鱼油脂肪乳对严重创伤病人血清炎性递质水平调节作用和预后的影响

目的:探讨鱼油脂肪乳对严重创伤病人血清炎性递质水平调节作用和预后的影响。方法:选择严重创伤病人(ISS评分16分)40例,随机分为两组,A组为对照组,B组加用鱼油脂肪乳0.2 g/(kg·d)。两组病人均接受等氮、等热量的全胃肠外营养(TPN),并于治疗前和治疗后第3、5和7天分别检测两组病人的血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1(IL-1)和IL-6的水平。统计两组病人多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)的发生率和28 d病死率。结果:B组病人治疗后不同时间点血清CRP、TNF-α、IL-1和IL-6均明显降低,与A组比差异有显著性统计学意义(P0.05)。B组MODS发生率明显下降(P0.05),28 d病死率有所降低,但无显著性差异。结论:鱼油脂肪乳可调节严重创伤病人炎性递质的释放,降低严重创伤病人血清CRP、TNF-α、IL-1和IL-6水平,能减少严重创伤病人MODS的发生率。     

鱼油对急性肺损伤病人早期炎性反应和呼吸功能的影响

目的:观察鱼油对急性肺损伤(ALI)病人早期血清炎性介质释放和呼吸功能的影响.方法:将60例AU病人随机分为研究组和对照组,每组30例.两组病人在接受ALI常规治疗的同时,均接受等热量、等氮的营养支持,提供的总热量为104.6 kJ(25 kcal)/(kg·d),氮为0.3 g/(kg·d).其中EN部分依据病人肠道...     

鱼油脂肪乳在肝胆管恶性肿瘤术后病人肠外营养中的价值

目的: 研究添加鱼油脂肪乳对肝胆管恶性肿瘤术后病人肝功能恢复和营养状况的评价. 方法: 肝胆管恶性肿瘤切除术后病人32例,随机分为对照组和研究组,两组病人均接受等氮、等热量PN支持,研究组加用鱼油脂肪乳.比较手术前后两组病人血清蛋白质、血糖、胆红素、转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶水平和感染并发症的发生率. 结果: 经术后连续7 d的治疗,研究组病人血清蛋白质和胆红素水平明显改善,与对照组比有显著性差异(P<0.05),感染并发症亦明显少于对照组. 结论: 肝胆管恶性肿瘤术后病人应用鱼油脂肪乳,有利于营养状况和肝功能的恢复.     

谷氨酰胺对多器官功能障碍综合征病人血浆内毒素水平的影响

目的:探讨添加谷氨酰胺 (Gln) 的全肠外营养(TPN)对多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)病人血浆内毒素 (LPS) 水平的影响.方法:将入住我院ICU的MODS病人40例,随机分为常规TPN组(A组)和Gln TPN治疗组(B组),每组20例.两组病人均接受等氮、等热量的肠外营养治疗.A组按常规给予TPN,B组在给予TPN基础上加用Gln 0.27 g/(kg·d),相当于L-丙氨酰-Ⅰ-谷氨酰胺(商品名:力肽)0.4 g/(kg·d),共7 d.所有病人均于TPN治疗前及治疗后第1、3、7天检测血浆Gln和LPS浓度,观察TPN治疗时间和病死率.选取20例健康献血员作对照组(C组). 结果:A、B两组TPN治疗前血浆Gln浓度均显著低于C组(P＜0.01),治疗后A组显著低于B组(P＜0.01).A、B两组TPN治疗前血浆内毒素浓度显著高于C组(P＜0.01),治疗后 B组显著低于A组(P＜0.01).TPN治疗时间A组为( 15.8±2.3 ) d,B组为(12.5±2.4) d,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05).病死率A组为25%,B组为10%(P＞0.05). 结论:经静脉补充Gln(力肽),显著降低MODS病人血浆LPS浓度,有利于缩短TPN治疗时间.     

围手术期谷氨酰胺强化全肠外营养对胃肠道肿瘤病人营养状况的影响

目的:研究围手术期谷氨酰胺强化的全肠外营养(TPN)对接受术前化疗的胃肠道肿瘤病人营养状况的影响. 方法:将60例胃肠道肿瘤病人随机分为TPN组、谷氨酰胺强化TPN (Gln-TPN)组和对照组,每组20例病人.对照组给予常规术前准备和术后治疗,TPN组和Gln-TPN组分别给予术前5 d和术后5 d营养支持.两组给予等氮0.20 g/(kg·d)和等热量104.6 kJ/(kg·d),同时接受为期5 d的术前化疗.Gln-TPN组中25%～35%的氮源由谷氨酰胺双肽提供,其余的氮源及TPN组的氮源由乐凡命提供.检测术前、术后病人的体重、肱三头肌皮皱厚度、上臂肌围、血浆清蛋白、前清蛋白、转铁蛋白、血浆和肌肉中谷氨酰胺浓度、氮平衡等营养指标.结果:研究期间三组病人无严重并发症发生.三组病人术后体重、肱三头肌皮皱厚度、上臂肌围,血浆前清蛋白、转铁蛋白浓度、氮平衡,均较术前明显下降,术后三组间比较差异无显著性意义.对照组体重丢失最为严重,术后第6 d Gln-TPN组肌肉中及血浆谷氨酰胺浓度明显高于其他两组.结论:谷氨酰胺强化的TPN可提高血浆和肌肉中谷氨酰胺浓度,减少肌肉分解、脂肪消耗,促进机体蛋白质的合成,有益于减轻手术和化疗造成的高分解状态.     

鱼油脂肪乳对恶性肿瘤术后重症病人的免疫调节作用

目的:研究鱼油脂肪乳对恶性肿瘤病人术后免疫调节作用。方法:将43例恶性肿瘤切除术后病人随机分为对照组和研究组,两组均给予PN治疗[104.6 kJ(25 kcal)/(kg.d)],研究组加用鱼油脂肪乳。比较两组病人免疫功能、血清ALB水平、黄疸指数、转氨酶、血脂、感染性并发症的患病率和入住ICU的时间。结果:经术后5 d治疗,研究组病人的免疫功能明显改善,感染性并发症的患病率明显减低。两组病人的血清ALB、血脂、黄疸指数和转氨酶等均无显著性差异。结论:鱼油脂肪乳能调节恶性肿瘤术后重症病人的免疫功能,减少感染性并发症的发生率。     

含橄榄油的新型脂肪乳剂对危重症病人免疫功能和炎性反应的影响

目的:通过对危重症病人分别应用含有橄榄油的新型脂肪乳与传统的中/长链脂肪乳,比较两种脂肪乳剂对病人免疫功能和炎性反应的影响. 方法:将50例入住ICU行肠外营养(PN)支持7d以上的危重症病人(APACHEⅡ评分＞12分),按前瞻、随机、对照原则分为研究组和对照组,两组病人按等氮、等热量进行全胃肠外营养(TPN)支持.于TPN前1d和TPN后第7天检测血清蛋白质、免疫和炎症指标. 结果:①TPN后两组病人的血清前清蛋白、视黄醇结合蛋白、转铁蛋白明显增加,与TPN前比有显著性差异(P＜0.05).②TPN后两组病人的C-反应蛋白下降,血总淋巴细胞计数、T淋巴细胞亚群中的T辅助性淋巴细胞(CD4)、T辅助性淋巴细胞/抑制性淋巴细胞(CD4/CD8)比值升高,研究组与对照组比有显著性差异(P＜0.05). 结论:含橄榄油的新型脂肪乳剂能提高危重症病人的免疫功能和降低炎性反应.     

鱼油对重症急性胰腺炎病人免疫功能和临床预后的影响

目的: 观察添加鱼油的肠外营养(PN)对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)病人免疫功能和临床预后的影响. 方法: 将56例SAP病人随机分为研究组和对照组,每组28例.使用等氮、等热量PN共5 d,其中非蛋白质热量为112.9 kJ/(kg·d)、氮量为0.2 g/(kg·d).对照组病人用中长链脂肪乳剂,研究组病人用鱼油+中长链脂肪乳剂.分别在试验开始前和试验第6天早晨,抽取静脉血检测人类主要组织相容性抗原DR(HLA-DR)、白细胞分化抗原、CD4/CD8比值和IL-10水平等,同时记录感染发生率和手术比率. 结果: 添加鱼油的PN能明显增加SAP病人IL-10水平,改善HLA-DR表达.研究组病人感染发生率和手术比率均有下降. 结论: 添加鱼油的PN能明显改善SAP病人的免疫功能,降低感染和手术风险.     

肝移植术后病人应用鱼油脂肪乳的临床研究

目的:探讨鱼油脂肪乳在肝移植术后的临床应用及其对预后的影响. 方法:将36例肝移植术后病人随机分为鱼油组和对照组,每组18例.术后第2天开始给予等氮等热量的营养支持,共6d,其中鱼油组ω-6/ω-3比值为2∶1,对照组为7∶1.病人分别于术前、术后第2、5、8天抽血检测肝肾功能、血清清蛋白(ALB)、前清蛋白(PA)、...     

围手术期谷氨酰胺强化全肠外营养对胃肠道肿瘤病人免疫功能的影响

目的:研究围手术期谷氨酰胺强化的全肠外营养(TPN)对接受术前化疗的胃肠道肿瘤病人免疫功能的影响.方法:将60例胃肠道肿瘤病人随机分为TPN组、谷氨酰胺强化TPN(Gln-TPN)组和对照组,每组20例病人.对照组给予常规术前准备和术后治疗,TPN组和Gln-TPN组分别给予术前5 d和术后5 d营养支持,两组给予等氮0.20g/(kg·d)和等热量104.6 kJ/(kg·d),同时接受为期5 d的术前化疗.Gln-TPN组中25%～35%的氮源由谷氨酰胺双肽提供,其余的氮源及TPN组的氮源由乐凡命提供.检测术前、术后病人的外周血淋巴细胞总数、T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3 、CD4 、CD8 )及NK细胞数量等免疫指标及前列腺素E2、C反应蛋白(CRP)浓度等炎性反应指标.结果:研究期间三组病人无严重并发症发生.三组病人术后CD3 细胞和CD8 细胞百分比均较术前明显下降,术后水平三组间比较差异无显著性意义.Gln-TPN组CD4 和NK细胞数量及CD4 /CD8 明显高于其他两组,术后Gln-TPN组淋巴细胞总数高于TPN组,而前列腺素E2和C反应蛋白浓度则低于TPN组.结论:谷氨酰胺强化的TPN可降低血浆中前列腺素E2和CRP浓度,促进淋巴细胞增生,调节机体的炎性反应,增强机体的细胞免疫功能.     

长春新碱过量引起严重毒副反应1例的护理体会

报道1例霍奇金淋巴瘤患者因误用长春新碱（VCR）10mg一次性静脉推注后治疗护理情况。其出现间断性神志恍惚、眼睑闭合不全、言语不清、口腔黏膜糜烂、全身疼痛、麻痹性肠梗阻、尿潴留、手足麻木等症状,经积极解救,禁食,持续胃肠减压、胃管内注入麻油、开塞露、生理盐水灌肠,合理应用肠外营养,注重疼痛、心理护理,做好口腔、肛周护理,预防感染加重,患者病情得到控制好转出院。     

Correlates of stages of change of smoking among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods

BACKGROUND: This study examines the prevalence and correlates of stages of change of smoking, in terms of psychosocial, structural and sociodemographic factors, among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were obtained from a survey on health related behaviour. Subjects were 2009 current and former smokers, aged 20-46, living in deprived neighbourhoods in Rotterdam, the second largest city in the Netherlands. Three groups of smokers were formed according to the stages of change-definitions of the Transtheoretical Model: smokers not planning to quit (precontemplators), smokers planning to quit (contemplators/preparators) and former smokers (actors/maintainers). Smokers planning to quit and smokers not planning to quit were compared regarding psychosocial factors (attitude, social norm, self-efficacy), structural factors (neighbourhood problems, material deprivation, financial problems, employment status) and sociodemographic factors (age, gender, marital status, cultural background, educational level). Former smokers were compared with smokers planning to quit regarding structural and sociodemographic factors. Logistic regression was used to assess correlates of stages of change. RESULTS: Smokers planning to quit (prevalence = 19%) reported a more positive attitude, stronger social norms and higher self-efficacy expectations in quitting smoking than smokers not planning to quit (prevalence = 57%). Smokers planning to quit less often were Dutch-born, more often had attended higher vocational schooling or university and more often reported experiencing two or more neighbourhood problems compared to smokers not planning to quit. Former smokers (prevalence = 24%) were older, more often Dutch-born, married, employed and higher educated, compared to smokers planning to quit. Furthermore, former smokers less often reported material deprivation and financial problems than smokers planning to quit. CONCLUSION: Among people living in deprived neighbourhoods, different factors correlate with different stages of change of smoking. Implications for health promotion are discussed.     

Choice of measures of vaccination and estimates of risk of pediatric pertussis

BackgroundVaccination uptake at the individual level can be assessed in a variety of ways, including traditional measures of being up-to-date (UTD), measures of UTD that consider dose timing, like age-appropriate vaccination, and risk reduction from individual doses. This analysis compared methods of operationalizing vaccination uptake and corresponding risk of pertussis infection.MethodsCity-wide case-control study of children in Philadelphia aged 3 months through 6 years, between 2001 and 2013. Multiple logistic regression was used to isolate the independent effects of each measure of vaccination uptake and the corresponding relative odds of pertussis.ResultsBeing UTD on vaccinations was associated with a 52% reduction in risk of pertussis (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.69). Evaluation of delayed receipt of vaccine versus on-time UTD yielded similar results. There was a decrease in risk of pertussis for each additional dose received with the greatest reduction in pertussis infection observed from the first (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.83) and second dose (OR 0.17, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.34). Additional doses conferred minimal additional protection in this age group.ConclusionExamining vaccination status by individual doses may offer improved predictive capacity for identifying children at risk for pertussis infection compared to the traditional UTD measure.     

上海市某医院骨科平均住院日影响因素分析

对上海市某医院2003年-2007年骨科出院病人的住院日描述性分析．2003年-2007年骨科的床位利用指数与平均住院日相关性分析．2003年-2007年骨科床位与医护比例分析．2007年骨科前10大病种平均住院目影响因素分别进行单因素相关性分析和多因素逐步回归分析（STATA软件）。通过对骨科10大病种住院日影响因素分析,术前等待天数、手术类型、是否输血分别对10个、9个和8个病种的住院目有影响。输血因素和手术类型是医院不可控、由病人的病情决定的,术前等待天数是管理因素,是最值得医院重视的影响因素。     

两种不同肌瘤剔除术治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效比较

目的:比较腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与腹式子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析63例腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与61例腹式子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床资料,比较2种手术方式的手术时间、术中出血量、肛门排气时间、使用抗生素时间、术后感染率、体温恢复正常时间、住院时间等情况。结果:两组患者接受子宫肌瘤剔除术顺利完成,腹腔镜组手术时间长于开腹组(P0.05),腹腔镜组术中出血量及剔除肌瘤个数均少于开腹组(P0.05),术后腹腔镜组体温恢复正常时间、肛门排气时间、抗生素使用及住院时间均短于开腹组,两组患者最多随访6个月,腹腔镜组平均康复时间较开腹组短(P0.05),两组随访B超均未发现明显肌瘤结节。结论:腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术损伤小,恢复快,住院时间短,是值得推广的微创手术。     

尘肺病患者145例死因调查

目的分析汉中市尘肺病的发生、发展和死亡原因，以提高尘肺病患者的生存质量。方法对145例尘肺病患者的死因进行回顾性分析，计算其平均发病年龄、死亡年龄及患尘肺病后的存活年限。结果矽肺的平均发病年龄和死亡年龄均早于煤工尘肺和石棉肺，尘肺病的主要死因为患肺部疾患，患尘肺病后的平均存活年限为12a。结论加强职业健康体检工作，对尘肺病人做到早发现早治疗和预防并发症的发生。     

性发育异常发病机制的研究进展

正常的性腺分化可分为3个过程：原始性腺形成、性别决定和卵巢/睾丸发育。在任一环节中,基因表达或调控发生异常均有可能导致性发育异常疾病的发生。性发育异常是指染色体、性腺和解剖性别不典型。随着分子生物学技术的发展,不断地发现新的基因或信号通路参与性腺分化和发育,如SRY、SF1、WT1、Sox9等基因与睾丸发育密切相关,Wnt/Rspo1/B连环蛋白通路、Dax1、Foxl2等基因在卵巢分化中发挥着重要作用,一些非编码RNA和转化生长因子也有重要的调节功能,且睾丸和卵巢发育均为主动过程,即使在出生后因某些基因的改变两者间也可出现横向分化。这些为揭示性分化异常的发病机制提供了可能。     

西林瓶装注射用水的装量检查分析

为了检查西林瓶装注射用水的实际分装量是否符合2005年版《药典》三部要求,按照2005年版《药典》三部中“生物制品分装和冻干规程”,分装规格为0．8ml的西林瓶装注射用水10000瓶,随机在分装过程的前、中、后阶段共抽取100瓶,轧盖、目检。分别用1ml标定注射器及1ml普通无菌注射器抽取每瓶注射用水的实际体积,以t检验法对实际抽取量与标示量的差值进行统计学分析,结果显示其与2005年版《药典》三部要求分装附加量为0．1ml相比有显著性差异（P〈0．001）。     

One-year stability of the Measure of Processes of Care

BACKGROUND: The Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC) is a 56-item self-administered measure designed to examine what parents of a child with a chronic health problem think of the services they and their child receive, and to measure the extent to which these services are family-centred. Reliability and validity of the MPOC were established in prior studies. The aim of the present study was to assess the 1-year stability of the MPOC to justify its use as an evaluative tool. METHODS: Nine paediatric rehabilitation centres in the Netherlands participated in this short longitudinal survey study. Subjects were 205 parents (response rate 74.8%) of children aged 1-18 years who received care in one of the participating paediatric rehabilitation centres. All subjects filled out two MPOCs with a 1-year interval. RESULTS: All correlations between the scale scores of the MPOC at the first and second administration were relatively high and significant (range: 0.443-0.609, all P < 0.001), demonstrating high inter-individual stability. However, all mean scale scores, except for Providing General Information, significantly reduced after 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: The MPOC has a moderate 1-year stability. However, because of its tendency to score lower when repeated after 1 year, its use as an evaluative follow-up instrument to assess the effectiveness of a programme intervention is restricted.     

儿童皮质发育畸形的MRI诊断

目的探讨儿童皮质发育畸形(MCD)的MRI表现特点,为MCD的早期诊断提供依据。 方法选择2010年1月至2012年12月在四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院放射科经MRI检查确诊为MCD的44例患儿为研究对象。回顾性分析及总结其MRI影像学特征。本研究遵循的程序符合四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院人体试验委员会制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准,征得受试对象及其监护人知情同意,并与监护人签署临床研究知情同意书。 结果本组44例经MRI确诊为MCD患儿中,巨脑回-无脑回为17例,多小脑回为14例,灰质异位为9例,脑裂畸形为4例。MCD的MRI特点中,巨脑回表现为脑回增宽、皮质增厚及白质变薄;无脑回表现为正常脑沟、脑回消失,皮质增厚及白质变薄;多小脑回表现为脑回增多、细小;灰质异位表现为皮质下及侧脑室周围深部白质区结节状、团块状或带状病灶,信号与灰质信号相同;脑裂畸形表现为从侧脑室到脑表面贯穿大脑半球的裂隙,表面覆盖灰质。 结论MRI是诊断儿童MCD的可靠影像学方法。