比阿培南与其他抗菌药物对某院临床分离致病菌的体外敏感性比较

目的:比较研究比阿培南和其他抗菌药物的体外抗菌活性。方法:收集2015年1-5月某院分离的344株临床常见致病菌,采用纸片扩散法测定比阿培南和对照药(美罗培南、亚胺培南、厄他培南、氨曲南、左氧氟沙星、哌拉西林他唑巴坦、头孢他啶和头孢吡肟)对革兰阴性菌的敏感性,及比阿培南和对照药(美罗培南、左氧氟沙星、万古霉素、利奈唑胺、克林霉素、青霉素和呋喃妥因)对革兰阳性菌的敏感性。结果:比阿培南与美罗培南、亚胺培南、厄他培南、哌拉西林他唑巴坦对产和不产ESBL的大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌、阴沟肠杆菌及其他肠杆菌的敏感率相仿,且差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但比阿培南对铜绿假单胞菌的敏感率显著高于其他抗菌药物(P<0.05);比阿培南与美罗培南对甲氧西林敏感的金葡菌、耐甲氧西林的金葡菌、粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌的敏感率相仿,但显著低于万古霉素、利奈唑胺和呋喃妥因(P<0.001)。结论:与其他抗菌药物相比,比阿培南对某院临床分离的革兰阴性菌尤其是铜绿假单胞菌有较高的敏感率,但对鲍曼不动杆菌和肠球菌有较高的耐药率。     

北京协和医院1990—2009年女性生殖道细菌感染常见病原菌及其耐药性监测

目的 了解女性生殖道细菌感染常见病原菌及其对抗菌药物的耐药性.方法 用纸片扩散法对1990-2009年北京协和医院女性生殖道细菌感染分离的3840株病原菌进行抗菌药物耐药监测,按CLSI2009年版标准判读药敏结果,采用WHONET5.4软件进行数据分析.结果 20年来北京协和医院女性生殖道细菌感染以大肠埃希菌检出率最高(25%),其次为凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(17%),粪肠球菌(14%),无乳链球菌(10%)和金黄色葡萄球菌(7%).产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(extended-spectrum beta-lactamases,ESBLs)的大肠埃希菌检出率为24%.产ESBLs大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南和厄他培南均100%敏感,对阿米卡星、哌拉西林/三唑巴坦、头孢西丁的敏感率均>80%.肠杆菌科中的不同菌种对碳青霉烯类抗菌药物均100%敏感,对阿米卡星的敏感率均较高(86.4%～98%).凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌对万古霉素和替考拉宁的敏感率均为100%,耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MRCNS)对β-内酰胺类和其他抗菌药物的耐药率较耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)低.粪肠球菌对万古霉素、替考拉宁、青霉素、氨苄西林、呋喃妥因和磷霉素的耐药率均低于10%,未发现万古霉素和替考拉宁耐药的肠球菌.无乳链球菌对青霉素、古霉素和头孢吡肟也保持很高活性.结论 女性生殖道细菌感染最常见的病原菌是大肠埃希菌,应加强细菌耐药监测,指导临床合理使用抗菌药物.     

注射用法罗培南钠对金葡菌的体内外抗菌活性研究

目的研究注射用法罗培南钠对临床分离的金葡菌的体内外抗菌活性。方法用头孢西丁纸片法在近年来本室保存的临床分离金葡菌中筛选耐甲氧西林的金葡菌（methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus，MRSA），用琼脂平板稀释法测定法罗培南和万古霉素对甲氧西林敏感的金葡菌（methicillin sensitive staphylococcus aureus，MSSA）和MRSA菌株的最低抑菌浓度（minimal inhibitory concentration．MIC）。根据MIC选择对法罗培南敏感、中度和高度耐药的MRSA菌株及1株MSSA建立小鼠腹膜炎模型，以注射用法罗培南钠及万古霉素通过静脉注射进行感染动物的治疗，评价对感染小鼠的保护作用。结果151株金葡菌中共分离出65株MRSA．阳性率为43％；体外试验法罗培南和万古霉素对86株MSSA均敏感。65株MRSA对法罗培南敏感者10株，其余均耐药；对万古霉素均敏感。注射用法罗培南钠对4株菌的ED50分别为38．3、38．6、71．9和7．07mg／kg；万古霉素则为2．25、10．18、20．85和1．77mg／kg。结论注射用法罗培南钠对MSSA有良好的体内和体外抗菌活性；注射用法罗培南钠对MRSA无效．即使体外敏感。     

2014年天津市血流感染细菌耐药监测

目的：研究天津市血流感染细菌耐药分布及耐药性。方法：收集2014年度天津市45家医院血标本来源细菌药敏结果,用CLSI 2014年标准判读,WHONET 5.6进行药物敏感性分析。结果：分离共计4 772株细菌,其中革兰阳性菌2 038株,占42.7%,革兰阴性菌2 734株,占57.3%,葡萄球菌属1 409株,占29.5%,肠球菌属335株占7.0%,肠杆菌科细菌2 248株,占47.1%,非发酵菌438株,占9.2%,肺炎链球菌35株,占0.7%。最常见细菌依次为大肠埃希菌（27.3%）、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（23.8%）、肺炎克雷伯菌（12.1%）、金黄色葡萄球菌（5.6%）、铜绿假单胞菌（4.1%）。耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（MRCNS）和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）的检出率分别为78.5%和25.3%。MRSA和MRCNS的耐药率明显高于甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌（MSSA）和甲氧西林敏感凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（MSCNS）。未发现对万古霉素耐药的葡萄球菌。粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌对万古霉素敏感率分别为100%和98.1%,共检出耐万古霉素的屎肠球菌（VRE）3株。大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南的敏感率为98.7%,肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南的敏感率为95.3%。大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌中产ESBLs株分别占60.1%和33.3%。铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率分别为21.6%和17.5%。鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率分别为39.6%和49.3%。结论：本年度所分离血培养细菌的耐药较为普遍,加强耐药性监测,指导临床合理使用抗菌药物十分重要。     

卫生部全国细菌耐药监测网2011年血流感染细菌耐药监测

目的了解血流感染病原菌分布和细菌耐药情况。方法监测2011年度全国149家医院,血标本来源细菌药敏结果用CLSI 2011年标准判读,用WHO-NET 5.6软件进行药物敏感性分析。结果共获得29837株病原菌,其中革兰阳性菌15593株,占51.2%,革兰阴性菌14863株,占48.8%。最常见细菌依次为凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、金黄色葡萄球及鲍曼不动杆菌。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的检出率分别为51.3%和80.3%。未发现万古霉素耐药葡萄球菌。粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌对万古霉素耐药率分别为1.8%和6.9%。未发现利奈唑胺耐药肠球菌。大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南耐药率分别为2.9%和12.0%,对美罗培南耐药率分别为3.4%和10.6%。铜绿假单胞菌对碳青霉烯类的耐药率约20%,鲍曼不动杆菌耐药率超过铜绿假单胞菌。结论本年度血培养分离细菌耐药现象较为普遍,耐万古霉素肠球菌的检出率较2010年有所增加。     

自贡地区尿培养中分离菌的临床分布及耐药性分析

目的 了解自贡地区泌尿道感染病原菌的临床分布及耐药情况，为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供参考。方法 收集 2017 年自贡地区所有三级综合医院尿培养阳性菌株及药敏结果，采用WHONET 5.6 及SPSS 19.0 软件对数据进行分析。结果 共分离出2063 株细菌，其中其中革兰阳性菌占18.5%，革兰阴性菌占81.5%。前5 位细菌中，大肠埃希菌排列第一，占53.4%， 其次是肺炎克雷伯菌(9.3%)、屎肠球菌(6.3%)、粪肠球菌(6.2%) 和铜绿假单胞菌(4.6%)。前5 位分离菌的耐药结果为：大肠埃 希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌对哌拉西林/ 三唑巴坦、头孢替坦、厄他培南、亚胺培南及阿米卡星的耐药率均较低(<5%)，其中产超广谱β- 内酰胺酶(ESBLs) 菌的检出率分别为50.4% 和35.4%；屎肠球菌对青霉素、氨苄西林、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、莫西沙星及红 霉素耐药率高(>90%)，但对奎奴普丁/ 达福普汀及万古霉素的耐药率低(<10%)，对利奈唑胺的耐药率为0；而粪肠球菌对青霉素、 氨苄西林、呋喃妥因及利奈唑胺耐药率低(<5%)，对万古霉素的耐药率为0；铜绿假单胞菌对常见抗菌药物耐药率较低，其中亚 胺培南的耐药率为16.0%，而阿米卡星的耐药率最低，为3.2%。不同性别间病原菌谱特点为：男性中前5 位细菌为大肠埃希菌、 肺炎克雷伯菌、粪肠球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和屎肠球菌，而女性为大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、屎肠球菌、粪肠球菌和奇异变形菌。 病原菌的年龄分布以71~80 岁和61~70 岁为主，未成年组前3 位细菌为大肠埃希菌、屎肠球菌和肺炎克雷伯菌，而成年组和老年 组前3 位细菌均为大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和粪肠球菌。不同性别间大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌对氨苄西林/ 舒巴坦、头孢唑林、 头孢他啶、头孢曲松、氨曲南、妥布霉素、环丙沙星及左氧氟沙星的耐药率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)，而屎肠球菌、粪肠球 菌和铜绿假单胞菌对常见抗菌药物的耐药率无性别差异(P>0.05)。结论 自贡地区泌尿道感染病原菌以大肠埃希菌为主，不同性别、 不同年龄组间患者的病原菌谱及耐药谱存在差异。本地区屎肠球菌耐药严重，应尽早目标性抗感染治疗。     

泌尿系感染病原菌的分布及耐药性分析

目的探讨泌尿系感染病原菌的分布及耐药性,为临床合理选用抗菌药物提供依据。方法对2013年1月~2014年12月送检的尿标本进行病原菌培养、分离及鉴定,用纸片扩散法、E-test法或全自动细菌分析仪测定细菌对不同抗菌药物的敏感性,采用2013年版CLSI标准判读结果。结果共分离出4 027株病原菌,其中革兰阴性菌占66.4%,革兰阳性菌占25.7%,真菌占7.9%。检出率最高的前4位病原菌依次为大肠埃希菌、屎肠球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和粪肠球菌。大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南最为敏感,对青霉素类耐药性最强。肠球菌属的整体耐药性十分严重,屎肠球菌比粪肠球菌的耐药率高,二者对万古霉素和利奈唑胺较为敏感。结论泌尿系感染病原菌对抗菌药物已产生了一定的耐药性,定期监测尿路感染病原菌的分布及耐药性,对指导临床合理用药具有重要意义。     

卫生部全国细菌耐药监测网2011年胆汁培养病原菌耐药监测

目的 了解我国胆道感染病原菌分布和对常用抗菌药物的耐药现状.方法 2011年度从149所医院胆汁分离的病原菌进行药敏测定,数据用WHONET5.5软件进行统计分析.结果 共分离8265株病原菌,其中革兰阴性杆菌5822株,占70.4％,革兰阳性球菌2443株,占29.6％.最常见的革兰阴性杆菌是大肠埃希菌(25.3％)、肺炎克雷伯菌(11.4％)和铜绿假单胞菌(9.4％);最常见的革兰阳性球菌是粪肠球菌(8.6％)和屎肠球菌(7.2％).大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌对头孢噻肟耐药率为67.7％,58.7％,对头孢吡肟的耐药率分别为28.9％,24.8％.大肠埃希菌对左氧氟沙星耐药率为56.3％,对2种碳青霉烯类耐药率小于2％.肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率为6.1％～7.7％.铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南耐药率分别为39.2％,79.4％.屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌对万古霉素的耐药率分别为2.0％,1.5％.结论 我国胆道感染病原菌以大肠埃希菌、肠球菌属和肺炎克雷伯菌最常见,肺炎克雷伯菌对碳青酶烯类药物耐药率有明显增加,耐糖肽类的肠球菌分离率仍较低.     

泌尿系感染患儿病原菌的分布及对常用抗菌药物的敏感性

目的研究泌尿系感染患儿病原菌的分布及对常用抗菌药物的敏感性情况,从而为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供科学依据。方法选取从2018年1至12月泌尿系感染患儿100例作为观察对象。采用法国生物梅里埃公司VITEK-compact检测患儿病原菌的分布情况,并进行病原菌的药敏试验。结果100例泌尿系感染患儿病原菌分布情况按照占比从高到低依次为大肠埃希菌51.00%、肺炎克雷伯菌12.00%、粪肠球菌10.00%、屎肠球菌7.00%、铜绿假单胞菌4.00%、奇异变形杆菌3.00%、摩氏摩根菌2.00%、金黄色葡萄球菌1.00%和白色假丝酵母菌1.00%。大肠埃希菌对哌拉西林、阿莫西林克拉维酸、哌拉西林他唑巴坦、头孢噻肟、头孢他啶和亚胺培南的耐药率分别为70.59%、5.88%、3.92%、41.18%、31.37%和0。肺炎克雷伯菌对哌拉西林、阿莫西林克拉维酸、哌拉西林他唑巴坦、头孢噻肟、头孢他啶和亚胺培南的耐药率分别为41.67%、25.00%、16.67%、33.33%、16.67%和0。粪肠球菌对氨苄西林、庆大霉素、环丙沙星、呋喃妥因、利奈唑胺和万古霉素的耐药率分别为10.00%、40.00%、30.00%、0、10.00%和0。结论泌尿系感染患儿病原菌主要以大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、粪肠球菌为主,其中大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌均对亚胺培南有较高的敏感性,粪肠球菌对呋喃妥因、万古霉素的敏感性较高,值得临床重点关注。     

我院2019—2021年泌尿系感染病原菌特点及耐药情况分析

目的 分析该院泌尿系感染病原菌特点及耐药情况,为临床用药提供依据。方法 收集该院检验科2019年1月至2021年12月尿培养阳性标本3 805例的临床资料,对标本进行分离培养及细菌药敏试验。结果 尿培养阳性标本总计检出病原菌3 988株,分离细菌3 242株（革兰阴性菌2 124株,革兰阳性菌1 118株）,真菌746株。革兰阴性菌以大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌为主,革兰阳性菌主要有粪肠球菌、屎肠球菌,真菌主要有白色假丝酵母菌、光滑假丝酵母菌。大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南、替加环素、厄他培南的敏感率在99%以上,对左旋氧氟沙星的耐药率较高;肺炎克雷伯菌对阿米卡星、替加环素的敏感率较高,对头孢呋辛、头孢呋辛酯的耐药率较高;粪肠球菌对呋喃妥因、万古霉素和替加环素的敏感率为100%,对四环素的耐药率较高;屎肠球菌对利奈唑胺、万古霉素及替加环素的敏感率为100%,对环丙沙星、左旋氧氟沙星和青霉素G的耐药率较高。结论 泌尿系感染的病原菌以革兰阴性菌较多,其中以大肠埃希菌最多,革兰阴性菌对亚胺培南、替加环素等的敏感率较高,革兰阳性菌对万古霉素、替加环素敏感率较高,根据药敏结果对用药方案进行调整,可降低细菌耐药...     

In vitro activity of faropenem against beta-lactamase producing clinical isolates

Each 20 strains of beta-lactamase producing methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis, and Bacteroides fragilis group were used as the test strains. Drug susceptibility of these strains to faropenem (FRPM), cefdinir, cefditoren, cefcapene, cefteram, cefaclor, and ampicillin was determined by an agar dilution method according to the NCCLS guideline M100-S9. beta-Lactamase activity of the test strains was determined by a spectrophotometric method. In the present study, FRPM was highly active against beta-lactamase-producing strains, and no close correlation was found between the MICs of FRPM for the test strains and their beta-lactamase activities. These results suggest that FRPM has potential in successful application for the treatment of infectious diseases with various types of bacterial pathogens including beta-lactamase producing strains.     

Bactericidal activity of ertapenem against major intra-abdominal pathogens

Treatment of intra-abdominal infections remains a challenge owing to their polymicrobial nature and associated mortality risk. Treatment regimens must provide broad-spectrum coverage, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria of gastrointestinal origin. Ertapenem is a long-acting 1-beta-methyl parenteral group 1 carbapenem antibiotic that has a broad antibacterial spectrum and once-daily dosing supported by clinical studies. It is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and most species of anaerobic bacteria. The aim of this study was to measure the killing effects of ertapenem against a selected group of strains responsible for intra-abdominal infections. Gram-negative isolates comprised the following species: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella ozaenae, Enterobacter cloacae and Proteus mirabilis (extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers and non-producers). Gram-positive isolates comprised methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), Enterococcus faecalis and anaerobic Bacteroides fragilis. Ertapenem activity was tested by determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). Killing curves were performed in monocultures and co-cultures at selected antibiotic concentrations. Ertapenem showed a rapid and potent bactericidal activity in the first few hours of the kinetic curves against E. coli (6 log(10) colony-forming unit (CFU) reduction in the first 2h), B. fragilis (4 log(10) CFU reduction in 4h), MSSA (3 log(10) CFU reduction in 4-6h), K. ozaenae (ESBL+), K. pneumoniae (ESBL+ and -), E. cloacae (ESBL-) in 1h and P. mirabilis (ESBL+) in the first 2h. The potent bactericidal activity of ertapenem compared with ceftriaxone and piperacillin/tazobactam was well demonstrated in the co-cultures of E. coli-B. fragilis and E. coli-B. fragilis-E. faecalis, whilst ertapenem was shown to be bactericidal at 24h in the mixed culture of S. aureus-P. mirabilis. These results support the potent in vitro bactericidal activity of ertapenem against all multiresistant strains selected in this study and the use of this drug in the treatment of intra-abdominal infections.     

6-Acetylmethylenepenicillanic acid (Ro 15-1903), a potent beta-lactamase inhibitor. II. Antibacterial properties

The beta-lactamase inhibitor Ro 15-1903 showed low affinity for penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) of Escherichia coli. When used as a single compound, it displayed no substantial antibacterial activity but in combination with ampicillin, it was similar to clavulanic acid in conferring activity against ampicillin-resistant strains. Some synergy between Ro 15-1903 and piperacillin was found against high inocula of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ro 15-1903 markedly enhanced the activity of ceftriaxone against Bacteroides fragilis. In keeping with the in vitro findings, the combination Ro 15-1903 and ampicillin protected mice against systemic infections with beta-lactamase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus sp. but not against those with Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, and E. coli producing either chromosomally mediated beta-lactamase of type I or plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase of type TEM.     

Survey of the sensitivities of clinical isolates to antibacterial agents (annual report)]

Research groups were formed in 21 institutions nationwide to investigate carbapenem resistance. The activities of various antibacterial agents, principally carbapenems, were tested against clinical isolates collected from these institutions. The broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 17 antibacterial agents for 1,241 strains of 11 bacterial species isolated at all institutions between October and December 1996. The results were as follows: Carbapenems exhibited strong antibacterial activities against MSSA and Streptococcus pneumoniae and showed low activities against MRSA. Their activities against Enterococcus faecalis were comparable to that of ampicillin and piperacillin. The carbapenems showed high activities against Haemophilis influenzae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae. Enterobacter cloacae. Serratia marcescens and Bacteroides fragilis group. Their activities were greater than that exhibited by other beta-lactam antibacterial agents, but some resistant strains of Serratia marcescens were detected. The antibacterial activity of carbapenems against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was comparable to that of CAZ, and there were some resistant strains.     

3种第3代头孢菌素对常见肠杆菌科细菌的体外抗菌活性比较

目的比较头孢他啶、头孢曲松、头孢哌酮3种第3代头孢菌素对临床常见肠杆菌科细菌的体外抗菌活性。方法收集2011年8月至11月医院临床分离的大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌各30株,阴沟肠杆菌22株,用Kirby—Bauer琼脂扩散法做体外药物敏感性试验,并采用NCCLS推荐表型确认试验检测超广谱B一内酰胺酶（ESBLs）。结果82株肠杆菌科细菌对头孢他啶的耐药率（40．24％）低于头孢曲松（60．98％）及头孢哌酮（62．20％）,其中阴沟肠杆菌对3种头孢菌素的整体耐药率最高。60株大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌中,检出产ESBLs阳性菌株22株,检出率为36．67％。结论3种头孢菌素中头孢他啶对临床常见肠杆菌科细菌体外抗菌活性优于头孢曲松和头孢哌酮。产ESBLs是肠杆菌科细菌对β-内酰胺类抗菌药物耐药的重要机制,应加强产ESBLs茵的检测及采取有效控制措施,以指导临床合理使用第3代头孢菌素。     

Susceptibility of clinical isolates in pediatrics to cefpiramide

Cefpiramide (CPM, SM-1652) had broad-spectrum antibacterial activities against most of clinically isolated organisms to which are paid attention as pathogenic organism in the field of pediatrics. Antibacterial activities of CPM against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Bordetella pertussis and Proteus mirabilis were almost the same as those of cefoperazone (CPZ). Antibacterial activities of CPM against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were somewhat weaker than those of CPZ, but antibacterial activity of CPM against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was rather stronger than that of CPZ and almost the same as that of cefsulodin. Antibacterial activity of CPM has a tendency to decrease in beta-lactamase (PCase type) producing S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, H. Influenzae, etc. It is suggestive that the determination of not only the antibacterial activity of CPM against pathogenic organisms but also the beta-lactamase producing activity of them is important on the occasion of clinical use of CPM.     

Comparative in vitro activity of ertapenem against extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in Spain

The in vitro activity of ertapenem was tested against extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in Spain. Ertapenem activity was similar to that of imipenem and meropenem and better than that of the other antimicrobials tested. No differences in activity were observed regarding the origin of the isolates or type of ESBL produced.     

4种头孢菌素对社区呼吸道感染分离菌的体外抗菌活性

目的研究头孢菌素的体外抗菌活性。方法从未接受抗菌药物治疗或48h接受有效抗菌药物治疗的呼吸道感染病人中分离致病菌,采用纸片法测定细菌敏感试验结果及采用琼脂平板二倍稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果本项研究共分离出致病菌160株,常见病原菌为:克雷伯菌(42)、嗜血杆菌(30)、葡萄球菌(30)、肺炎链球菌(9)、阴沟肠杆菌(7)和大肠埃希菌 (14)。对于流感嗜血杆菌和肺炎链球菌头孢呋辛和头孢他啶的敏感性为100％;对于甲氧西林敏感的金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA)头孢唑林钠的敏感性最高,为100％,其次为头孢呋辛94％、头孢他啶61％,其MIC值的结果显示同样的结果;对于革兰阴性杆菌,第三代头孢菌素最强,依次为第二代、一代头孢菌素,在本次实验中一代头孢菌素对于克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌有较好的抗菌活性。结论针对不同来源的病人,合理选择不同的头孢菌素。     

头孢吡肟对肺炎克雷伯氏菌和大肠埃希氏菌的体外敏感性

目的　评价第四代头孢菌素头孢吡肟对 4 2 6株肺炎克雷伯氏菌和大肠埃希氏菌的体外敏感性。方法　收集 2 0 0 1年 3～ 10月福州地区 4家医院分离的肺炎克雷伯氏菌和大肠埃希氏菌 4 2 6株 ,用 Kirby-Bauer琼脂扩散法作药敏试验 :用表型确认试验检测 ESBL s。结果　 4 2 6株肺炎克雷伯氏菌和大肠埃希氏菌中 ,头孢吡肟的敏感性为 94 .37% ,仅次于亚胺培南 (10 0 % )、头孢哌酮 /舒巴坦 (10 0 % )和哌拉西林 /三唑巴坦(99.5 3% ) ,明显高于青霉素类抗生素哌拉西林 (48.83% )和第二代头孢菌素头孢呋辛 (6 0 .0 9% ) ,也高于第三代头孢菌素头孢曲松 (6 2 .91% )、头孢噻肟 (6 4 .79% )、头孢哌酮 (6 5 .73% )和头孢他啶 (88.2 6 % )。经表型确认试验证实 14 2株 (33.33% )为产超广谱 β-内酰胺酶 (ESBL s)菌 ;头孢吡肟对产 ESBL s菌和非产 ESBL s菌体外敏感性分别为 84 .5 1%、99.30 %。结论　头孢吡肟对肺炎克雷伯氏菌和大肠埃希氏菌的体外抗菌活性高于第三代头孢菌素 ,低于亚胺培南、头孢哌酮 /舒巴坦和哌拉西林 /三唑巴坦 ,头孢吡肟可考虑作为医院内感染的经验性一线用药。     

Susceptibility of clinically isolated strains to aztreonam

In vitro antibacterial activities of aztreonam (AZT) and cephems against clinically isolated 334 strains were investigated. The results obtained in the study are summarized as follows: 1. AZT showed excellent antibacterial activities against clinically isolated 334 strains. 2. AZT showed potent activities against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus spp., Enterobacter aerogenes and Citrobacter freundii. 3. Antibacterial activities of AZT were superior against Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to those of cephems.