LI-RADS MRI分类标准对肝细胞癌的诊断效能

目的：探讨肝脏影像报告和数据管理系统（LI-RADS）MRI 分级诊断标准对肝细胞癌（HCC）的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析88例肝脏病变患者的上腹部MRI资料,并根据LI-RADS分类标准对病变进行分析评估,并与临床客观诊断结果进行比较。结果：88例患者MRI共发现117个病灶,其中LI-RADS 1～5类病灶99个：1类和2类病灶25个,临床客观诊断结果均为良性（阴性预测值为100％）;3类病灶3个,其中1个为HCC（阳性预测值为33．3％）;4类病灶8个,其中5个为 HCC（阳性预测值为62．5％）;63个5类病灶中61个为 HCC（阳性预测值为96．8％）。受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线下面积为0．96（P＜0．001）。若将LI-RADS 1～2类病灶归为阴性,3～5类归为阳性,LI-RADS对诊断 HCC的总符合率为92．9％（92／99）,敏感度为100％（67／67）,特异度为78．1％（25／32）,阳性预测值为90．5％（67／74）,阴性预测值为100％（25／25）。若将LI-RADS 3类病灶排除,1～2类病灶归为阴性,4～5类病灶归为阳性,LI-RADS对 HCC的诊断符合率为94．8％（91／96）,敏感度为100％（66／66）,特异度为83．3％（25／30）,阳性预测值为93．0％（66／71）,阴性预测值为100％（25／25）。结论：LI-RADS分类标准对HCC的MRI诊断具有很好的诊断效果,有利于提高MRI诊断报告的准确性。     

初探超声造影基于LI-RADS分类标准诊断肝细胞癌的可行性

目的：探讨基于肝脏影像报告和数据管理系统（LI-RADS）的超声造影检查诊断肝细胞癌（HCC）的可行性。方法：回顾性分析108例有肝癌高风险的单发肝脏病变患者的超声造影资料,并基于LI-RADS分类标准对肝脏病变进行分析评估,并与病理或临床诊断结果相对照。结果：108个病灶中LI-RADS 1～5类病灶共106个：1类和2类病灶19个,临床客观诊断结果均为良性（阴性预测值为100％）;3类病灶3个;22个4类病灶中17个为 HCC（阳性预测值为77．3％）;62个5类病灶中有54个为 HCC（阳性预测值为87．1％）。受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线下面积为0．83（P＜0．001）。若将LI-RADS 3～5类病灶归为阳性,基于LI-RADS的超声造影检查对HCC的诊断符合率为83．9％（92／106）,敏感度为100％（73／73）,特异度为57．6％（19／33）,阳性预测值为83．9％（73／87）,阴性预测值为100％（19／19）;若将 LI-RADS 3类病灶排除、1～2类病灶归为阴性、4～5类病灶归为阳性,则诊断符合率为87．4％（90／103）,敏感度为100％（71／71）,特异度为59．4％（19／32）,阳性预测值为84．5％（71／84）,阴性预测值为100％（19／19）。结论：超声造影检查中应用LI-RADS分类标准诊断 HCC具有一定的可行性。     

^99Tc^m—MIBISPECT结合定位CT显像诊断功能亢进异位甲状旁腺的价值

目的评价^99Tc^m-甲氧基异丁基异腈（MIBI）SPECT结合定位CT显像对功能亢进异位甲状旁腺的定位诊断价值。方法回顾性分析28例功能亢进异位甲状旁腺患者的手术、病理及影像资料。28例均行常规CT检查,其中25例先行双时相^99Tc^m-MIBI显像,对甲状腺外存在异常放射性浓聚灶患者,随即进行SPECT结合定位CT采集,经计算机处理得到二者融合图像,对放射性浓聚灶进行精确定位。以手术及病理检查结果为检查“金标准”,所有患者均按4个甲状旁腺计算,经手术及病理检查证实的为阳性,其余判为阴性。CT检查与核医学显像结果的比较采用四格表,检验。结果手术中28例患者共摘除28个异位病灶,均为单发。病理检查结果均为腺瘤。28例患者常规CT检查共发现22个阳性病灶,其中真阳性17个,假阳性5个,另假阴性11个,真阴性79个;25例^99Tc^m-MIBISPECT结合定位CT显像发现阳性病灶23个,无假阳性,另假阴性2个,真阴性75个。常规CT检查与核医学显像对检出病理性甲状旁腺的灵敏度分别为61％（17／28）、92％（23／25）,特异性为94％（79／84）、100％（75／75）,准确性为86％（96／112）、98％（98／100）,阳性预测值为77％（17／22）、100％（23／23）,阴性预测值为88％（79／90）、97％（75／77）;两者间比较差异有统计学意义,灵敏度：χ^2=6．98,P〈0．01,特异性：χ^2=4．61,P〈0．05,准确性：χ^2=10．30,P〈0．01,阳性预测值：χ^2=5．88,P〈0．05,阴性预测值：χ^2=5．36,P〈0．05。结论^99Tc^m—MIBI SPECT结合定位CT显像对功能亢进异位甲状旁腺的定位诊断优于常规CT,但存在一定的假阴性。     

^18F-FDGPET／CT与超声造影在肝细胞癌复发判断中的对比研究

目的比较18F—FDGPET／CT与超声造影（CEUS）在HCC治疗后复发监测中的效能。方法回顾性分析27例HCC治疗后（15例部分切除术、12例射频消融）患者资料（男22例,女5例;平均年龄47岁）,患者治疗后均行18F．FDGPET／CT及CEUS监测肿瘤复发,2种检查间隔时间在2周内,间隔期间未接受任何治疗。依据病理或随访（〉6个月）结果,计算PET／CT与CEUS诊断HCC复发的灵敏度、特异性及准确性。比较CEUS与PET／CT对CEUS阳性患者和CEUS阴性患者的诊断效能。采用McNemar检验分析数据。结果27例治疗后HCC患者中,25例存在肝内复发,其中11例合并肝外转移;2例肝内未见复发,但有肝外转移。18F-FDGPET／CT及CEUS对肝内病灶检出的灵敏度分别为92．0％（23／25）和60．0％（15／25）,特异性均为2／2,准确性分别为92．6％（25／27）和63．0％（17／27）。15例CEUS阳性患者中,18F．FDGPET／CT及CEUS对肝内病灶检出的灵敏度及准确性均为100％（15／15）;12例CEUS阴性患者中,18F—FDGPET／CT及CEUS对肝内病灶检出的灵敏度分别为8／10和0,特异性均为2／2,准确性分别为83．3％（10／12）和16．7％（2／12）。18F-FDGPET／CT灵敏度及准确性明显高于CEUS,尤其是CEUS阴性组（x2=5．373和5．250,均P〈O．05）。18F-FDGPET／CT对肝外转移病灶的诊断灵敏度为100％（13／13）。结论18F—FDGPET／CT在评估HCC治疗后患者肝内肿瘤复发方面的灵敏度及准确性明显优于CEUS,并能有效发现肝外转移,可作为CEUS阴性而临床高度怀疑复发和转移的HCC患者的有效补充检查手段。     

ROC曲线评价18F—FDGPET／CT、99Tcm—MDP骨显像及二者联合对骨转移的检出效能

目的采用ROC曲线比较18F-FDGPET／CT、99TcmMDP骨显像及二者联合对骨转移患者的检出效能。方法296例恶性肿瘤患者在2个月内同时接受了18F-FDGPET／CT和99TcmMDP骨显像,对2种显像结果按5分法（0分：骨转移阴性,1分：可能阴性,2分：不能确定,3分：可能阳性,4分：肯定阳性）分别评分,两者之和为联合评分值。以病理诊断或临床随访为确诊“金标准”,采用。检验比较ROC曲线下面积,以评价骨显像、PET／CT及联合评分法对骨转移患者的检出效能,采用r检验比较不同方法在各自最佳诊断阈值下的灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。结果296例患者中,确诊骨转移阳性61例（占20．6％）、阴性235例（占79．4％）。骨显像、PET／CT及联合评分诊断骨转移的ROC曲线下面积（95％可信区间）分别为0．919（0．867—0．971）、0．949（0．906～0．991）、0．994（0．988～0．999）,联合评分法的曲线下面积明显大于骨显像（z=2．866,P=0．004）和PET／CT（z=2．027,P=0．043）各自单独评分法,骨显像和PET／CT法曲线下面积差异没有统计学意义（z=0．881,P=0．378）。最佳阈值点下,骨显像和PET／CT单独检出骨转移患者的灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为90．2％（55／61）、85．1％（200／235）、86．1％（255／296）、61．1％（55／90）、97．1％（200／206）和88．5％（54／61）、97．0％（228／235）、95．3％（282／296）、88．5％（54／61）、97．0％（228／235）,而联合评分检出的结果分别为98．4％（60／61）、95．7％（225／235）、96．3％（285／296）、85．7％（60／70）、99．6％（225／226）。PET／CT对骨转移患者检出的特异性（X2=19．600,P〈0．001）、准确性（X2=13．755,P〈0．001）、阳性预测值（x2=13．608,P〈0．001）均高于骨显像,灵敏度（r=0,P=1．000）差异无统计学意义;与骨显像、PET／CT单独评分比较,联合评分法检出的特异性（X2=19．862,P〈0．001）、准确性（x2=23．361,P〈0．001）和阳性预测值（x2=11．791,P=0．001）均明显高于骨显像,灵敏度明显高于PET／CT（x2=4．167,P=0．031）。结论18F—FDGPET／CT对骨转移患者的检出效能优于99Tcm—MDP骨显像,二者联合明显提高了对骨转移患者的检出率。     

多层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像质量及对冠状动脉病变诊断准确性的评价

目的探讨64层螺旋CT（MDCT）冠状动脉成像的图像质量及诊断冠状动脉病变的准确性。方法105例患者（包括高心率、冠状动脉钙化及肥胖病例，但除外房颤病例）作MDCT冠状动脉成像，并与常规冠状动脉造影对照。分析MDCT图像质量及对冠状动脉病灶的显示情况。结果每例均对冠状动脉的13个节段进行分析（共1365个节段）。1144个节段能满足管腔评价，221个节段因钙化严重（153个节段）或运动伪影（68个节段）无法满足管腔评价。105例中钙化积分中位数为154（范围0～1983）；87例钙化积分〈1000，中位数105（范围0～994）；18例钙化积分≥1000，中位数1477（范围1115-1983）。MDCT发现≥50％狭窄总的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为85．7％、97．9％、93．0％、95．5％。当评价局限在钙化积分〈1000的患者时，MDCT发现≥50％狭窄的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为96．0％、98．9％、95．3％、99．0％。临床正确诊断率（发现或排除至少1个有意义病灶）为92．4％（97／105）。结论对非选择性病例，MDCT可提供高诊断准确性的冠状动脉图像。     

^18F-FDG PET-CT在淋巴瘤分期及疗效评价中的应用研究

目的探讨^18氟-氟代脱氧葡萄糖（^18F-FDG）PET—CT在淋巴瘤分期及疗效评价中的临床应用价值。方法回顾分析28例淋巴瘤患者（HL6例，NHL22例）在治疗前后进行^18F—FDG PET—CT对比检查的结果，并与增强CT及骨髓活检结果进行比较。结果治疗前68处病灶^18F—FDG PET—CT检出67个，检出率为98．5％，其中结内37个全部检出（100％），结外31个检出30个（96．8％）；增强CT则共检出病灶45个（66．2％），其中结内37个检出32个（86．5％），结外31个仅检出13个（41．9％）。6例（21．4％）的分期得到上调并改变了1例（3．6％）的治疗方案。治疗后32处病灶^18F—FDG PET—CT检出29个，检出率为90．6％，其中结内17个检出15个（88．2％），结外15个检出14个（93．3％）；增强CT则共检出病灶18个（56．3％），其中结内17个检出13个（76．5％）．结外15个仅检出5个（33．3％）。治疗后有2例（7．1％）的分期得到上调，8例（28．6％）下调，改变了8例（21．4％）的治疗方案。^18F—FDG PET—CT对淋巴瘤患者治疗前后结内病灶检出率与增强CT相似（P〈0．05），而结外病灶检出率则明显高于增强CT（P〉0．05）。28例中25例^18F—FDG PET—CT与骨髓穿刺结果一致。治疗后^18F—FDG PET—CT对复发的阳性预测值93．8％，阴性预测值为83．3％；增强CT的阳性预测值75％，阴性预测值50％。结论^18F—FDG PET—CT在淋巴瘤分期及疗效评价中具有重要的临床价值．有助于准确分期和残余病变性质的鉴别。     

SPECT／CT对脊柱病变鉴别诊断的价值

目的评价SPECT／CT显像在脊柱病变鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法对53例^99Tc^m-MDP全身骨显像脊柱呈放射性浓聚患者进行SPECT／CT显像,获得SPECT、CT及两者的融合图像。所有病灶均以病理学诊断及6个月以上的影像学随访为最终诊断结果,计算SPECT／CT融合图像的诊断效能。结果SPECT／CT骨显像诊断骨转移肿瘤的灵敏度为96．00％（24／25）,特异性为96．43％（27／28）,准确性为96．23％（51／53）,假阳性率为3．57％（1／28）,假阴性率为4．00％（1／25）,阳性预测值为96．00％（24／25）,阴性预测值为96．43％（27／28）。对脊柱浓聚灶诊断非转移性骨病变的灵敏度为96．43％（27／28）,特异性为96．00％（24／25）,准确性为96．23％（51／53）,假阳性率为4．00％（1／25）,假阴性率为3．57％（1／28）,阳性预测值为96．43％（27／28）,阴性预测值为96．00％（24／25）。结论SPECT／CT同机融合显像结合了CT的解剖定位功能与^99Tc^m-MDP骨显像的高灵敏度,可提高诊断的特异性和准确性,有助于对脊柱病变的鉴别诊断。     

肝硬化背景下肝细胞癌的CT动态增强表现：LI-RADS（2014版）定义征象的出现率

目的：分析肝硬化背景下肝细胞肝癌（HCC）的 CT 动态增强表现,探讨2014版肝脏影像报告及数据系统（LI-RADS）所定义的各种征象在图像中的出现率。方法：2008年12月－2014年8月共51例乙肝肝硬化患者行CT动态增强检查、且经病理证实有54个 HCC病灶。两位阅片者采用盲法独立进行阅片,根据LI-RADS标准,分析所有入组病例的动态增强CT图像,对每个病灶的主要征象（动脉期高强化、＂廓清＂表现、包膜）和次要征象（马赛克征、出血等）进行评估并计算其出现率。通过Kappa检验来分析两位阅片者所评估的各种征象的出现率的一致性。结果：对54个 HCC病灶的动脉期高强化、“廓清”表现和包膜这3个主要征象的出现率,两位阅片者的评估结果分别为：77．8％和75．9％、81．5％和81．5％、14．8％和18．5％,阅片者间的一致性（Kappa值）分别为0．636、0．755和0．468。所有次要征象的出现率均较低,以马赛克征的出现率最高,两位阅片者的评估结果分别为25．9％和11．1％,阅片者间的一致性（Kappa 值）为0．289。结论：基于LI-RADS的诊断标准,动态增强CT图像对乙肝肝硬化背景下的 HCC的主要征象显示较好,阅片者间的一致性较高;但其它征象的出现率较低及／或诊断一致性欠佳。     

18F-FDG SPECT/CT诊断肺癌骨转移的价值:与全身骨显像比较

目的：探讨^18F—FDG SPECT／CT肿瘤代谢显像在诊断肺癌骨转移方面的应用价值。材料和方法：对32例肺癌患者分别进行^18F—FDGSPECT／CT显像和^99Tc^m-MDP全身骨显像，间隔时间不超过2周。其他影像学和临床随访结果为确诊依据，比较两种方法诊断骨转移的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确性。结果：11个病人共48个病灶最终诊断为骨转移。^18F—FDG SPECT／CT诊断11个病人有骨转移^99T^m-MDP全身骨显像诊断10个病人。按病灶分析，FDG和MDP的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确性分别为94％、71％、89％、92％、77％和83％、64％、79％、89％、53％。”F—FDGSPECT／CT的敏感性和准确性优于^99Tc^m-MDP全身骨显像（P〈0.05）。结论：^18F—FDG SPECT／CT显像在诊断肺癌骨转移方面的敏感性和准确性高于^99Tc^m—MDP全身骨显像。     

LI-RADS v2018 MR辅助征象对肝细胞癌的诊断价值研究

目的:分析2018版肝脏影像报告和数据系统(LI-RADS,LR)中辅助征象对LR分类的影响及其对肝细胞癌(HCC)的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析2009-2018年在本院经病理或影像学随访证实并行肝脏MRI增强检查的181例肝脏病变患者的临床、病理和影像资料。共217个肝内病灶,包括HCC146个、非HCC的恶性肿瘤16个和良性病变55个。所有病例的MR图像由3位医师共同读片并达成一致意见。计算并比较仅采用主要征象或主要征象联合辅助征象对HCC的诊断效能及其权重。结果:当以LR-4+LR-5为标准诊断HCC时,采用主要征象联合辅助征象对HCC的诊断效能略高于仅采用主要征象(约登指数0.71 vs.0.62,P=0.013)。在倾向为HCC的辅助征象中,结中结与HCC的相关性最大[诊断比值比(DOR)=4.68,95%CI:1.36~16.08],病灶含脂征象次之(DOR=2.93,95%CI:1.41~6.06)。在倾向恶性非HCC特异的辅助征象中,扩散受限(DOR=8.81,95%CI:4.13~18.82)与HCC的相关性最强,T 2WI上轻~中度高信号次之(DOR=8.17;95%CI:3.84~17.39)。结论:在HCC高危患者的MRI诊断中,应用LI-RADS v2018主要征象联合辅助征象有助于提高HCC的诊断效能。     

CT and MRI Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System Version 2018 for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

PurposeThe aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance of the LR-5 category for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the pooled proportion of HCC in each Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) category with CT and MRI, using LI-RADS version 2018.MethodsThe MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched from inception to December 7, 2019, for studies reporting the diagnostic accuracy of LI-RADS version 2018 for HCC. Risk for bias and concerns regarding applicability were assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies–2 tool. Random-effects models were used to determine the summary estimates of the diagnostic performance of LR-5 and the pooled proportion of HCC for each LI-RADS category.ResultsFourteen studies were included in the final analysis, consisting of 2,708 observations with 1,841 HCCs. The pooled per-observation sensitivity and specificity of the LR-5 category for diagnosing HCC were 70% (95% confidence interval [CI], 61%-78%) and 91% (95% CI, 89%-93%), respectively. No HCCs were reported for LR-1 and LR-2. The pooled proportions of HCC were 31% (95% CI, 12%-50%) for LR-3, 64% (95% CI, 47%-80%) for LR-4, 95% (95% CI, 93%-96%) for LR-5, 54% (95% CI, 30%-77%) for LR-TIV, and 33% (95% CI, 21%-46%) for LR-M. The proportions of HCC were significantly different among the LI-RADS categories (P = .022).ConclusionsThe LR-5 category of LI-RADS version 2018 provided moderate sensitivity and high specificity for diagnosing HCC. Higher LI-RADS categories from LR-3 to LR-5 included greater proportions of HCC.     

CT和MRI对乙肝肝硬化背景下肝细胞癌诊断评分的一致性：基于LI-RADS的多中心、个体内对照研究

目的：基于肝脏影像报告和数据系统（LI-RADS）2014版评分系统,探讨CT和 MRI对乙肝肝硬化基础上的肝细胞肝癌（HCC）的诊断价值。方法：本研究为多中心、个体内对照研究,搜集51例（54个 HCC 病灶）经病理证实的慢性乙型肝炎肝硬化合并HCC患者的病例资料,所有患者均行CT和MRI平扫及动态增强扫描（两项检查间隔时间不超过1个月）。由2位不同年资的放射科医师根据LI-RADS标准分别对所有入组病例的动态增强CT、平扫联合动态增强MRI两个阅片单元进行独立盲法读片,每位阅片者每个单元读片结束后需等待至少一个月方能进入下个读片单元。通过Kappa检验对两位阅片者间的评分一致性进行分析。结果：两位阅片者对51例 HCC 患者 CT 图像进行评价,LI-RADS评分分别为4．13±1．10和4．07±1．13,一致性中等（Kappa＝0．550）;而基于平扫联合动态增强 MRI,两位阅片者的LI-RADS评分分别为4．61±0．65和4．31±0．91,一致性一般（Kappa＝0．398）。结论：针对 HCC 病灶,使用LI-RADS进行诊断评分时,动态增强CT的阅片者间一致性较好,优于平扫联合动态增强 MRI。     

LI-RADS Version 2018 Treatment Response Algorithm: Diagnostic Performance after Transarterial Radioembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

ObjectiveTo assess the diagnostic performance of the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) version 2018 treatment response algorithm (TRA) for the evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with transarterial radioembolization.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study included patients who underwent transarterial radioembolization for HCC followed by hepatic surgery between January 2011 and December 2019. The resected lesions were determined to have either complete (100%) or incomplete (< 100%) necrosis based on histopathology. Three radiologists independently reviewed the CT or MR images of pre- and post-treatment lesions and assigned categories based on the LI-RADS version 2018 and the TRA, respectively. Diagnostic performances of LI-RADS treatment response (LR-TR) viable and nonviable categories were assessed for each reader, using histopathology from hepatic surgeries as a reference standard. Inter-reader agreements were evaluated using Fleiss κ.ResultsA total of 27 patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 55.9 ± 9.1 years; 24 male) with 34 lesions (15 with complete necrosis and 19 with incomplete necrosis on histopathology) were included. To predict complete necrosis, the LR-TR nonviable category had a sensitivity of 73.3–80.0% and a specificity of 78.9–89.5%. For predicting incomplete necrosis, the LR-TR viable category had a sensitivity of 73.7–79.0% and a specificity of 93.3–100%. Five (14.7%) of 34 treated lesions were categorized as LR-TR equivocal by consensus, with two of the five lesions demonstrating incomplete necrosis. Inter-reader agreement for the LR-TR category was 0.81 (95% confidence interval: 0.66–0.96).ConclusionThe LI-RADS version 2018 TRA can be used to predict the histopathologic viability of HCCs treated with transarterial radioembolization.     

Small hypervascular enhancing lesions on arterial phase images of multiphase dynamic computed tomography in cirrhotic liver: fate and implications

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine the significance of small hypervascular enhancing lesions exclusively on the arterial phase images of dynamic computed tomography in cirrhotic liver. METHODS: One hundred sixty-nine enhancing lesions (>5 and <30 mm) on the arterial phase images of dynamic computed tomography in 67 patients with cirrhotic liver, not distinguished from background hepatic parenchyma on equilibrium phase images without hypoattenuation density on portal phase images, were subjected to a retrospective assessment in terms of the lesion growth in addition to the location, size, and contour of the lesions, depending on the final diagnoses of the individual lesions. RESULTS: Twenty-eight (17%) of the 169 enhancing lesions were hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). All of the 43 wedge-shaped, subcapsular lesions were benign, and 126 nodular or irregular lesions were subcapsularly (benign, n = 59; HCC, n = 11) or centrally (benign, n = 39; HCC, n = 17) located. Significant differences were found between HCCs and benign lesions in terms of their shape (P = 0.002) and location (P = 0.041), and the positive and negative predictive values of centrally located lesions for diagnosing HCCs were 21% and 85%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values for the diagnosis of HCC based on the lesion growth were 90% and 93%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Because of the low positive predictive value of non-wedge-shaped, centrally located, early enhancing lesions in the diagnosis of HCC, the serial follow-up for examining lesion growth is essential to the correct diagnosis of small arterial hypervascular lesions in cirrhotic liver.     

乳腺影像报告与数据系统在鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性肿瘤中的应用价值

目的评价乳腺影像报告与数据系统(BI-RADS)在乳腺良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断中的应用价值.资料与方法根据 BI-RADS 规范,分析202例患者共234个肿瘤的形态、方向、边缘、边界、内部回声、后方回声及钙化情况,并将病灶定义为3级(可能良性)、4级(可能恶性)和5级(高度可疑恶性).计算每个病灶特征的阳性预测值与阴性预测值,分析影响诊断的因素.结果?49个(20.9%)为 BI-RADS 3级,47个(20.1%)为 BI-RADS 4级,138个(59.0%)为 BI-RADS 5级,BI-RADS 3级对乳腺肿瘤的阴性预测值为98.0%(48/49),BI-RADS 4级与5级对乳腺肿瘤的阳性预测值分别为34.0%(16/47)和92.8%(128/138).BI-RADS 对乳腺恶性肿瘤的诊断敏感性为99.3%,特异性为53.9%,阳性预测值为77.8%,阴性预测值为98.0%.对恶性肿瘤的诊断有较高阳性预测值的超声特征包括不完整的边缘(100.0%)、微钙化(100.0%)、不清晰的边界(97.3%)、后方回声衰减(97.0%);对良性肿瘤的诊断有较高阳性预测值的超声特征包括后方回声增强(100.0%)、形态规则(98.0%)、病灶方向平行于皮肤长轴(98.0%)、边缘完整(98.0%)、边界清晰(98.0%)与无钙化(98.0%).结论 BI-RADS 可帮助分析影响诊断的因素,有助于乳腺良恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断.     

Should Threshold Growth Be Considered a Major Feature in the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using LI-RADS?

ObjectiveBased on the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2018 (LI-RADS, v2018), this study aimed to analyze LR-5 diagnostic performance for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) when threshold growth as a major feature is replaced by a more HCC-specific ancillary feature, as well as the frequency of threshold growth in HCC and non-HCC malignancies and its association with tumor size.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study included treatment-naive patients who underwent gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRIs for focal hepatic lesions and surgery between January 2009 and December 2016. The frequency of major and ancillary features was evaluated for HCC and non-HCC malignancies, and the LR-category was assessed. Ancillary features that were significantly more prevalent in HCC were then used to either replace threshold growth or were added as additional major features, and the diagnostic performance of the readjusted LR category was compared to the LI-RADS v2018.ResultsA total of 1013 observations were analyzed. Unlike arterial phase hyperenhancement, washout, or enhancing capsule which were more prevalent in HCCs than in non-HCC malignancies (521/616 vs. 18/58, 489/616 vs. 19/58, and 181/616 vs. 5/58, respectively; p < 0.001), threshold growth was more prevalent in non-HCC malignancies than in HCCs (11/23 vs. 17/119; p < 0.001). The mean size of non-HCC malignancies showing threshold growth was significantly smaller than that of non-HCC malignancies without threshold growth (22.2 mm vs. 42.9 mm, p = 0.040). Similar results were found for HCCs; however, the difference was not significant (26.8 mm vs. 33.1 mm, p = 0.184). Additionally, Fat-in-nodule was more frequent in HCCs than in non-HCC malignancies (99/616 vs. 2/58, p = 0.010). When threshold growth and fat-in-nodule were considered as ancillary and major features, respectively, LR-5 sensitivity (73.2% vs. 73.9%, p = 0.289) and specificity (98.2% vs. 98.5%, p > 0.999) were comparable to the LI-RADS v2018.ConclusionThreshold growth is not a significant diagnostic indicator of HCC and is more common in non-HCC malignancies. The diagnostic performance of LR-5 was comparable when threshold growth was recategorized as an ancillary feature and replaced by a more HCC-specific ancillary feature.     

11C-胆碱显像在18F—FDG显像诊断不明确肝占位病变患者中的应用

目的研究11C-胆碱PET／CT显像在18F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）PET／CT显像诊断不明确的肝占位病变中的应用价值。方法对18F—FDGPET／CT诊断不明确的20例患者共25个肝占位病变,行肝局部11C-胆碱PET／CT显像。病灶处出现11C-胆碱局限性摄取增高者考虑为阳性。将最大标准摄取值（SUVmax）和靶／肝放射性（T／L）比值作为半定量分析指标。采用SPSS11．5软件,行Mann-Whitney和Kruskal—Wallis秩和检验及,检验。结果25个肝占位性病变中,21个为肝细胞癌,3个为血管瘤,1个为霉菌性肉芽肿。11c-胆碱显像对肝细胞癌灶的阳性检测率为66．7％（14／21）。11c-胆碱显像对高分化肝细胞癌的阳性检测率高于对中、低分化肝细胞癌（8／9和2／5）。肝癌阳性组、阴性组和良性病变组的T／L比值差异有统计学意义（1．70±0．35,0．86±0．15和0．36±0．18,X^2=19．00,P〈0．01）。肝癌阳性组和阴性组间的病灶大小和甲胎蛋白（AFP）水平差异无统计学意义（Mann—Whitney U=39．00,P〉0．05和U=16．00,P〉0．05）。结论11C-胆碱PET／CT能在较大程度上弥补18F—FDGPET／CT对肝细胞癌检测的不足,其更适合检测高分化肝细胞癌。