螺旋CT对亚段以上肺栓塞的诊断价值

目的：评价螺旋CT在诊断亚段以上肺栓塞(PE)中的价值。资料与方法：对25例因临床高度疑诊PE而行螺旋CT肺动脉造影的患者，回顾分析其螺旋CT肺动脉造影的影像学表现，并进行统计学分析。结果：螺旋CT肺动脉造影对亚段肺动脉的显示率达76．8％，检出PE阳性20例，阴性5例，其中真阳性19例，假阳性1例，真阴性3例，假阴性2例。直接征象包括血管腔完全闭塞、部分充盈缺损、轨道征和附壁血栓；间接征象有局部肺纹理稀疏纤细、右室增大或肺动脉扩张、“马赛克”征、胸腔积液或心包积液、肺梗死灶。螺旋CT诊断亚段以上PE的敏感性为90．5％，特异性为75．0％，准确性为88．0％，阳性预测值为95．0％，阴性预测值为60．0％。结论：螺旋CT诊断PE简便、安全、准确性高，是诊断亚段以上PE的一种可靠方法。     

非对比增强CT对临床疑诊急性阑尾炎的诊断准确性（附74例分析）

目的评价非对比增强CT对1临床疑诊急性阑尾炎的诊断准确性。方法74例临床疑诊急性阑尾炎患者均经非对比增强的腹盆部（从L1椎体水平至耻骨联合上缘）螺旋CcT扫描。用于诊断急性阑尾炎的标准为阑尾直径大于6mm和阑尾周围脂肪的炎性改变。最终的CT诊断经手术或临床随访证实。结果74例临床疑诊急性阑尾炎患者中,CT诊断25例真阳性,42例真阴性,4例假阴性和3例假阳性,敏感性为86．2％,特异性为93．3％,准确性为90．5％,阳性预测值为89．3％,阴性预测值为91．3％。结论非对比增强CT对诊断或排除急性阑尾炎具有较高的准确性,并能大幅度地降低阴性阑尾的切除率和不必要的延期观察。     

非增强螺旋CT扫描对急性阑尾炎的诊断价值

目的 评价非增强螺旋CT扫描对急性阑尾炎的诊断价值。资料与方法 对115例临床怀疑急性阑尾炎患者作非增强螺旋CT扫描，不口服或结肠内灌注对比剂，层厚10mm，Pitch1，扫描范围从L3椎体至耻骨联合。CT诊断急性阑尾炎的标准包括阑尾增粗横径超过6mm，或阑尾结石同时伴有阑尾周围的炎性改变。CT诊断结果与手术、病理或临床随访结果进行对照。结果 CT发现56例真阳性，49例真阴性，7例假阴性和3例假阳性。CT诊断急性阑尾炎的敏感性为89％，特异性为94％，准确性为91％，阳性预测值为95％，阴性预测值为88％。49例无阑尾炎患者中，CT发现其他病变22例(45％)。结论 非增强螺旋CT扫描，能快速、准确地诊断有无急性阑尾炎，而且还能发现除阑尾炎以外的其他各种病变。     

CT对急性阑尾炎的诊断价值

目的 评价CT扫描对急性阑尾炎的诊断价值：方法对临床怀疑急性阑尾炎患者48例均做CT平扫，层厚10mm、间距10mm，扫描范围从腰3椎体至耻骨联合。CT诊断急性阑尾炎的标准包括阑尾增粗横径超过6mm，阑尾结石伴阑尾周围炎性改变；CT诊断结果与手术病理结果进行对照。结果CT检查发现29例真阳性，15例真阴性，3例假阴性和1例假阳性。CT诊断急性阑尾炎的敏感性为90％，特异性为96％，准确性为9l％，阳性预测值93％，阴眭预测值为83％。15例无阑尾炎患者、CT发现其他病变11例（73％）。结论CT对急性阑尾炎诊断具有高度的敏感性、特异性和准确性。对真阴性患者可发现其他各种病变。     

疑急性阑尾炎螺旋CT平扫对连续300例病人的诊断

疑急性阑尾炎螺旋ＣＴ平扫对连续300例病人的诊断。对300例被怀疑急性阑尾炎的患者,进行螺旋ＣＴ薄层扫描,由上腹部至耻骨联合,单次憋气,5ｍｍ准直器,ｐｉｔｃｈ为1.6,新有病例均未口服、静脉或直肠灌注造影剂。诊断急性阑尾炎的标准包括阑尾肿大(>6ｍｍ)和阑尾周围炎症,ＣＴ诊断被记录,最终诊断由外科或/和临床随诊确定。结果　300例病人中有110例真阳性,181例真阴性(其中63例已正确地建立替代诊断),5例假阴性,4例假阳性。敏感度96%,特异度99%,准确度97%。结论　螺旋ＣＴ平扫对诊断或排除急性阑尾炎有很高的准确性。诊断准确度今后还可望改…     

低剂量多层螺旋CT在急腹症中的初步应用

目的探讨低剂量多层螺旋CT(MSCT)扫描技术在急腹症中的应用价值。资料与方法对53例可疑急腹症患者行腹部KUB平片和腹部低剂量MSCT扫描,分析KUB平片和低剂量MSCT对急腹症诊断的敏感性、特异性和准确性,对比分析两种方法检查结果(χ2检验)。记录并比较低剂量与常规剂量的CT剂量指数(CTDI)。结果KUB阳性27例,阴性26例,其中30例与临床最后诊断相符,23例不符,检出率为56.60%,其敏感性为54.8%,特异性63.6%,准确性56.6%;低剂量MSCT扫描阳性41例,阴性12例,其中48例与临床最后诊断相符,5例不符,检出率为90.57%,其敏感性为88.9%,特异性87.5%,准确性88.7%。两种方法对急腹症的检出率有显著性差异(χ2=7.7,P<0.01)。本组低剂量与常规剂量扫描的CTDI平均值分别为4.8mGy和27.22mGy。结论低剂量MSCT较KUB平片敏感、准确,也是急腹症安全的影像学检查方法。     

64层螺旋CT多平面及曲面重组在急性阑尾炎诊断中的价值

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT多平面及曲面重组(MPR/CPR)技术在急性阑尾炎诊断中的临床应用价值.方法 收集本院临床拟诊急性阑尾炎的病例200例,术前均采用64层螺旋CT行常规扫描及多平面及曲面重组(MPR/CPR),其中30例加CT增强扫描,总结分析其CT表现,并将CT诊断结果与手术病理结果作对照.结果 在200例患者中,CT诊断急性阑尾炎173例,假阳性3例,假阴性8例,其CT表现为阑尾肿大,阑尾结石,阑尾周围炎,阑尾脓肿,阑尾穿孔,腹膜炎及小肠梗阻.常规扫描诊断急性阑尾炎的准确度为62.5%,敏感度60.6%,特异度76.0%,阳性预测值94.6%,阴性预测值21.6%,而结合MPR/CPR诊断急性阑尾炎的准确度为94.5%,敏感度95.5%,特异度86.4%,阳性预测值98.3%,阴性预测值70.4%.结论 64层螺旋CT结合MPR/CPR能使急性阑尾炎的诊断准确性明显提高.     

浅谈螺旋CT对儿童阑尾炎的诊断价值

目的：评价螺旋CT对儿童阑尾炎的诊断价值大小以及探讨螺旋CT对此病鉴别诊断的可行性。方法：回顾性分析了临床疑诊为儿童阑尾炎的77例病历，将螺旋CT诊断结果与手术病理结果进行比较。结果：35例经螺旋CT检查确诊的阑尾炎患儿中，有6例假阳性。42例螺旋CT诊断为非阑尾炎的患儿中，有3例是假阴性。CT诊断敏感性达91％，特异性达86％。结论：螺旋CT对儿童阑尾炎的诊断无论是敏感性还是特异性都较高，值得推广。     

肺癌脊椎骨转移（18）F-FDG PET/CT与MRI的对比分析

目的：比较分析18 F-FDG PET/CT与MRI在肺癌脊椎骨转移诊断方面的敏感性、特异性。方法：28例肺癌PET/CT疑脊椎转移患者行MRI检查,比较两种方法对脊椎转移的显示征象。统计学方法采用配对四格表资料2检验,P〈0.05被认为差异有显著性。结果：经病理或随访确诊脊椎骨转移22例。以受累椎体病灶个数为统计单位,脊椎范围内共700个椎体,153个为真阳性,574个为真阴性。PET/CT诊断正确143个病灶,假阴性10个,假阳性24个,其敏感性93.4%,特异性95.6%。MRI诊断正确145个病灶,假阴性8个,无假阳性,其敏感性94.7%,特异性100%。结论：在显示脊椎骨转移方面,MRI较PET/CT具有更高的敏感性、特异性。     

PET/CT显像在宫颈癌原发灶诊断及盆腔淋巴结分期的价值

目的:评价18F-FDG PET/CT显像在诊断宫颈癌原发灶及盆腔淋巴结分期中的临床应用价值.方法:回顾性分析58例患者在手术前PET/CT显像结果,所有恶性肿瘤患者均经手术治疗并行盆腔淋巴结清扫,良性患者经病理及组织学证实,将PET/CT显像结果与病理结果进行对比分析.结果:58例患者中,有28例为宫颈癌,PET/CT显像真阳性24例,真阴性28例,假阴性4例,假阳性2例,与病理结果对比,PET/CT诊断宫颈癌准确率、灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为87.9%、85.7%、90%、92.3%、84.3%.28例恶性肿瘤患者,手术共取出盆腔大小不同淋巴结162枚,其中转移淋巴结35枚,与病理和随访结果对比,PET/CT诊断真阳性29枚,假阳性10枚,其诊断的准确率、灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为90.1%、82.9%、92.1%;74.4%、95.1%.结论:PET/CT显像对诊断宫颈癌原发灶与盆腔淋巴结转移的准确率高.     

急腹症的CT诊断

目的：评价CT对急腹症的诊断价值．材料和方法：对60例急腹症病人的急诊CT进行回顾性分析，并对他们的初步临床诊断、CT诊断及最终诊断作对比研究。结果：初步临床诊断符合最终诊断者仅21例(35％)，但CT的定位和定性正确诊断率则分别为100%和90%。许多病人CT检查前临床表现不典型．而CT表现却十分明显和具特征性，从而CT诊断常令人感到意外。结论：急腹症病人的临床定位体征及症状有时可能误导，而CT对这些病人的诊断能起重要作用，因此CT可作为这些病人诊断的首选方法。由于CT检查费用相对昂贵，因此根据本分析结果，提出了对急腹症病人合理应用CT的意见。     

64层螺旋CT在肠道急腹症病因诊断中的价值

目的：探讨64层螺旋CT在肠道急腹症病因诊断中价值。方法：对46例经手术或临床证实的肠道急腹症病例资料行64层螺旋CT平扫加增强扫描,并进行回顾性分析。主要重组方法为多平面重组（MPR）、最大密度投影（MIP）及容积再现（VR）。结果：46例病例中,肠道肿瘤22例、肠道炎性病变11例、憩室5例、淋巴瘤2例、肠系膜上静脉血栓1例、肠坏死1例、麻痹性肠梗阻伴全内脏转位1例、单纯性肠扭转1例、腹壁疝及闭孔疝各1例;其中64层螺旋CT准确诊断（定位定性）40例,诊断符合率87.0%,4例结肠癌误诊为炎性病变,漏诊脂肪瘤及肠穿孔各1例。结论：64层螺旋CT扫描及重组图像对肠道病变显示直观、准确,对肠道急腹症的病因诊断具有重要的诊断价值。     

影像学检查在非创伤性急腹症诊断中的临床应用价值比较研究

目的：探讨不同影像学检查方法在非创伤性急腹症诊断中的应用价值,为临床实践中影像学检查的合理选择提供依据。方法回顾性分析135例诊断明确,临床资料完整的非创伤性急腹症病例的腹部X线片、超声、CT等影像资料,统计不同影像学检查对非创伤性急腹症的符合率。结果135例非创伤性急腹症中, X线片的符合率23．7％;超声符合率为32．6％;CT的符合率为87．4％。其中X线片在诊断肠梗阻、消化道穿孔中符合率分别为74．2％、68．8％;超声在胆系结石诊断中的符合率为65．4％;CT则在整体急腹症诊断符合率具有明显优势,三者差异有统计学意义（χ2=504．11,P＜0．05）。结论合理使用影像学检查技术能有效提高非创伤性急腹症的诊断符合率,使急腹症患者得到及时、准确、有效的治疗,减少并发症的发生。     

Impact of computed tomography on patient's care in nontraumatic acute abdomen: 90 patients

OBJECTIVES: To determine the contribution of computerized tomography (CT) to the management of nontraumatic acute abdomen, to evaluate interobserver agreement and the contribution of CT to cost control, to look for the predictive factors of CT. PATIENTS: and method. Ninety prospectively included patients, admitted for nontraumatic acute abdomen and examined by a surgeon, received CT examination. Diagnosis and treatment 1) envisioned before and 2) defined after CT, and 3) finally retained were compared, and the interobserver agreement was calculated after the second reading. The predictive value of the clinical and biological criteria as well as the radiological criteria characterizing these patients was sought. RESULTS: CT was contributive in 68.9% of cases, with a reliable diagnosis and treatment strategy, defined after CT examination, for 92.2% and 90%, respectively. Interobserver agreement was 93.3%. CT contributed to reducing costs in 15.5% of patients, for an additional cost estimated at 104-139 euros. The positive predictive factors of the CT contribution were age over 70 years, localized symptoms, fever, and high CRP. CONCLUSION: In agreement with the literature, in our study CT appears to be a choice examination to guide patient care in nontraumatic acute abdomen.     

The wandering spleen: CT findings and possible pitfalls in diagnosis

AIM: To report the CT features of wandering spleen, a rare condition which can be incidentally detected as an abdominal or pelvic mass or can present with torsion, causing an acute abdomen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The CT studies of seven patients, two children and five adults, with wandering spleen were reviewed. CT was performed urgently in three patients for acute abdomen, and electively in four. RESULTS: CT findings of wandering spleen included absence of the spleen in its normal position and a mass located elsewhere in the abdomen or pelvis, i.e. an ectopic spleen, enhancing homogeneously in four cases and failing partially or completely to enhance in the other three, indicating infarction. A "whirl" appearance representing the twisted splenic pedicle was seen in the three cases with torsion. Urgent splenectomy confirmed infarction secondary to torsion. CONCLUSION: The possible diagnosis of wandering spleen should be kept in mind when CT shows the spleen to be absent from its usual position and a mass is found elsewhere in the abdomen or pelvis. When, in addition, a "whirl" or partial or no enhancement of this mass are seen in a case presenting with acute abdomen, torsion of a wandering spleen is a likely diagnosis.     

Computerized tomography of the acute left upper quadrant pain

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of computerized tomography (CT) of the abdomen in the emergent setting of left upper quadrant pain. One hundred patients (average age: 45, range: 19–93 years, female: 57 %, male: 43 %) who presented to the emergency department (ED) and underwent CT scanning of abdomen with the given indication of left upper quadrant pain were included in this study. The results from CT examinations were compared to final diagnoses determined by either ED physician or clinician on a follow-up visit. Sensitivity of CT was 69 % (95 %CI: 52–83 %) for 39 patients who eventually were diagnosed with an acute abdominal abnormality. Twenty-seven patients had an acute abnormal finding on abdominal CT that represented the cause of the patient’s pain (positive predictive value of 100 %, 95 %CI: 87–100 %). Of the remaining 73 patients with negative CT report, 12 were diagnosed clinically (either in the ED or on follow-up visit to specialist) with a pathology that was undetectable on the CT imaging (negative predictive value of 83 %, 95 %CI: 73–91 %). None of the remaining 61 patients with negative CT were found to have pathology by clinical evaluation (specificity of 100 %, 95 %CI: 94–100 %). CT is a useful examination for patients with acute left upper quadrant pain in the emergency department setting with moderate sensitivity and excellent specificity.     

Accuracy of 64-row multidetector CT in the diagnosis of surgically treated acute abdomen

ObjectiveTo assess the accuracy of 64-row computed tomography (CT) in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen in the emergency department.Materials and MethodsProspective analysis of 181 patients with surgically treated acute abdomen.ResultsIn 158/181 cases, CT was totally concordant with surgical repertoire. Partial concordance was found in 15 cases. Overall sensitivity was 87.3% when only cases of complete concordance were considered, 95.6% if also partial concordance cases were included.ConclusionCT showed high reliability in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen surgically treated, although associated conditions can sometimes be missed.     

Primary torsion of the greater omentum: Color Doppler sonography and CT correlated with surgery and pathology findings

Primary torsion of the greater omentum is a rare cause of acute abdomen commonly diagnosed at surgery performed for appendicitis. We report nine cases of omental torsion who underwent surgery and correlate their preoperative color Doppler ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) findings with the surgical and pathological findings to assess the value of US and CT in the diagnosis of omental torsion. US findings of omental torsion correlated with the operative and pathological findings in seven patients and the diagnosis was missed in two patients suspected to have ruptured appendix. CT findings of omental torsion correlated with the operative and pathological findings in all five patients who did CT. US and CT scanning are useful for preoperative diagnosis of omental torsion.     

Accuracy of nonfocused helical CT for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis: a 5-year review

OBJECTIVE: The clinical usefulness of routine, nonfocused helical CT was evaluated in diagnosing acute appendicitis or providing an alternative diagnosis in patients presenting to the emergency department with acute lower abdominal pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed CT reports and clinical records of 650 consecutive adult patients who presented between January 1996 and December 2000 with right lower quadrant pain or lower abdominal pain and clinical findings suggestive of appendicitis. Helical CT was performed with oral contrast material in 610 cases (93.8%) and IV contrast in 572 cases (88.0%). Both vascular and enteric contrast media were administered in 544 cases (83.7%). Rectal contrast material was administered in 52 cases (8.0%). The abdomen was helically scanned from the dome of the diaphragm to the iliac crests with a collimation of 7 mm, from the iliac crests to the acetabular roof at a 5-mm collimation, from the acetabular roof to the symphysis pubis with a collimation of 5-10 mm. The surgical or clinical record was used for follow-up. RESULTS: Of the 650 patients, 552 (84.9%) had adequate clinical follow-up. There were 137 true-positive, eight false-positive, five false-negative, and 402 true-negative cases. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of nonfocused helical CT were 96.5%, 98.0%, 97.6%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 94.5% and 98.8%, respectively. In patients without acute appendicitis, CT suggested an alternative diagnosis, which clinically explained the patient's acute abdominal pain in 266 patients (66.2%). CONCLUSION: Nonfocused helical CT was highly accurate in diagnosing acute appendicitis or suggesting an alternative diagnosis in patients with acute lower abdominal pain or right lower quadrant pain.     

Multidetector computed tomography diagnosis of primary and secondary epiploic appendagitis

Purpose  The aim of this study was to evaluate the epiploic appendages in patients with acute abdomen using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and to determine the incidence of primary and secondary epiploic appendagitis (EA). Materials and methods  A radiologist reviewed MDCT images from 1338 patients with acute abdomen for visible epiploic appendages. Two radiologists then reviewed the MDCT images showing inflamed epiploic appendages and diagnosed primary EA, secondary EA, or other conditions by consensus. The CT criteria for primary EA are a round or oval pericolonic fatty lesion with a hyperattenuated rim and adjacent fat stranding, without other causes of inflammation. Secondary EA is diagnosed if an epiploic appendage is found to be due to inflammation from other inflammatory entities. Results  Epiploic appendages were identified in 19 patients. Four patients (0.3%) had a retrospective CT diagnosis of primary EA. Twelve patients (0.9%) had a retrospective CT diagnosis of secondary EA (primary condition was diverticulitis in 10 patients and inflammatory bowel disease in 2 patients). The remaining three patients had calcification of an epiploic appendage suggestive of old EA. Conclusion  Primary EA should be included in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen. Occasionally, inflammation of the epiploic appendages is secondary to other inflammatory conditions.