presence of blue nodes or hot nodes in sentinel lymph node biopsy of breast cancer

BACKGROUND: Combined use of blue dye and radiocolloid is considered to be useful for sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy of breast cancer. Whether both techniques together is superior to either alone was analyzed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A consecutive series of 308 cases of breast cancer who underwent SLN biopsy using the combination technique was used. The frequency of a blue node or hot node was analyzed in all cases and only node-positive cases. Furthermore, the frequency of a blue node and hot node together, or either alone, and the highest radiocount of the SLNs in each case were examined for correlation with 8 clinicopathologic features. Three types of SLN containing both blue dye and radioactivity (blue-hot node), blue dye alone (blue-only node) and radioactivity alone (hot-only node), and the SLN radiocounts were analyzed for correlation with metastatic tumor. RESULTS: Of 308 cases, a blue node was present in 298 (97%), a hot node in 295 (96%), and either a blue or hot node in 306 (99%). The presence of a blue node or hot node was similarly affected by previous surgical biopsy and body mass index (BMI), and the presence of a hot node was also affected by age and tumor location. However, the presence of either a blue node or hot node was not affected by any of these characteristics. Of 77 node-positive cases, 8 (10%), 15 (19%) and 6 (8%) were considered to be node-negative based on blue node, hot node and either blue node or hot node positivity, respectively. The frequency of positivity for SLN metastasis decreased in order from blue-hot, blue-only to hot-only nodes. Of 62 cases with metastatic hot nodes, six (10%) were negative when the hottest node was examined, but the second-hottest node was positive. CONCLUSIONS: The added value of the presence of blue node or hot node was confirmed in the SLN biopsy using the combination technique, which suggests that all blue nodes and hot nodes need to be harvested.     

高频超声下不同类型颈部肿大淋巴结分区规律研究

目的 探讨高频超声下转移性淋巴结及其他常见颈部淋巴结疾病在颈淋巴结解剖分区中的分布规律。方法 回顾性分析2016年9月—2017年9月共547例颈部肿大淋巴结资料,根据病理结果分为非特异性淋巴结炎、淋巴结结核、淋巴瘤、转移性淋巴结四类,记录淋巴结常规超声参数及其在颈部淋巴结解剖分区中的分布。结果 不同颈部淋巴结疾病在颈部淋巴结解剖分区中的分布状态不同。头颈部肿瘤的颈部淋巴结转移多分布于Ⅱ(62.00%)、Ⅲ(54.00%)及Ⅳ区(53.00%),锁骨下原发肿瘤的颈部淋巴结转移主要分布于Ⅴ(72.56%)、Ⅳ区(34.15%)。对特定肿瘤而言,还存在淋巴结转移的高危区域。结论 超声检查可显示淋巴结疾病在颈部解剖分区中的分布情况。术前明确淋巴结疾病在解剖分区中的分布规律,可为临床的诊疗、手术术式及清扫范围提供更精确的依据。     

Meta‐analysis of sentinel lymph node positivity in thin melanoma (≤1 mm)

BACKGROUND:

Despite the lack of an established survival benefit of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy, this technique has been increasingly applied in the staging of thin (≤1 mm) melanoma patients, without clear evidence to support this recommendation. The authors performed a meta‐analysis to estimate the risk, potential predictors, and outcome of SLN positivity in this group of patients.

METHODS:

MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for rates of SLN positivity in patients with thin melanoma. The methodologic quality of included studies was assessed using the Methodological Index for Non‐Randomized Studies criteria. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran Q statistic, and publication bias was examined through funnel plot and the Begg and Mazumdar method. Overall SLN positivity in thin melanoma patients was estimated using the DerSimonial‐Laird random effect method.

RESULTS:

Thirty‐four studies comprising 3651 patients met inclusion criteria. The pooled SLN positivity rate was 5.6%. Significant heterogeneity among studies was detected (P = .005). There was no statistical evidence of publication bias (P = .21). Eighteen studies reported select clinical and histopathologic data limited to SLN‐positive patients (n = 113). Among the tumors from these patients, 6.1% were ulcerated, 31.5% demonstrated regression, and 47.5% were Clark level IV/V. Only 4 melanoma‐related deaths were reported.

CONCLUSIONS:

Relatively few patients with thin melanoma have a positive SLN. To the authors' knowledge, there are no clinical or histopathologic criteria that can reliably identify thin melanoma patients who might benefit from this intervention. Given the increasing diagnosis of thin melanoma, in addition to the cost and potential morbidity of this procedure, alternative strategies to identify patients at risk for lymph node disease are needed. Cancer 2009. © 2008 American Cancer Society.