骨原发型恶性淋巴瘤10例报告

骨原发性恶性淋巴瘤分为何杰金氏和非何杰金氏恶性淋巴瘤两大类。前者极为罕见,至今未见报道,故骨的恶性淋巴瘤一般都指非何杰金氏淋巴瘤〔１〕。也有称之为骨的原发性网组织细胞肉瘤〔２〕。本病系淋巴结外恶性淋巴瘤的一种,临床上较少见,缺乏临床和影像学的特征性,...     

原发性胃恶性淋巴瘤诊治分析

目的　总结原发性胃恶性淋巴瘤的有效诊治方法。方法　 1990～ 1999年对 32例原发性胃恶性淋巴瘤的临床治疗作回顾性分析。结果　患者以上腹部不适、腹部肿块、呕血或黑便为临床表现 ,均经手术治疗 ,其中术前明确诊断 2 5例 ,均为胃镜下确诊。其中 2 6例获得随访 ,5年生存率为46 1%,病理类型均为非何杰金氏淋巴瘤 ,其中B小淋巴细胞性淋巴瘤 2 4例 ,T小细胞性淋巴瘤 4例。2 8例行辅助性CHOP化疗 ,总有效率 93.4%。结论　胃镜活检特别是超声胃镜下活检最有诊断价值。手术方式与胃癌相似 ,术后化疗与手术治疗同等重要 ,病理类型是判断预后的重要指标。     

原发性胃肠道恶性淋巴瘤64例临床分析

目的探讨原发性胃肠道恶性淋巴瘤的发病、诊断、治疗.方法对64例经病理证实的原发性胃肠道恶性淋巴瘤的临床资料并结合相关文献进行回顾性分析.结果本病占同期胃肠恶性肿瘤的2.7%,64例患者平均年龄39.5岁.好发部位顺序为回盲部及回肠(54.69%)、胃(21.875%)、结肠(14.06%)、直肠(9.375%).主要临床表现是腹胀、腹痛、腹部包块、腹泻、血便.病理类型本组64例中,非何杰金氏淋巴瘤58例,其中B细胞型52例,T细胞型6例;何杰金氏淋巴瘤6例.本病早期极易误诊为其它消化道疾病,误诊率为67%.结论原发性胃肠道恶性淋巴瘤的诊断应综合临床表现、影像学及内镜检查结果,以提高诊断符合率.治疗以手术加化疗、放疗疗效最佳.     

原发性乳腺恶性淋巴瘤的诊断及外科治疗探讨

目的探讨原发性乳腺恶性淋巴瘤的诊断与治疗. 方法回顾性分析我院1992～2004年5例原发性乳腺恶性淋巴瘤的临床资料.5例均为术后组织学病理诊断.4例行乳腺癌改良根治术,1例行乳房单纯切除术.5例均行化疗及放疗. 结果乳腺癌改良根治术手术时间60～120 min,平均80 min;乳房单纯切除术加乳腔镜腋窝淋巴结清扫术手术时间75 min.术中出血量150～250 ml,平均200 ml.术后病理组织诊断均为弥漫性非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤,为B细胞来源.且均有腋窝淋巴结转移.全组病例随访6个月～12年,平均4.5年.2例II期,均死于肿瘤多器官转移;3例I期,肿瘤无复发. 结论原发性乳腺恶性淋巴瘤无明显特异性表现,术前诊断困难.钼靶X线照相,对诊断有帮助. 治疗可选择手术、放疗、化疗或单纯给予化疗和放疗.     

原发性胃肠道淋巴瘤的诊断与治疗

目的探讨原发性胃肠道淋巴瘤的诊治经验。方法回顾性分析12例原发性胃肠道淋巴瘤,均行剖腹探查,其中行根治性切除7例,姑息性手术3例,肿块活检术2例。结果胃淋巴瘤5例,肠淋巴瘤7例。病理分类:弥漫性非何杰金氏淋巴瘤9例,粘膜相关性淋巴瘤2例,高度恶性淋巴瘤1例。Ann Arbor临床分期:ⅡE期3例,ⅢE期7例,ⅣE期2例。平均随访18(6~72)月,6例存活,死亡6例。结论内镜和消化道造影是淋巴瘤主要诊断手段,手术切除为主的综合治疗为最佳治疗方案。     

原发性结肠恶性淋巴瘤

为探讨原发性结肠恶性淋巴瘤的诊断和治疗。回顾性分析了我院１９８３－１９９５年收治的１４例原发性结肠恶性淋巴瘤的临床资料。结果；１４例患者均行手术探查，其手术切除率为９３％，其中根治性手术达６９％，病理类型均属非何杰金氏淋巴瘤，其中Ｂ细胞瘤８例，Ｔ细胞瘤６例，５年生存率为３５．７％。因此，笔者认为：掌握本病临床表现是诊断的关键，治疗上应选择以手术为主的综合疗法，免疫组化分型是判断预后的良好指标。     

原发性肾脏淋巴瘤2例报道并文献复习

目的探讨原发性肾脏淋巴瘤的临床特点。方法总结2例原发性肾脏淋巴瘤患者的临床资料,结合文献讨论其发病特点、影像学特征、治疗及预后。结果 2例患者均实施手术加化疗,病理诊断均为非何杰金淋巴瘤,1例死于术后2月,另1例已存活1年,仍在随访中。结论原发性肾脏淋巴瘤是一种罕见的恶性淋巴瘤,影像学征象与肾细胞癌相似,以成人发病为主,易误诊为肾癌,病理类型多为B细胞来源的非何杰金淋巴瘤,综合治疗是延长生存的较好方式。     

原发性结肠恶性淋巴瘤(附14例分析)

为探讨原发性结肠恶性淋巴瘤的诊断和治疗,回顾性分析了我院１９８３～１９９５年收治的１４例原发性结肠恶性淋巴瘤的临床资料。结果：１４例患者均行手术探查,其手术切除率为９３％,其中根治性手术达６９％,病理类型均属非何杰金氏淋巴瘤,其中Ｂ细胞瘤８例,Ｔ细胞瘤６例,５年生存率为３５．７％（５／１４）。因此,笔者认为：掌握本病临床表现是诊断的关键,治疗上应选择以手术为主的综合疗法,免疫组化分型是判断预后的良好指标     

原发性乳腺恶性淋巴瘤九例诊治体会

目的总结原发性乳腺恶性淋巴瘤临床特征及诊疗方法。方法回顾性分析9例原发性乳腺恶性淋巴瘤患者的临床资料。结果 9例患者中,6例患者术前行粗针穿刺活检,仅2例术前诊断为乳腺恶性淋巴瘤;9例患者均行手术治疗,其中6例行乳腺癌改良根治术,1例行单纯乳房切除术,2例因术前诊断为乳腺恶性淋巴瘤仅行肿瘤切除术;9例患者术后均给予环磷酰胺+阿霉素+长春新碱+泼尼松(CHOP)方案化疗,2例患者后续行局部放疗;9例患者初治后均获得完全缓解,随访期间死亡2例,分别死于脑转移和骨髓转移。结论手术切除是乳腺恶性淋巴瘤主要治疗手段,术后辅助化疗及局部放疗可提高治疗效果。     

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目的 探讨原发性甲状腺恶性淋巴瘤的诊断和治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2006年4月中国医科大学附属第一医院普通外科收治的5例原发性甲状腺恶性淋巴瘤临床资料.结果 5例病人术前均诊断为甲状腺癌,1例行双侧甲状腺切除术,2例行患侧甲状腺及峡部切除术、对侧甲状腺大部切除和气管切开术,该3例病人术后给予化疗.2例因呼吸困难急诊手术,其中1例术后死亡.术后病理均证实为甲状腺恶性B细胞非何杰金淋巴瘤.结论 原发性甲状腺淋巴瘤诊断较困难,治疗应采用综合治疗.     

A comparison of modified radical mastectomy to radical mastectomy in the treatment of operable breast cancer.

This study compares the results of modified radical mastectomy (144 cases) to radical mastectomy (188 cases) in the treatment of operable breast cancer. Two hundred five patients had Stage I breast cancer, 60 had Stage II disease and 67 had Stage III disease (TNM System). There was no statistically significant difference in five year survival when the results of a radical mastectomy were compared to a modified radical mastectomy at any stage of disease. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of local recurrence in patients with Stage I and Stage II disease when the results of a radical mastectomy were compared to modified radical mastectomy. Those patients with Stage III disease who were treated by a modified radical mastectomy had a statistically significant higher incidence of local recurrence (chest wall and axilla) in comparison to patients treated by radical mastectomy. We have concluded that a modified radical mastectomy is the treatment of choice in patients with Stage I and Stage II diseases. In patients with Stage III disease, a radical mastectomy provides a better chance of local control of the disease but offers no increased chance of survival.     

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast. Data from the Connecticut Tumor Registry and a review of the literature.

The case records of the Connecticut Tumor Registry were reviewed from 1952-1982. There were 37 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast (ACC) from a total of 40,350 invasive breast tumors. Patient survival, complications, and pathologic sections were reviewed. Only 14 of 27 surgical pathology slides available for review could be confirmed histologically as ACC. All patients were white females with a mean age of 64 years. The tumor remained localized to the breast in all cases. Nine patients had either radical or modified radical mastectomy, four patients had either simple mastectomy or lumpectomy, and one patient refused treatment. There was no evidence of axillary node involvement, metastases, or local recurrence after excision. At the time of follow-up, nine patients were alive and disease free and four died of disease unrelated to their breast cancer. The one patient who died of breast cancer had a radical mastectomy and survived 11.7 years after diagnosis. It is concluded that ACC has a favorable biologic behavior characterized by a prolonged clinical course and good prognosis. Simple mastectomy is all that is required as initial treatment, and a chest x-ray and thorough physical examination looking for local recurrence is all that is needed for follow-up.     

Male breast carcinoma

Fifty men with primary breast carcinoma were seen between the years 1938 and 1983 at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. In most patients, there was a significant delay between the onset of symptoms and seeking medical advice (mean, 21 months; range, 1-156). The vast majority of patients were treated by simple, modified radical, or radical mastectomy. Ten patients underwent incisional or excisional biopsy with or without radiation because of locally advanced disease or distant metastases. Survival was comparable in the groups of patients treated with simple mastectomy (mean, 70 months), modified radical mastectomy (mean, 61 months), and radical mastectomy (mean, 78 months). Local recurrence occurred in 25 per cent of all patients, and this rate was not dependent on the operation performed. The data suggest that modified radical mastectomy is adequate therapy for local control and staging of the disease without reducing survival from that observed after radical mastectomy.     

原发性乳腺鳞状细胞癌的临床分析

目的 探讨乳腺鳞状细胞癌的临床病理学特点和诊断治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析7例经手术和病理证实乳腺鳞状细胞癌临床表现,手术和病理资料。结果 本组患者5例表现无痛性肿块,2例伴局部疼痛。肿块细针穿刺均找到癌细胞。5例行根治术,2例行改良术。病理报告：乳腺浸润性鳞状细胞癌,1例出现腋窝淋巴结转移。4例获得随访,其中2例健在,2例死亡;3例失访。结论 乳腺鳞状细胞癌确诊依靠病理学检查,手术(改良术、根治术)是最有效的治疗方法,术后需辅以放化疗。     

The significance of regional lymph node dissection in the surgical management of breast cancer

The results of an analysis done on the regional lymph node metastases of 300 patients with operable breast cancer, who were treated in the Department of Surgery (II), Kanazawa University Hospital from 1973 to early 1988 are reported herein. It was found that the metastases of the axillary and internal mammary lymph nodes were closely related to the survival of patients, but they were hardly diagnosed before the operation. Only the dissection of these lymph nodes proved useful for providing the prognostic information. Moreover, in a retrospective study comparing the en bloc extended radical mastectomy versus the other types of mastectomy, the extended radical mastectomy was seen to greatly improve the survival of patients with 3 or less than 3 metastatic axillary lymph nodes. Thus, the extended radical mastectomy provides the maximum diagnostic and prognostic information, and gives the best chance of loco-regional control of the disease. The anterior chest deformity created by the extended radical mastectomy, however, should be avoided in those patients without internal mammary involvement. We therefore propose the modified extended mastectomy as a staging operation.     

Results of conservative operations for breast cancer

The results of conservative operations for breast cancer in 1,593 patients treated at the Cleveland Clinic between 1957 through 1975 are reported. During this period, we individualized our treatment of breast cancer depending on tumor size, location in the breast, and clinical stage of the disease. The following three principal operations were performed: modified radical mastectomy in 592 patients (37%), simple (total) mastectomy in 442 patients (28%), and partial (segmental) mastectomy in 291 patients (18%). Survival results at 5, 10, and 15 years are reported. Factors important in long-term survival included stage of the disease, number of lymph node metastases, delay in therapy, size of the tumor, histologic type, and estrogen receptor status; type of operation was not a significant factor. In this series, partial (segmental) mastectomy without radiation therapy provided five- to 15-year survival rates equal to modified radical mastectomy and simple (total) mastectomy.     

Postmastectomy lymphangiosarcoma: experience with three patients and electron microscopic observations in one.

The clinical features are presented of three patients in whom lymphangiosarcoma developed after radical mastectomy followed by local irradiation. The median time between radical mastectomy and the diagnosis by biopsy of lymphangiosarcoma was 9.9 years. No form of therapy, including high-dose combination chemotherapy, appeared able to control the disease. All three patients died with residual lymphangiosarcoma and in two it was the direct cause of death. These results stress that prevention of postmastectomy lymphangiosarcoma is vital. This can be accomplished by avoiding radical mastectomy followed by local irradiation. Ultrastructural observations in one case suggest that the tumour has a primitive vasoformative origin.     

The significance of regional lymph node dissection in the surgical management of breast cancer

The results of an analysis done on the regional lymph node metastases of 300 patients with operable breast cancer, who were treated in the Department of Surgery (II), Kanazawa University Hospital from 1973 to early 1988 are reported herein. It was found that the metastases of the axillary and internal mammary lymph nodes were closely related to the survival of patients, but they were hardly diagnosed before the operation. Only the dissection of these lymph nodes proved useful for providing the prognostic information. Moreover, in a retrospective study comparing theen bloc extended radical mastectomyversus the other types of mastectomy, the extended radical mastectomy was seen to greatly improve the survival of patients with 3 or less than 3 metastatic axillary lymph nodes. Thus, the extended radical mastectomy provides the maximum diagnostic and prognostic information, and gives the best chance of loco-regional control of the disease. The anterior chest deformity created by the extended radical mastectomy, however, should be avoided in those patients without internal mammary involvement. We therefore propose the modified extended mastectomy as a staging operation.     

乳腺癌“逆行”改良根治术的近期疗效评价

目的：评价乳腺癌逆行改良根治术的近期疗效。方法：将80例先清扫腋窝淋巴结再行乳腺切除的乳腺癌逆行改良根治术与84例传统改良根治术作比较,通过收集临床资料及术后随访评价两者的疗效。结果：改良根治术与逆行改良根治术两组病人平均手术时间分别为121.43min和120.63min,平均术后住院时间分别为7.49d和7.75d,平均术后引流管拔除时间分别为5.12d和5.00d,腋窝淋巴结清扫数量分别为25.49个和24.71个,病理证实淋巴结转移比例分别为42.86%和46.25%。病人术后伤口引流量,第1天改良根治术组平均引流量为168mL（50～300mL）,逆行改良根治术组平均引流量为144mL（50～250mL）,两组比较有显著性差异（P=0.013）。而两组术后随访并发症无统计学差异。结论：乳腺癌逆行改良根治术是在乳腺癌改良根治术基础上创新的一种手术方法,符合肿瘤手术学原理,在不增加手术难度的同时安全且未增加近期术后并发症。     

Surgical management of primary breast sarcoma

Primary sarcoma constitutes less than one per cent of breast malignancies. A retrospective review of this disease at our institution was undertaken to assess the effect of different treatment modalities on outcome. Over a 24-year period 28 patients were identified. Follow-up ranged from one to 228 months. Partial mastectomy was done in seven patients, whereas ten underwent total mastectomy and nine had modified radical mastectomy. Two refused surgery. All margins of resection were negative. In total ten axillary lymph node dissections were done with no positive nodes identified. Pathologic analysis of tumors revealed a variety of sarcomas including high-grade malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes in 13. Recurrence of disease occurred in two women, both with malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes. One was a local recurrence in a patient who had undergone partial mastectomy. This was successfully treated with a total mastectomy. The second recurrence involved a distant metastasis in a patient treated with modified radical mastectomy that eventually led to her death. For the entire group the disease-free survival was 75 per cent at 10 years whereas overall survival was 87.5 per cent. In conclusion an adequate margin of resection is the single most important determinant of long-term survival. Axillary lymph node dissection is not necessary for the treatment of these tumors.