多层螺旋CT增强扫描及三维重建对乳腺肿块诊断价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT增强扫描及三维重建技术对乳腺肿块的显示及在诊断中的应用价值。方法收集临床病理证实乳腺肿块48例,GElightspeed16层CT增强扫描及多平面重建(MPR)、最大强度投影(MIP)、容积重建法(VR)。结果48例乳腺肿块中纤维腺瘤,乳腺增生病变和恶性组平扫CT平均值分别为18.23±5.2HU,21.24±7.24HU和25.65±9.43HU(P>0.05),增强后△CT值分别为23.22±8.7HU,22.33±5.5HU和35.36±15.07HU(P<0.01);良性病灶△CT值均<35HU,乳腺癌△CT值>35HU。三维重建28例乳腺癌病例。48例乳腺肿块中,28例乳腺癌表现为形态不规则,密度不均匀,边界不清肿块14例,10例显示肿块周围水肿环,肿块邻近皮肤水肿6例,乳头内陷、导管增粗6例,8例肿块胸肌相连,腋下恶性淋巴结显示12例,6例同时显示胸小肌后淋巴结,1例显示锁骨上淋巴结肿大。结论多层螺旋CT增强扫描及二维、三维重建不仅对乳腺肿块增强前后CT值变化鉴别良恶性,而且对其内部结构、周围组织之间关系显示更为直接,可全方位对乳腺周围淋巴及其组织结构进行影像学观察。     

乳腺疾病的CT诊断

目的明确乳腺疾病的ＣＴ征象，评价ＣＴ扫描在乳腺癌及腋窝淋巴结转移诊断中的价值。材料与方法报告乳腺疾病５３例，包括乳腺癌３０例，良性疾病２３例，均行ＣＴ扫描，其中４４例同时进行钼靶摄影。结果（１）乳腺癌ＣＴ表现为：圆形、椭圆形或不规则形肿块，边缘毛刺，导管牵拉征，库伯韧带受累，局部皮肤胸壁浸润及周围脂肪间隙变形。良性疾病：单纯增生表现为不规则形肿块及患侧腺体增厚；囊性增生典型表现为多发圆形含液体密度囊肿。（２）ＣＴ与钼靶摄影结果相比较，两者在良恶性乳腺疾病的鉴别方面具有相同价值。但在肿块靠近腋窝或胸壁等情况下，ＣＴ较钼靶更为实用；并且ＣＴ有助于乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移的诊断。结论ＣＴ扫描在乳腺病变的发现、病变良恶性的鉴别诊断以及腋窝淋巴结转移的诊断方面有很大价值。     

动态螺旋CT检查对乳腺疾病的诊断价值

目的　探讨动态螺旋CT检查对乳腺良恶性病变的鉴别诊断价值。资料与方法　 38例患者均为女性 ,其中乳腺癌 13例 ,纤维腺瘤 8例 ,其他良性病变 17例。CT检查先平扫 ,而后分别于静脉注射对比剂后 1.5、3、7、10min时进行动态扫描。结果　乳腺癌与良性病变在 1.5min和 3min时的增强百分比显著不同 (P <0 .0 1)。良恶性病变的时间 密度曲线类型分布存在着显著性差异 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,80 %的良性病变呈Ⅰ型 ,而 92 .3%的恶性病变呈Ⅲ型。4 6 .15 %的恶性肿块呈不规则形 ,76 .92 %边缘不规则 ,5 3.85 %呈不均匀强化 ;而 75 %的良性肿块呈类圆形 ,83.33%边缘规整 ,83.33%呈均匀强化。动态螺旋CT检查的敏感性为 10 0 % ,特异性 88% ,准确性 92 .11%。结论　虽然动态螺旋CT检查的照射剂量大、检查费用高以及应用对比剂带来的副作用 ,但它在鉴别良恶性乳腺病变方面具有较高的诊断价值     

多层螺旋CT增强检查对乳腺病变的诊断价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)增强检查对乳腺疾病的鉴别诊断价值。方法:经手术病理证实的84位患者,共检出93例乳腺病变,其中浸润性导管癌57例,粘液癌4例,纤维腺瘤13例,导管内乳头状瘤4例,其他良性病变15例。CT检查先平扫,而后分别于静脉注射对比剂后28s、90s时进行二期增强扫描。对照手术病理结果,分析所有乳腺病变的CT表现。结果:乳腺良、恶性病变的平扫密度之间的差异无统计意义(P>0.05)。乳腺良、恶性病变的形状、边缘及强化形式之间的差异有统计意义(P=1.57×10-4;P=1.75×10-28;P=1.78×10-2)。以25HU为分界点,本组乳腺良、恶性病变动脉期强化程度之间的差别有高度统计意义(P<0.001)。MSCT诊断本组乳腺病变的敏感性为96.7%,特异性为90.6%,阳性预测值为95.2%,阴性预测值为93.5%。MSCT对61例乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移的术前检出率为88.8%。结论:多层螺旋CT增强检查在鉴别乳腺良恶性病变方面具有较高的诊断价值。     

CT诊断乳腺肿瘤临床价值的研究

目的：探讨乳腺肿瘤的CT表现及临床应用价值。资料与方法：45例乳腺肿瘤病人行仲卧位平扫及增强扫描，小病灶行单侧局部放大扫描，其中43例经病理证实，另2例经临床随访证实。结果：乳腺癌的主要CT特征为：(L)肿块边缘不规整，有分叶和毛刺；(2)强化后CT值平均升高45Hu以上，无包膜；(3)肿块内有沙砾状钙化，(4）腋窝淋巴结境界欠光整，可有融合，呈“串珠状”改变；(5)肿块侵犯胸壁等。乳腺良性肿瘤境界光整，可有分叶和包膜。结论：CT是鉴别乳腺良恶性舯块的一种重要方法，并能发现临床扪诊阴性的乳腺病变，为乳腺癌术前分期及手术方式选择提供重要依据。     

收缩期流速峰值对鉴别乳腺肿物的价值

目的探讨乳腺肿物中收缩期流速峰值(PSV)能否鉴别乳腺的良性与恶性肿物。方法133例经手术或病理证实的乳腺疾病患者,其中,乳腺癌46例,乳腺良性病变87例(包括纤维瘤58例,炎性包块7例及增生性病灶22例),均经二维超声检查,彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)测量PSV,对所有病人的超声表现进行回顾性分析,并重点地比较了乳腺癌与乳腺良性病变之间的PSV差异。结果46例乳腺癌的47个病灶中检出血流信号42个,58例纤维瘤的69个病灶中检出血流信号41个,7例炎性包块和22例增生性病灶中均检出血流信号。乳腺癌与乳腺良性病变的PSV比较,未见显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论单独用PSV鉴别乳腺的良恶性肿物是不可靠的,因PSV与多种因素有关。     

乳腺良恶性肿块的钼靶X线误诊分析

目的:总结乳腺癌的X线征象,分析误诊原因,提高对乳腺良恶性病变X线征象的认识。方法:搜集以乳腺肿块就诊的乳腺疾病患者300例,从中选出术后病理诊断为乳腺癌的病例28例,良性病变6例;误诊病例6例。误诊病例中4例病理报告为良性而X线诊断为恶性肿瘤,包括纤维瘤2例,浆细胞性乳腺炎1例,特发性肉芽肿性炎1例;2例病理报告为乳腺癌而术前误诊为良性病变。分析乳腺癌及误诊病例的X线表现,总结误诊原因。结果:乳腺癌高发年龄段为41～50岁,多位于外上象限,大多数可见肿块影,边界模糊,有沿导管分布的泥沙样、断针样钙化,病侧血管增粗;4例误诊的良性病例因具有部分恶性病变特征而误诊,回顾分析时可见它们与恶性肿瘤的不同之处在于无明显肿块影,钙化点较粗大且分布不规则;2例因肿块边界清晰而误诊为良性病变,回顾分析时见其部分边界不清,且伴病侧血管及Cooper韧带增粗等恶性征象。结论:仔细分析钼靶X线病变特征并结合临床资料可提高乳腺良恶性肿块的诊断诊断符合率。     

多层螺旋CT在乳腺疾病诊断中的应用

多层螺旋CT对乳腺疾病的诊断 1.乳腺疾病的常规CT诊断 恶性肿瘤:①浸润性导管癌,为最常见的乳癌,表现为不规则的软组织密度肿块,肿块边缘可见毛刺,增强扫描主要呈均匀强化或环状、不均匀强化,其它表现可有皮肤增厚、淋巴结增大、胸大肌受侵和胸腔积液等.微小钙化不易显示,若进行2mm薄层扫描,适当调整窗宽和窗位,可提高钙化的检出率.②侵袭性小叶癌,为另一种常见的乳腺恶性肿瘤,6%～36%为两侧性或多中心性,CT表现为毛刺状肿块,两侧不对称、无明确边缘的致密影;同时显示多灶、多中心或对侧乳腺肿瘤,增强扫描呈均匀强化.     

X线摄影和螺旋CT诊断乳腺良恶性肿瘤的评价

目的：参照X线摄影在乳腺疾病诊断方面的特点．评价用螺旋CT扫描乳腺技术的诊断价值。方法：将外科手术证实的156例乳腺疾病患者分为乳腺癌组和非乳腺癌组．观察X线摄影和螺旋CT扫描对乳腺良恶性疾病诊断的准确性，并比较各自的优缺点。结果：156例有乳腺肿块的患者中．经手术和病理证实乳腺癌65例．乳腺良性疾病91例。65例乳腺癌中有10例乳腺X线摄影检查为阴性．其中4例因腺体致密而不能确诊。这4例中螺旋CT检出2例阳性病变。乳腺X线摄影诊断的敏感性和特异性分别为84．6％和83．5％．螺旋CT扫描为83．1％和76．9％。乳腺X线摄影和螺旋CT扫描的阳性预测值分别为78．6％和72．0％，其阴性预测值为88．4％和86．4％。结论：对于乳腺良恶性肿瘤的检查．首选乳腺X线。必要时CT可作为补充。     

胸部CT诊断乳腺病变的价值

目的:分析乳腺病变CT表现与特征,探讨胸部CT扫描评价乳腺疾病的应用价值。方法:收集本院2012-01~2014-06胸部CT检查乳腺占位性病变患者143例。经手术或穿刺活检证实乳腺癌97例,良性病变43例,共计140例。其中,经胸部CT首先发现乳腺病变者124例:乳腺癌88例,乳腺导管内乳头状瘤2例,乳腺对应胸壁结核4例,脂肪瘤2例,纤维腺瘤11例,乳腺增生17例。回顾分析病例CT表现特点,寻找胸部CT诊断乳腺疾病影像特点与规律。结果:胸部CT扫描能精准反映乳腺肿块病变细节,判断乳腺腺体局限性致密增厚时是否存在病变,有无钙化及特征钙化、淋巴结肿大、乳腺皮肤增厚、乳后间隙模糊等间接病理变化,从而对疾病性质做出判断。结论:胸部CT检查不仅能观察到乳腺病变细节特征,同时能发现远处淋巴结转移,并直观观察乳后间隙、乳腺局部皮肤改变等间接征象,了解纵隔及肺有无异常病变,对鉴别良恶性病变,起着决定性作用。胸部CT检查的这种全面性,是其他检查手段所不具备的。     

弥散加权成像鉴别乳腺良恶性病变的价值初探

目的　探讨弥散加权成像（diffusionweightedimaging,DWI）的表面弥散系数（apparentdiffusioncoefficients,ADC）鉴别乳腺良恶性病变的价值。方法　健康志愿者10人,经手术病理证实的乳腺病变49例,其中恶性肿瘤26例,良性病变23例。DWI采用单次激发回波平面成像（echo-planarimaging,EPI）技术,14例取5个b值（b为扩散敏感度）,余者取2个b值,计算ADC值。以恶性肿瘤ADC值单侧上界95%容许区间为界限判断病灶的良恶性,诊断结果与动态增强比较。结果　除1例原位癌和1例小腺瘤外,DWI显示所有良恶性病变。恶性肿瘤组ADC值为(0.9608±0.2043)×10     

En bloc excision of nonpalpable breast lesions using the advanced breast biopsy instrumentation system: an alternative to needle guided surgery?

This study was prospectively conducted to evaluate the clinical potential of the advanced breast biopsy instrumentation (ABBI) system as an alternative to needle localization and open surgery in the management of nonpalpable breast lesions (NPBL). One hundred and eighty-six consecutive patients were referred for management of NPBL. Thirty-six underwent an ABBI procedure, offered as a first step before possible surgery for lesions which would in any case have required complete excision. The 18 patients with a malignant ABBI biopsy underwent re-excision of the biopsy site and axillary dissection was carried out in cases of infiltrating carcinoma. The other 150 patients underwent image-guided needle biopsy. Following these procedures, 60/150 (40 %) patients underwent needle-guided surgery. Finally, 96/186 (51 %) patients required complete excision. A total of 43 benign lesions and 53 carcinomas were confirmed. Thirty-six out of 96 (38 %) excisions were obtained with the ABBI system; 17/43 (40 %) benign lesions and 11/53 (21 %) carcinomas were completely removed with the ABBI system. Out of 9 malignant specimens with a pathological size less than 10 mm, 5/9 (55 %) had tumor-free margins and in 8/9 (89 %) no residual disease was found at re-excision. The preliminary results of this study suggest that, in selected cases, en bloc excision using the ABBI procedure could be an alternative to conventional surgery. Received: 4 September 2000 Accepted: 27 September 2000     

Angle between 1 and 4 min gives the most significant difference in time–intensity curves between benign disease and breast cancer: analysis of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging in 103 patients with breast lesions

The aim of the present study was to clarify the morphologic characteristics of time–intensity curves (TICs) that are useful for distinguishing benign from malignant lesions. One hundred three patients with breast lesions underwent dynamic breast MRI. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC) from every component of TIC were compared between benign and malignant disease. As a result, angle of cross line between 1 and 4 min is more useful than rapid enhancement for distinguishing benign from malignant lesions.     

小b值扩散加权成像对乳腺癌的诊断价值

目的:探讨小b值扩散加权成像(DWI)在诊断乳腺癌中的价值.方法:采用Philips 1.5T磁共振扫描仪对48例乳腺疾病患者行常规SE序列扫描、单次激发自旋回波-回波平面成像(SE-EPI)序列DWI及动态增强扫描.48例患者共检出53个病灶,其中良性肿瘤29个,恶性肿瘤24个,均经手术及病理证实;选择健康志愿者20...     

Diffusion-weighted imaging of breast tumors: Differentiation of benign and malignant tumors

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of diffusion-weighted images (DWI) in the differentiation between benign and malignant breast tumors.

Patients and methods

This study included 62 females with focal breast lesions according to mammography or sonomamography. All patients underwent dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), and DWI of the breast. The mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were calculated for all lesions and were correlated with the final histopathological results. The sensitivity and specificity of DWI in the differentiation between benign and malignant breast tumors were calculated.

Results

Seventy-eight lesions were detected in the examined 62 patients included in this study. Fifty one lesions were benign and 27 lesions were malignant according to the final histopathological results. (25/27) lesions were correctly diagnosed by ADC as malignant lesions with mean ADC value (0.92 ± 0.23 × 10⁻³ mm²/s) which was significantly lower than the mean ADC value for benign tumors (1.46 ± 0.48 × 10⁻³ mm²/s) and was correctly diagnosed in (50/51) lesions. The sensitivity and specificity of DWI in the differentiation between benign and malignant breast tumors were 92.6% and 98%, respectively.

Conclusion

DWI offers a useful method for differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions with high sensitivity and specificity. Being a short unenhanced scan DWI can be safely added to the standard breast MRI protocol.     

MR重T2W首次通过灌注成像鉴别乳腺良恶性肿瘤的价值初探

目的　评价在同 1次检查中T1W动态增强成像之后进行重T2 W (T 2 W )首次通过灌注成像的可行性 ,以及后者在鉴别乳腺良恶性肿瘤方面的诊断价值。方法　 2 9例乳腺病患者在T1W动态增强后进一步行病灶局部的T 2 W首次通过灌注成像 ,分别根据病灶T1W动态增强的早期强化程度和T 2 W首次通过灌注成像的早期信号丢失程度判定病灶的良恶性 ,计算其敏感度、特异度 ,以进行两方法间的比较。结果　应用T1W动态增强成像序列 ,良、恶性病变的信号强度增加率之间差异有显著性意义 (t=2 5 6 3,P =0 0 16 ) ,但两者的早期增强程度范围有很大的重叠 ;早期增强率诊断的敏感度为 94 % ,特异度仅为 2 5 %。应用T 2 W首次通过灌注成像序列 ,良、恶性病变之间的T2 信号强度丢失程度差异有非常显著性意义 (t=4 777,P <0 0 0 1) ,良、恶性病变的早期信号丢失率之间重叠很少 ;早期信号丢失率诊断的敏感度为 88% ,特异度为 75 %。结论　T 2 W首次通过灌注成像在鉴别良恶性乳腺肿瘤方面具有较高特异度 ;在同一患者中 ,T 2 W首次通过灌注成像结合T1W动态增强成像检查是可行的 ,可以提高乳腺MR成像的诊断准确性。     

False-negative MR imaging of malignant breast tumors

In this study we analyze MR-negative malignant lesions of the breast. A total of 204 patients with palpable and/or mammographic lesions were studied. The MR technique consisted of the turbo FLASH and MP-RAGE subtraction techniques. All patients underwent surgical biopsy and/or mastectomy and all specimens were examined by the correlative radiologic-histologic mapping technique. A total of 208 lesions were evaluated; 145 turned out to be malignant and 63 proved to be benign. Six malignant lesions were misinterpreted as benign on MR imaging; thus, suspicious contrast enhancement was present in 96 % of the lesions detected by mammography, US, or clinical examination. Especially 4 of the 17 ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) lesions were misinterpreted (23.5 %). Despite optimal technique, 6 malignant lesions were not identified by MR imaging. The highest prevalence of these MR occult lesions was in the group of DCIS. Although MR imaging has an important role in the evaluation of breast lesions and, primarily, in ruling out malignancy, one should be aware of the fact that false-negative MR findings do occur. Received 8 July 1996; Revision received 7 October 1996; Accepted 6 February 1997     

动态增强MRI定量参数及最大线性斜率比值对鉴别乳腺良恶性疾病的价值

目的 通过对动态增强MRI时间.信号强度曲线(TIC)的后处理,寻找有效的鉴别诊断良、恶乳腺疾病的定量参数.方法 回顾性分析行MR检查的30例乳腺疾病初诊患者,对动态增强MRI的TIC进行后处理,得出最高信号强度(SImax)、强化峰值(PH)、最大线性斜率(Slope)、最大线性斜率比值(SlopeR)4个定量参数,用独立样本t检验和秩和检验评价4个定量参数在良、恶性病灶间的分布是否具有统计学意义.结果 共17个良性病灶和18个恶性病灶,良性病灶和恶性病灶的SImax值(M值)分别为375.2和158.1,95%可信区间分别为278.2～506.0和160.5～374.8;PH值(M值)分别为114.4和87.8.95%可信区间分别为73.7-196.5和71.3~162.9;Slope值(M值)分别为22.3×10-3和44.0×10-3,95%可信区间分别为13.7×10-3~41.1×10-3和46.1×10-3~81.8×10-3;SlopeR值(M值)分别为2.6和11.4,95%可信区间分别为1.9～3.4和9.8~14.5.SImax、PH值在良、恶性病灶间的分布差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);Slope值在良、恶性病灶间的分布差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),但曲线下面积重叠较大;SlopeR值在良、恶性病灶间的分布差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),曲线下面积重叠少.结论 SlopeR值对乳腺良、恶性病灶间的鉴别有重要意义.     

The role of diffusion-weighted imaging and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values for breast tumors.

OBJECTIVE: We wanted to evaluate the role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for detecting breast tumors, as compared with the T1- and T2-weighted images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-one female patients underwent breast MRI, and this included the T1-, T2-, DWI and dynamic contrast-enhanced images. Sixty-five enhancing lesions were detected on the dynamic contrast-enhanced images and we used this as a reference image for detecting tumor. Fifty-six breast lesions were detected on DWI and the histological diagnoses were as follows: 43 invasive ductal carcinomas, one mucinous carcinoma, one mixed infiltrative and mucinous carcinoma, seven ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS), and four benign tumors. First, we compared the detectability of breast lesions on DWI with that of the T1- and T2-weighted images. We then compared the ADCs of the malignant and benign breast lesions to the ADCs of the normal fibroglandular tissue. RESULTS: Fifty-six lesions were detected via DWI (detectability of 86.2%). The detectabilities of breast lesions on the T1- and T2-weighted imaging were 61.5% (40/65) and 75.4% (49/65), respectively. The mean ADCs of the invasive ductal carcinoma (0.89+/-0.18 x 10(-3)mm(2)/second) and DCIS (1.17+/-0.18 x 10(-3)mm(2)/ second) are significantly lower than those of the benign lesions (1.41+/-0.56 x 10(-3)mm(2)/second) and the normal fibroglandular tissue (1.51+/-0.29 x 10(-3)mm(2)/ second). CONCLUSION: DWI has a high sensitivity for detecting breast tumors, and especially for detecting malignant breast tumors. DWI was an effective imaging technique for detecting breast lesions, as compared to using the T1- and T2-weighted images.