缺氧—再给氧对大鼠胸主动脉环内皮依赖血管舒张反应的影响

生物测定法观察大鼠胸主动脉环经缺氧－再给氧、机械去内皮后，血管内皮分泌内皮细胞舒张因子（ＥＤＲＦ）的能力，ＥＤＲＦ前体Ｌ－精氨酸（Ｌ－Ａｒｇ）及拮抗剂ＮＧ－甲基－Ｌ－精氨酸（Ｌ－ＮＭＭＡ）对大鼠胸主动脉内皮ＥＤＲＦ合成和分泌的影响。发现缺氧－再给氧及去内皮的血管环对乙酰胆碱（Ａｃｈ）的舒张反应明显减弱或丧失，而对硝酸甘油的舒张反应仍保存。Ｌ－Ａｒｇ可加强正常内皮环和缺氧－再给氧环对Ａｃｈ的舒张反应     

缺氧－再给氧对大鼠胸主动脉环内皮依赖血管舒张反应的影响

生物测定法观察大鼠胸主动脉环经缺氧－再给氧、机械去内皮后，血管内皮分泌内皮细胞舒张因子（ＥＤＲＦ）的能力，ＥＤＲＦ前体Ｌ－精氨酸（Ｌ－Ａｒｇ）及拮抗剂ＮＧ－甲基－Ｌ－精氨酸（Ｌ－ＮＭＭＡ）对大鼠胸主动脉内皮ＥＤＲＦ合成和分泌的影响。发现缺氧－再给氧及去内皮的血管环对乙酰胆碱（Ａｃｈ）的舒张反应明显减弱或丧失，而对硝酸甘油的舒张反应仍保存。Ｌ－Ａｒｇ可加强正常内皮环和缺氧－再给氧环对Ａｃｈ的舒张反应；Ｌ－ＮＭＭＡ则使该作用消失。Ｌ－ＮＭＭＡ和去内皮均使血管环丧失对Ａｃｈ的舒张反应。提示缺氧－再给氧和去内皮分别可使大鼠胸主动脉内皮分泌ＥＤＲＦ机制受损或丧失，提供外源性Ｌ－Ａｒｇ有促使正常内皮和受损内皮合成和释放ＥＤＲＦ的作用。     

缺氧复氧对肾性高血压大鼠血管舒缩反应的影响及其机制的 …

目的：观察缺氧复氧对肾性高压组及假手术组大鼠血管舒缩反应的影响,并对其机制进行了初步探讨。方法：采用Ｇｏｌｂｌａｔｔ方法复制ＲＨ大鼠模型,并应用离体血管灌流方法观察血管舒缩反应的变化。结果：缺氧可引起对照组大鼠有内皮主动脉环产生－快速,短暂的额外收缩,随后舒张。     

美蓝与消炎痛对高血压大鼠内脏血管内皮依赖性舒张减弱的影响

本文应用双标本微量生物测定法观察自发高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）及其常压对照（ＷＫＹ）大鼠肠系膜动脉Ａｃｈ内皮依赖性舒张（ＥＤＲ）的变化，并对其机制进行初步探讨，结果发现：ＳＨＲ的ＡｃｈＥＤＲ显著弱于ＷＫＹ者；鸟苷酸环化酶抑制剂美蓝（５×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）可明显减弱ＳＨＲ与ＷｋＹ的ＡＣｈＥＤＲ，此时ＳＨＲ的舒张仍明显弱于ＷＫＹ。灌流消炎痛（５×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）后，卒中易感型自发高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲｓｐ）的ＡｃｈＥＤＲ增强，ＷＫＹ的舒张反应几乎不变。此时ＳＨＲｓｐ与ＷＫＹ的肠系膜动脉的ＡｃｈＥＤＲ的差异消失。以上结果支持高血压的内脏血管ＥＤＲ减弱的结论，并且可以认为乙酰胆碱（Ａｃｈ）激发的血管内皮舒张因子（ＥＤＲＦ）通过ｃＧＭＰ环节的功能发生变化。以及血管内皮细胞释放的收缩因子（ＥＤＣＦ）增多是这一减弱的原因之一。     

血管内皮在猪离体肺内动脉缺氧性收缩反应中的作用及机制

浴槽内缺氧（ｐＯ２＝４０ｍｍＨｇ，５．３３ｋＰａ）可使内皮（ＥＣ）完整的猪离体肺内动脉（ＰＡ）收缩（张力升高０．８６±０．０９，ｎ＝１２）。去除ＥＣ后ＰＡ的缺氧收缩反应减弱（张力升高仅０．１１±０．０３ｇ，ｎ＝１２，Ｐ＜０．０１）。内皮衍的舒张因子（ＥＤＲＦｓ）的抑制剂美兰、棉子酚（均１０＾－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）及钙拮抗异搏停（１０＾－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）可显著抑制ＥＣ完整ＰＡ的缺氧性收缩反应，而消炎痛、乙胺     

L-精氨酸对缺氧性肺动脉高压大鼠内皮素释放的影响

目的：探讨Ｌ－精氨酸（Ｌ－Ａｒｇ）对缺氧性肺动脉高压（ＨＰＨ）大鼠血浆内皮素－１（ＥＴ－１）释放的影响。方法：将Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠４０只分为：对照组,缺氧组,缺氧＋Ｎ＾ω－硝基－Ｌ－精氨酸甲脂（Ｌ－ＮＡＭＥ）组和缺氧Ｌ－Ａｒｇ组。结果：缺氧组的肺动脉平均压（ｍＰＡＰ）显著高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）,缺氧组＋Ｌ－Ａｒｇ组的ｍＰＡＰ显著低于缺氧组（Ｐ〈０．０５）及缺氧＋Ｌ－ＮＡＭＥ组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,缺     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对兔血管舒张功能及左旋精氨酸/一氧化氮途径的影响

目的：本文观察了碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（ｂＦＧＦ）对离体主动脉舒张反应,一氧化氮（ＮＯ）生成及左旋精氨酸（Ｌ－Ａｒｇ）转运的影响。方法：离体大鼠主动脉环测定张力,主动脉薄片孵育测定ＮＯ生成和Ｌ－精氨酸（Ｌ－Ａｒｇ）转运。结果：ｂＦＧＦ呈剂量依赖性地诱导血管内皮依赖性舒张,增加血管低亲和Ｌ－Ａｒｇ的最大转运速度（与对照组比较增加４５％,Ｐ＜０．０１）,显著增加ＮＯ的产生（比对照组增加４３％）。结论：ｂＦＧＦ可增加Ｌ－Ａｒｇ转运,对内皮衍生舒张因子／一氧化氮（ＥＤＲＦ／ＮＯ）系统具有重要的调节作用     

缺氧性肺动脉高压时一氧化氮合酶、左旋精氨酸及亚硝基左旋精氨酸甲酯的研究

目的研究一氧化氮（ＮＯ）在缺氧性肺动脉高压（ＨＰＨ）发病中的作用。方法用烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸—黄递酶（ＮｉｃｏｔｉｎａｍｉｄｅＡｄｅｎｉｎｅＤｉｎｕｃｌｅｏｔｉｄｅＰｈｏｓｐｈａｔｅＤｉａｐｈｏｒａｓｅ，ＮＡＤＰＨｄ）和免疫组化ＡＢＣ方法检测原生型和诱生型一氧化氮合酶（ｃＮＯＳ、ｉＮＯＳ）在正常和缺氧大鼠肺内的表达和分布，同时观察左旋精氨酸（Ｌａｒｇ）和亚硝基左旋精氨甲酯（ＬＮＡＭＥ）对正常和缺氧大鼠肺循环的影响。结果ＨＰＨ组，ＮＡＤＰＨｄ阳性反应见于大血管内皮、平滑肌、支气管粘膜上皮及小血管内皮和平滑肌中，而后者在正常时未见阳性反应；ｃＮＯＳ在肺血管内皮和支气管粘膜上皮中的表达明显减弱，甚至消失，而正常时不表达ｉＮＯＳ的肺血管内皮和血管、支气管平滑肌在ＨＰＨ组出现了阳性表达；缺氧时补充Ｌａｒｇ和ＬＮＡＭＥ，与单纯缺氧相比，对右心室肥大和肺血管重建无影响。结论缺氧时ｃＮＯＳ被抑制，可能对ＨＰＨ的形成具有一定的作用；而ｉＮＯＳ的诱导表达，则可能对ＨＰＨ的形成具有阻止作用。     

高血糖症对大鼠血管内皮舒张功能的影响

目的：复制高血糖症动物模型，研究高糖对大鼠血管内皮舒张功能的影响及其机制。方法：采用血管功能检测、组织培养及放射免疫分析方法。结果：①高血糖组血管乙酰胆硷依赖性血管舒张反应明显降低（Ｐ＜００１）；②高血糖组血浆ＮＯ－２含量、主动脉一氧化氮合成酶（ＮＯＳ）活性及环磷酸鸟苷（ｃＧＭＰ）含量明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜００５，Ｐ＜００１）。结论：长期高血糖症可引起血管内皮源性血管舒张因子／一氧化氮（ＥＤＲＦ／ＮＯ）系统出现严重障碍，从而降低了血管舒张功能     

L－精氨酸二肽对大鼠异丙肾上腺素心肌损伤的影响

在大鼠异丙肾上腺素（ＩＳＯ）心肌坏死模型上发现心肌环─磷酸鸟苷（＿ｃＧＭＰ）含量明显减少，冠脉流量降低，冠血管对乙酰胆碱（Ａｃｈ）扩血管反应（内皮依赖性）减弱，而对硝普钠（ＮＰＳ）的扩血管反应（非内皮依赖性）无明显改变。用内皮衍生松驰因子（ＥＤＲＦ）前体Ｌ－精氨酸二肽（Ｌ－Ａｒｇ－Ａｒｇ－ＯＨ）治疗可明显减轻ＩＳＯ心肌损伤，增加心肌＿ｃＧＭＰ含量，增加冠脉灌流量，改善冠血管对Ａｃｈ的舒张反应。实验结果表明，ＩＳＯ心肌坏死时冠脉内皮ＥＤＲＰ生成减少，应用Ｌ－精氨酸二肽具有防治意义。     

Aortic vasoreactivity during prolonged hypoxia and hypoxia-reoxygenation in senescent rats.

To determine the effects of prolonged hypoxia and hypoxia-reoxygenation in senescent blood vessels, isolated aortic rings from 4- and 24-month-old (mo) Wistar rats were submitted to prolonged hypoxia (50 min) or hypoxia/reoxygenation (20 min/30 min) and contractile function recorded. Phenylephrine-induced contraction and sodium nitroprusside- and acetylcholine-induced relaxations were measured after hypoxia or after hypoxia/reoxygenation. In 24 mo group, prolonged hypoxia increased (+83%, P<0.01) and prolonged initial hypoxic contraction, while hypoxic relaxation and delayed contraction were unchanged. Relaxation to acetylcholine was more reduced than in 4 mo group while contraction to phenylephrine and relaxation to sodium nitroprusside were similarly impaired. During reoxygenation, contraction was of same amplitude at both ages and the relaxation to acetylcholine was impaired but to a similar extent in both groups. In conclusion, hypoxic stress induces a greater endothelium-injury in senescent aorta, and increased transient hypoxic contraction, without aggravation of late hypoxic contraction. Aging does not exacerbate the impairment of aortic vasoreactivity after hypoxia-reoxygenation, especially endothelium-dependent relaxation, in sharp contrast to prolonged hypoxia. These age-related changes in vascular sensitivity to oxygen deprivation are different from those observed in coronary arteries, indicating that vasoreactivity during such pathological stress strongly depends on the type of vessel, especially during aging.     

丹参对抗缺氧/复氧引起的大鼠心室肌细胞收缩和细胞内钙的改变

目的:观察丹参在常氧和缺氧/复氧过程中对心肌细胞收缩和电刺激诱导的细胞内钙([Ca²⁺]_i)瞬态的影响。方法: 采用酶解分离成年大鼠心室肌细胞化学缺氧模型, 用视频跟踪计算机系统和细胞内双波长钙荧光系统分别观察心肌细胞收缩力学和[Ca²⁺]_i等指标。结果:丹参(1-9 g/L)处理后降低心肌细胞最大收缩和舒张速率、收缩幅度以及电刺激诱导的[Ca²⁺]_i幅度, 且呈剂量依赖性。缺氧后, 与对照相比细胞收缩力和钙瞬态幅度降低、舒张末细胞长度缩短、舒张末钙水平增高;复氧后细胞收缩力、钙瞬态幅度和舒张末钙水平有所回复, 但不能达对照水平。用3 g/L的丹参处理后, 缺氧/复氧引起的心肌细胞最大收缩和舒张速率、收缩幅度和电刺激诱导的[Ca^2＋]_i幅度高于单纯缺氧组, 舒张末[Ca²⁺]_i水平低于单纯缺氧组。结论:丹参可对抗缺氧/复氧引起的大鼠心室肌细胞收缩力降低和细胞内动态和静态钙的变化。     

HSP20 phosphorylation and interstitial metabolites in hypoxia-induced dilation of swine coronary arteries

OBJECTIVE: Hypoxia induces coronary artery dilation, but the responsible mechanism is largely unknown. Many stimuli induce arterial smooth muscle relaxation by reducing ser19-myosin regulatory light chain (MLC) phosphorylation. Other stimuli can induce smooth muscle relaxation without reductions in ser19-MLC phosphorylation. This form of relaxation has been termed force suppression and appears to be associated with heat shock protein 20 (HSP20) phosphorylation on ser16. We investigated whether hypoxia-induced sustained dilation in swine coronary arteries was promoted without ser19-MLC dephosphorylation and associated with ser16-HSP20 phosphorylation. Nitroglycerin vasodilation served as control. METHODS: In a pressure myograph, the tunica media of intact pre-contracted (PGF(2alpha); 10(-5) m) porcine coronary artery segments were cannulated using a microdialysis catheter. Diameter responses and interstitial lactate/pyruvate ratios were studied during 90 min hypoxia, hypoxia + reoxygenation (60 min), nitroglycerin (100 microm, 90 min), and nitroglycerin + wash-out (60 min). The arterial segments were snap-frozen and analysed for ser16-HSP20 phosphorylation and ser19-MLC phosphorylation. RESULTS: The normalized diameter responses to hypoxia (6.1 +/- 4.3%) and nitroglycerin (12.6 +/- 1.6%) were both significantly greater than normoxic control arteries (-10.5 +/- 1.8%, anova, P < 0.05). Ser16-HSP20 phosphorylation was increased with hypoxia and nitroglycerin treatment and ser16-HSP20 phosphorylation correlated with changes in diameters (n = 29, r2 = 0.64, P < 0.001). Ser19-MLC phosphorylation was not significantly altered by hypoxia. The lactate/pyruvate ratio was significantly increased in hypoxic arteries but did not correlate with diameters or ser16-HSP20 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION: Ser16-HSP20 phosphorylation is a potential regulator of hypoxia-induced dilation in coronary arteries.     

Oxygen-induced enzyme release after irreversible myocardial injury. Effects of cyanide in perfused rat hearts.

The effects of 5 mM potassium cyanide (KCN) on creatine phosphokinase (CPK) release and cellular morphology were studied. Rat hearts were perfused with substrate-deficient media gassed with O2 or N2 (O2 medium, N2 medium) at 37 C, and effluent was collected for creatine phosphokinase analysis. Tissue fixation was with glutaraldehyde for light and electron microscopy. Experiments included the following: a) continuous perfusion with O2- or N2-medium in the presence of KCN; b) 45 or 60 minutes of perfusion with N2-medium followed by O2-medium for 15 or 180 minutes, respectively; c) 45 minutes of perfusion with N2-medium with KCN added 15 minutes before reoxygenation with O2-medium plus KCN; (4) 60 minutes of N2-medium plus KCN followed by O2-medium plus KCN for 180 minutes; d) as a control for irreversible injury, 21 minutes of perfusion with calcium-free O2-medium followed by 2.5 mM calcium-O2-medium ("calcium paradox"). The following results were seen: a) Initial CPK release occurred about 30 minutes later from hearts perfused with O2-medium plus KCN than from hearts perfused with N2-medium plus KCN. b) Upon reoxygenation after either 45 or 60 minutes of anoxia, hearts had a sudden peak of oxygen-induced CPK release. Most irreversibly injured cells were massively swollen and had sarcolemmal defects and contraction bands. Reversibly injured cells in the same hearts resembled normal myocardium. A previously unrecognized third population of cells is described. These cells were characterized by contraction bands but were not swollen, had intact sarcolemma, and contained both normal and damaged mitochondria with intramatrical calcium accumulation granules. It could not be determined if these cells were reversibly injured or in an early stage of irreversible injury. c) KCN added 15 minutes before reoxygenation of hearts after 45 minutes of anoxia inhibited the sudden peak of oxygen-induced CPK release but not a slow sustained release. Small to moderate numbers of cells in these hearts contained contraction bands. d) After 60 minutes, KCN completely inhibited both oxygen-induced CPK release and contraction band formation. e) Addition of calcium to calcium-free hearts caused both massive CPK release and contraction band formation. It is concluded that: the beginning of CPK release from oxygenated KCN-inhibited hearts requires about 30 minutes longer than from anoxic hearts; KCN can inhibit both oxygen-induced CPK release and contraction bands in irreversibly injured rat myocardial cells; sudden contracture of myocardial cells as occurs in the calcium paradox can result in massive CPK release; contraction bands occur in nonswollen cells, hence contraction bands can occur independently of massive cell swelling or membrane rupture. It is postulated that there may be two stages of irreversible myocardial injury; a) loss of control of contraction and b) progressive loss of mitochondrial and membrane integrity.     

杭白菊提取液对抗缺血再灌注引起的离体大鼠心肌收缩功能下降

目的:观察杭白菊水提取液在缺血再灌注和缺氧/复氧过程中对离体心脏和心室肌细胞的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法:采用Langendorff离体灌流心脏模型,观察心室收缩功能;用视频跟踪系统和细胞内双波长荧光系统分别记录单个心肌细胞收缩和i;测定心肌丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平。结果:杭白菊(0.5g/L)可明显减轻缺血再灌注引起的离体灌流心脏左室发展压、最大收缩/舒张速率、冠脉流量和左室发展压与心率乘积的抑制作用;并明显减弱缺氧/复氧抑制心室肌细胞收缩幅度、最大收缩/舒张速度和细胞钙瞬态的作用。杭白菊处理的缺血再灌注组心肌SOD水平明显升高,MDA含量显著降低。结论:杭白菊可能通过对抗自由基的作用,从而减轻缺血再灌注和缺氧/复氧对心肌收缩功能的抑制。     

白细胞介素-2预处理对缺氧/复氧心肌细胞收缩功能的影响

目的：观察白细胞介素-2（IL-2）预处理对缺氧/复氧过程中心肌细胞收缩功能的作用并探讨其作用机制。方法： 采用酶解法分离成年大鼠心室肌细胞缺氧/复氧模型，用视频跟踪计算机系统记录测定单个心室肌细胞收缩。心室肌细胞收缩参数包括最大收缩幅度（dL）、细胞最大收缩速度（+dL/dtmax）、细胞最大舒张速度（-dL/dtmax）和舒张末期细胞长度。结果： ①缺氧/复氧过程中，缺氧5、10、15和20 min时，心肌细胞dL、+dL/dtmax和-dL/dtmax明显降低。复氧5 min 时±dL/dtmax和dL有所恢复，但复氧10 min后±dL/dtmax、dL和舒张末期细胞长度又明显降低。②2×103 U/L IL-2对心室肌细胞收缩无明显作用。用此浓度IL-2预处理心室肌细胞15 min可明显改善缺氧/复氧引起的心室肌细胞收缩功能的减弱。③用选择性κ-阿片受体拮抗剂nor-BNI（10-8 mol/L）预处理后，IL-2对缺氧/复氧过程中心室肌细胞收缩的影响被减弱。④PKC抑制剂chelerythrine(3×10-6 mol/L) 可明显减弱IL-2的作用。⑤IL-2对缺氧/复氧过程中心室肌细胞收缩的影响可被线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道阻断剂5-HD（10-4 mol/L)明显抑制。结论： 2×103 U/L IL-2预处理可明显改善缺氧/复氧心室肌细胞的收缩功能。其作用是由κ-阿片受体介导的，IL-2作用的信号转导途径涉及PKC和线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道。     

Moderating effect of low doses of ethanol on reoxygenation injury in the anoxic myocardium

We have investigated the action of ethanol on the reoxygenation injury in isolated rat hearts. Perfusion of the anoxic Krebs-Henseleit medium for 40 minutes followed by 30 minutes of perfusion with aerobic medium produced considerable myocardial cell injury. Incorporation of ethanol (21.7 mMol), in both anoxic and aerobic perfusion media resulted in a marked reduction of cell injury and inhibition of creatine kinase. Contraction band necrosis was reduced to 0.25 as compared to 1.14 per field in the nontreated hearts. The tissue Ca++ was decreased to 8.2 as compared to 12.12 mumol/g/dry weight in the non-treated hearts and tissue ATP was increased by 50% in the treated tissue (9.33 mumol/g/dry wt) as compared to the non-treated anoxic tissue (5.5 mumol). Thus, ethanol appears to lessen myofibrilar contraction bands and preserve plasma membrane integrity during anoxia and reoxygenation. This suggests a scavenging role of free radicals which include hydroxy radicals or closely related species, in the pathogenesis of anoxic cell injury and beneficial effect of ethanol in low doses on the post anoxic reoxygenation injury.     

Factors contributing to thixotropy of inspiratory muscles

Thixotropy is a passive property of the skeletal muscle dependent on the muscle's immediate history of contraction and length change. Thixotropic properties of inspiratory muscles, introduced by forceful muscle contraction at an inflated lung volume, cause an increased end-expiratory position (EEP) of the rib cage. We searched for factors contributing to the development of inspiratory muscle thixotropy in nine healthy subjects. Using induction plethysmography, we examined aftereffects on EEP of the duration of inspiratory muscle contraction and subsequent muscle relaxation. We also studied effects of inspiratory effort intensity measured by mouth pressure at different lung volumes. EEP elevation was noted subsequent to 5-s contraction followed by 2-s relaxation and was enhanced when conditioned at higher lung volumes with a strong inspiratory effort. Our results suggest four factors that influence inspiratory muscle thixotropy: (1) intensity of muscle contraction, (2) lung volume when contraction occurs, (3) duration of contraction, and (4) muscle relaxation.     

siRNA 技术沉默SOCS3 对缺氧复氧心肌细胞增殖、凋亡的影响以及作用机制

目的：研究小干扰RNA（siRNA）靶向沉默细胞因子信号转导抑制因子3（SOCS3）基因对心肌细胞增殖、凋亡的影响以及可能作用机制。方法：采用脂质体Lipofectamine 2000转染大鼠H9C2心肌细胞,分为对照组、缺氧/复氧组、缺氧/复氧+siRNA NC组、缺氧/复氧+siRNA SOCS3组;免疫印迹试验（Western blot）检测细胞的转染效果;噻唑蓝（MTT）观察细胞的增殖活性,观察细胞中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）水平的变化;膜联蛋白 V-FITC（Annexin V-FITC）/碘化丙啶(PI)染色法检测细胞凋亡率,Western blot检测核因子-κB（NF-κB）、细胞周期蛋白D1（Cyclin D1）、c-Myc蛋白水平。结果：与对照组相比,缺氧/复氧组心肌细胞SOCS3蛋白水平显著增加（P<0.05）,细胞的增殖活性、SOD显著下降（P<0.05）,LDH、MDA、凋亡率显著升高（P<0.05）;靶向沉默缺氧复氧心肌细胞SOCS3基因表达较缺氧/复氧组细胞的增殖活性和SOD显著增加（P<0.05）,LDH、MDA、凋亡率显著降低（P<0.05）;缺氧/复氧干预心肌细胞显著抑制NF-κB、Cyclin D1、c-Myc蛋白表达（P<0.05）,下调SOCS3基因表达显著增加NF-κB、Cyclin D1、c-Myc蛋白表达（P<0.05）。结论：沉默SOCS3表达促进缺氧复氧心肌细胞增殖,抑制其凋亡,增强机体氧自由基的清除能力,其作用机制与NF-κB信号通路的激活有关。     

Changes in antioxidant enzymes in isolated cardiac myocytes subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation.

BACKGROUND: Intracellular antioxidants have been shown to be depressed during hypoxia, and recovery upon reoxygenation has been correlated with the available antioxidant reserve. To test whether these antioxidant changes are also occurring at the cardiac myocytes level, we studied changes in antioxidant enzyme activities as well as cell injury in isolated cardiac myocytes exposed to hypoxia and reoxygenation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Isolated Ca(2+)-tolerant myocytes from adult male rats were subjected to 30 minutes hypoxia and 15 minutes reoxygenation. Antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase; lipid peroxide content; electrolytes (Na+, Ca2+); morphology; and high energy phosphates (ATP, ADP, AMP, creatinine phosphate) were studied in these myocytes. The effects of exogenous catalase (40 units/ml) on hypoxia-reoxygenation induced changes in myocytes were also studied. RESULTS: Hypoxia resulted in a reduction in Mn superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities with no change in CAT activity and malondialdehyde content. Reoxygenation of hypoxic cells resulted in recovery of Mn superoxide dismutase but not in glutathione peroxidase activity. Reoxygenation was without any effect on catalase activity, but a significant increase in the malondialdehyde content was seen. Hypoxia as well as reoxygenation caused a reduction in the number of rod-shaped cells with a parallel increase in hypercontracted as well as round cells. There was a significant increase in the myocyte Na+ and Ca2+ content during both hypoxia and reoxygenation, and this was accompanied by leakage of lactate dehydrogenase into the perfusion medium. These changes due to hypoxia and reoxygenation were significantly attenuated by addition of catalase (40 units/ml). High energy phosphates ATP, ADP, and AMP declined during hypoxia, and creatine phosphate was significantly reduced during reoxygenation. CONCLUSIONS: Hypoxia induces specific antioxidant changes in the isolated cardiac myocytes. Reduced ability to remove hydrogen peroxide appears to be an important determinant of myocyte injury during reoxygenation.