带形蜈蚣藻营养品质的分析和评价

<正>带形蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia turuturu),属红藻门(Rhodophyta)隐丝藻目(Cryptonemiales)海膜科(Halymeniaceae)蜈蚣藻属(Grateloupia)植物[1],藻体紫红色,片状,膜质,边缘光滑无皱褶,生长在低潮带附近岩石和养殖架上,在我国广泛分布于渤海、黄海及浙江沿海地区[2]。蜈蚣藻属植物含有大量的多糖,可作为提取琼胶的     

饮用水中微囊藻毒素去除效果研究

目的 探讨高效、经济、可行的去除饮用水中藻毒素的水处理方法.方法 采用烧杯试验,研究不同水处理工艺[混凝沉淀(液态聚合氯化铝、固态聚合氯化铝、聚合硫酸铁、聚丙烯酰胺),氧化(高锰酸钾、二氧化氯、臭氧),吸附(粉末活性炭)]对微囊藻毒素的去除效果,并进行工艺优化组合和验证;藻毒素的检测采用酶联免疫法(ELISA).结果 混凝沉淀可少量去除水中微囊藻毒素(去除率为4.3%～29.7%),臭氧等氧化剂预处理工艺与混凝沉淀工艺组合后,对微囊藻毒素的去除率提高,达83.3%～91.9%;成本效益分析表明,所选臭氧预处理工艺及"氧化剂 吸附剂"预处理工艺使每吨水处理成本仅增加0.03～0.14元.结论 在常规水处理基础上进行臭氧、高锰酸钾氧化、二氧化氯、粉末活性炭等预处理,能较好地去除微囊藻毒素,且经济可行.     

急救气管插管的配合及护理体会

1 抢救器械、物品的准备与保养1.1 抢救器械、物品的准备 气管插管(根据年龄选择大小),喉镜,气管插管管芯,牙垫,加压给氧气囊,各种接头,电插销盘,四条不同规格大小的胶布(其一长3～3.5 cm,宽0.6～0.8 cm;其二长11～13 cm,宽1.5 cm;另两条大小相等的长30～35 cm,宽1.5 cm),两个带益无菌缸标明吸痰前、后,另备两个盛等渗盐水的无菌缸,其一内备有气管外吸痰管,常规备抢救车。     

藻类食品（下）

褐藻 海洋中生长的海带、裙带菜是人们所熟知的食用海藻．较少食用或用作药物的还有昆布、马尾藻、羊栖菜、萱藻和鹅肠菜等。我国是世界上生产海带最多的国家，自1993年以来，干品产量已逾60万吨／年。     

生长激素促生长作用疗效观察

本文对14例身材矮小患儿用基因重组生长激素(rGH)进行治疗,疗程6～15(x=7.82)个月,比较其治疗前和治疗时的生长速度(GV),结果显示:3例非生长激素缺乏性矮小患儿治疗后 GV平均值由 2.77cm/年增加至 6.67cm/年;8例 GH缺乏症患儿由 2.31cm/年增加至13.28cm/年;3例GH刺激试验反应正常的矮小患儿由3.13cm/年增加至12.67cm/年,差异有显著性(P<0.01),肯定了rGH的疗效。     

35～45岁女性子宫肌瘤切除术后复发因素的探讨

目的:探讨35～45岁年龄段子宫肌瘤患者行肌瘤切除术后的复发因素。方法:回顾性研究2005年3月～2010年5月137例35～45岁年龄段子宫肌瘤患者的临床资料,分析患者术后复发的相关因素。结果:137例子宫肌瘤患者术后复发49例,复发率35.77%,复发距手术时间平均为(21.6±2.4)个月。35～40岁患者复发率高于40～45岁患者(P<0.05),多发肌瘤患者复发率高于单发肌瘤患者(P<0.05),肌瘤≥10 cm患者复发率高于肌瘤<10cm患者(P<0.05),腹腔镜手术患者复发率高于经腹手术患者(P<0.05),术后妊娠患者复发率高于术后无妊娠患者(P<0.05)。结论:35～45岁年龄段子宫肌瘤患者术后复发与其年龄、肌瘤数、肌瘤大小、手术方式及术后妊娠具有相关性。     

让婚姻保留一份危机感

出差路过大学时的好友萱现在生活的城市,给她挂了一个电话。电话里,萱的情绪似乎很低落。问及原因,萱说她快要离婚了,是她丈夫康提出来的,因为康又爱上了另外一个女人。我大吃一惊,在大学里,萱和康是最令人羡慕的才子佳人组合,当初还是康花了好大一番气力才把萱追到手的,现在怎么说变心就变心了呢？     

奇异变形杆菌败血症2例

例1:女,6个月。自生后1个月开始腹泻, 黄色稀便;5个月后腹泻加重,为脓血便,食欲极差,身体逐渐消瘦。于1980年8月8日来院就诊,查体:T37.2℃,体重4kg,面色苍白,肝肋下5cm,剑下6cm,脾肋下3.5cm。大便镜检(-),尿多次检查,蛋白( ),镜检上皮细胞1～2个,脓球0～2个,红细胞0～1个,细粒管型0～1个/HP。血红蛋白90g/L,红细胞3.4     

长茎葡萄蕨藻和冈村蕨藻的营养成分分析及评价

正长茎葡萄蕨藻(Caulerpa lentillifera)和冈村蕨藻(Caulerpa okamurae),均隶属绿藻门(chlorophyta)、蕨藻科(caulerpaceae)、蕨藻属(Caulerpa),分布于中国南海、东南亚的菲律宾、马来西亚、印尼、日本冲绳、台湾,大洋洲等热带、亚热带海域[1-3]。近年来,我国福建、海南沿海地区先后从日本、韩国和越南等地陆续     

阿法骨化醇联合维生素D治疗绝经后骨质疏松症患者的效果观察

目的 观察阿法骨化醇联合维生素D治疗绝经后骨质疏松症(PMOP)患者的效果,分析对患者骨代谢的影响。方法 选择2019年2月—2020年2月湖州市第一人民医院收治的80例PMOP患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组,每组各40例患者。两组患者均采取钙剂、性激素补充剂等常规治疗,在此基础上,对照组患者采取维生素D治疗,观察组患者采取阿法骨化醇联合维生素D治疗。治疗3个月时,比较两组患者的临床疗效。在治疗前和治疗3个月时,比较两组患者左侧股骨、L2～4腰椎正位处骨密度及两组骨代谢指标[Ⅰ型胶原交联氨基端肽(NTXⅠ)、Ⅰ型胶原交联羟基端肽(CTXⅠ)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRACP5b)、骨钙素(BGP)]。记录两组患者治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果 治疗3个月,观察组显效29例(72.50%),有效9例(22.50%),无效2例(5.00%),总有效率为95.00%(38例),对照组显效20例(50.00%),有效11例(27.50%),无效9例(22.50%),总有效率为77.50%(31例),观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组NTXⅠ、CTXⅠ、TRACP5b、BGP比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);治疗3个月,两组NTXⅠ、CTXⅠ、TRACP5b、BGP均低于治疗前,且观察组均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。治疗前和治疗3个月,观察组左侧股骨骨密度分别为(0.87±0.09)g/cm和(0.98±0.09)g/cm, L2～4腰椎正位处骨密度分别为(0.89±0.11)g/cm和(0.99±0.10)g/cm,对照组左侧股骨骨密度分别为(0.86±0.08)g/cm和(0.91±0.10)g/cm, L2～4腰椎正位处骨密度分别为(0.88±0.09)g/cm和(0.93±0.07)g/cm。治疗前,两组左侧股骨、L2～4腰椎正位处骨密度比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);治疗3个月,两组左侧股骨、L2～4腰椎正位处骨密度均高于治疗前,且观察组左侧股骨、L2～4腰椎正位处骨密度均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。治疗期间,观察组腹胀1例(2.50%),便秘2例(5.00%),不良反应发生率为7.50%(3例),对照组腹泻1例(2.50%),便秘1例(2.50%),不良反应发生率为5.00%(2例),两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 阿法骨化醇联合维生素D治疗PMOP患者的疗效确切,可有效提高患者骨密度,改善骨代谢水平。     

长春新碱过量引起严重毒副反应1例的护理体会

报道1例霍奇金淋巴瘤患者因误用长春新碱（VCR）10mg一次性静脉推注后治疗护理情况。其出现间断性神志恍惚、眼睑闭合不全、言语不清、口腔黏膜糜烂、全身疼痛、麻痹性肠梗阻、尿潴留、手足麻木等症状,经积极解救,禁食,持续胃肠减压、胃管内注入麻油、开塞露、生理盐水灌肠,合理应用肠外营养,注重疼痛、心理护理,做好口腔、肛周护理,预防感染加重,患者病情得到控制好转出院。     

Correlates of stages of change of smoking among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods

BACKGROUND: This study examines the prevalence and correlates of stages of change of smoking, in terms of psychosocial, structural and sociodemographic factors, among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were obtained from a survey on health related behaviour. Subjects were 2009 current and former smokers, aged 20-46, living in deprived neighbourhoods in Rotterdam, the second largest city in the Netherlands. Three groups of smokers were formed according to the stages of change-definitions of the Transtheoretical Model: smokers not planning to quit (precontemplators), smokers planning to quit (contemplators/preparators) and former smokers (actors/maintainers). Smokers planning to quit and smokers not planning to quit were compared regarding psychosocial factors (attitude, social norm, self-efficacy), structural factors (neighbourhood problems, material deprivation, financial problems, employment status) and sociodemographic factors (age, gender, marital status, cultural background, educational level). Former smokers were compared with smokers planning to quit regarding structural and sociodemographic factors. Logistic regression was used to assess correlates of stages of change. RESULTS: Smokers planning to quit (prevalence = 19%) reported a more positive attitude, stronger social norms and higher self-efficacy expectations in quitting smoking than smokers not planning to quit (prevalence = 57%). Smokers planning to quit less often were Dutch-born, more often had attended higher vocational schooling or university and more often reported experiencing two or more neighbourhood problems compared to smokers not planning to quit. Former smokers (prevalence = 24%) were older, more often Dutch-born, married, employed and higher educated, compared to smokers planning to quit. Furthermore, former smokers less often reported material deprivation and financial problems than smokers planning to quit. CONCLUSION: Among people living in deprived neighbourhoods, different factors correlate with different stages of change of smoking. Implications for health promotion are discussed.     

Choice of measures of vaccination and estimates of risk of pediatric pertussis

BackgroundVaccination uptake at the individual level can be assessed in a variety of ways, including traditional measures of being up-to-date (UTD), measures of UTD that consider dose timing, like age-appropriate vaccination, and risk reduction from individual doses. This analysis compared methods of operationalizing vaccination uptake and corresponding risk of pertussis infection.MethodsCity-wide case-control study of children in Philadelphia aged 3 months through 6 years, between 2001 and 2013. Multiple logistic regression was used to isolate the independent effects of each measure of vaccination uptake and the corresponding relative odds of pertussis.ResultsBeing UTD on vaccinations was associated with a 52% reduction in risk of pertussis (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.69). Evaluation of delayed receipt of vaccine versus on-time UTD yielded similar results. There was a decrease in risk of pertussis for each additional dose received with the greatest reduction in pertussis infection observed from the first (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.83) and second dose (OR 0.17, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.34). Additional doses conferred minimal additional protection in this age group.ConclusionExamining vaccination status by individual doses may offer improved predictive capacity for identifying children at risk for pertussis infection compared to the traditional UTD measure.     

两种不同肌瘤剔除术治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效比较

目的:比较腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与腹式子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析63例腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与61例腹式子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床资料,比较2种手术方式的手术时间、术中出血量、肛门排气时间、使用抗生素时间、术后感染率、体温恢复正常时间、住院时间等情况。结果:两组患者接受子宫肌瘤剔除术顺利完成,腹腔镜组手术时间长于开腹组(P0.05),腹腔镜组术中出血量及剔除肌瘤个数均少于开腹组(P0.05),术后腹腔镜组体温恢复正常时间、肛门排气时间、抗生素使用及住院时间均短于开腹组,两组患者最多随访6个月,腹腔镜组平均康复时间较开腹组短(P0.05),两组随访B超均未发现明显肌瘤结节。结论:腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术损伤小,恢复快,住院时间短,是值得推广的微创手术。     

上海市某医院骨科平均住院日影响因素分析

对上海市某医院2003年-2007年骨科出院病人的住院日描述性分析．2003年-2007年骨科的床位利用指数与平均住院日相关性分析．2003年-2007年骨科床位与医护比例分析．2007年骨科前10大病种平均住院目影响因素分别进行单因素相关性分析和多因素逐步回归分析（STATA软件）。通过对骨科10大病种住院日影响因素分析,术前等待天数、手术类型、是否输血分别对10个、9个和8个病种的住院目有影响。输血因素和手术类型是医院不可控、由病人的病情决定的,术前等待天数是管理因素,是最值得医院重视的影响因素。     

性发育异常发病机制的研究进展

正常的性腺分化可分为3个过程：原始性腺形成、性别决定和卵巢/睾丸发育。在任一环节中,基因表达或调控发生异常均有可能导致性发育异常疾病的发生。性发育异常是指染色体、性腺和解剖性别不典型。随着分子生物学技术的发展,不断地发现新的基因或信号通路参与性腺分化和发育,如SRY、SF1、WT1、Sox9等基因与睾丸发育密切相关,Wnt/Rspo1/B连环蛋白通路、Dax1、Foxl2等基因在卵巢分化中发挥着重要作用,一些非编码RNA和转化生长因子也有重要的调节功能,且睾丸和卵巢发育均为主动过程,即使在出生后因某些基因的改变两者间也可出现横向分化。这些为揭示性分化异常的发病机制提供了可能。     

尘肺病患者145例死因调查

目的分析汉中市尘肺病的发生、发展和死亡原因，以提高尘肺病患者的生存质量。方法对145例尘肺病患者的死因进行回顾性分析，计算其平均发病年龄、死亡年龄及患尘肺病后的存活年限。结果矽肺的平均发病年龄和死亡年龄均早于煤工尘肺和石棉肺，尘肺病的主要死因为患肺部疾患，患尘肺病后的平均存活年限为12a。结论加强职业健康体检工作，对尘肺病人做到早发现早治疗和预防并发症的发生。     

One-year stability of the Measure of Processes of Care

BACKGROUND: The Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC) is a 56-item self-administered measure designed to examine what parents of a child with a chronic health problem think of the services they and their child receive, and to measure the extent to which these services are family-centred. Reliability and validity of the MPOC were established in prior studies. The aim of the present study was to assess the 1-year stability of the MPOC to justify its use as an evaluative tool. METHODS: Nine paediatric rehabilitation centres in the Netherlands participated in this short longitudinal survey study. Subjects were 205 parents (response rate 74.8%) of children aged 1-18 years who received care in one of the participating paediatric rehabilitation centres. All subjects filled out two MPOCs with a 1-year interval. RESULTS: All correlations between the scale scores of the MPOC at the first and second administration were relatively high and significant (range: 0.443-0.609, all P < 0.001), demonstrating high inter-individual stability. However, all mean scale scores, except for Providing General Information, significantly reduced after 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: The MPOC has a moderate 1-year stability. However, because of its tendency to score lower when repeated after 1 year, its use as an evaluative follow-up instrument to assess the effectiveness of a programme intervention is restricted.     

儿童皮质发育畸形的MRI诊断

目的探讨儿童皮质发育畸形(MCD)的MRI表现特点,为MCD的早期诊断提供依据。 方法选择2010年1月至2012年12月在四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院放射科经MRI检查确诊为MCD的44例患儿为研究对象。回顾性分析及总结其MRI影像学特征。本研究遵循的程序符合四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院人体试验委员会制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准,征得受试对象及其监护人知情同意,并与监护人签署临床研究知情同意书。 结果本组44例经MRI确诊为MCD患儿中,巨脑回-无脑回为17例,多小脑回为14例,灰质异位为9例,脑裂畸形为4例。MCD的MRI特点中,巨脑回表现为脑回增宽、皮质增厚及白质变薄;无脑回表现为正常脑沟、脑回消失,皮质增厚及白质变薄;多小脑回表现为脑回增多、细小;灰质异位表现为皮质下及侧脑室周围深部白质区结节状、团块状或带状病灶,信号与灰质信号相同;脑裂畸形表现为从侧脑室到脑表面贯穿大脑半球的裂隙,表面覆盖灰质。 结论MRI是诊断儿童MCD的可靠影像学方法。     

244株真菌鉴定结果分析

目的 了解某院2000～2001年各类真菌的检出率。方法 用酵母样真菌同化试验编码鉴定板TH-15进行编码鉴定。结果 真菌分离率为8．85％；244株真菌分为10种，其中以白色念珠菌和热带念珠菌较高，分别占真菌总数的75．41％和11．47％；检出真菌的主要标本是痰和阴道分泌物。结论 及时进行真菌培养，有利于合理使用抗菌药物和控制真菌感染。