伴有抑郁的老年冠心病患者自主神经功能的改变

目的:探讨伴有抑郁老年冠心病患者自主神经功能的改变。方法:根据汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、Zung氏抑郁自评量表(SDS)、以及冠状动脉造影结果,将163例住院患者及健康体检者分为冠心病伴抑郁组(48例)、冠心病组(65例)、正常对照组(50例);并行24 h动态心电图检查,分析心率变异各项指标及其与抑郁程度的相关性。结果:与正常对照组相比,冠心病伴抑郁组与单纯冠心病组,时域指标均下降,频域指标中低频功率(LF)、LF/高频功率(HF)值上升。冠心病伴抑郁组的抑郁严重度与24 h正常RR间期标准差(SDNN)呈负相关,与LF/HF之间呈正相关(r=-0.967,r=0.971,P均0.05)。结论:伴有抑郁症状老年冠心病患者自主神经功能改变更明显,并与抑郁程度相关。     

苯那普利对2型糖尿病合并脑血管疾病自主神经的影响

目的 研究血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂苯那普利对2型糖尿病并脑血管疾病患者自主神经的影响。方法 40例2型糖尿病并脑血管疾病患者服苯那普利(5～10mg/d,共8周),前后行24h动态心电图检查,分析心率功率谱时域和频域指标。结果 苯那普利使心率变异性时域指标正常,RR间期的标准差(SDNN)、每连续5min时段标准差(SDANN)、相邻RR间期之差的均方根值(rMSSD)和频域指标高频(HF)显著增加,频域指标总频谱(TF)、低频(LF)和LF/HF明显降低。结论 苯那普利对糖尿病并脑血管疾病患者心率变异性产生有益作用,并对预防心脑血管病症再发有重要意义。     

苯那普利对2型糖尿病合并脑血管疾病自主神经的影响

目的 研究血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂苯那普利对2型糖尿病并脑血管疾病患者自主神经的影响。方法 40例2型糖尿病并脑血管疾病患者服苯那普利(5～10mg／d，共8周)，前后行24h．动态心电图检查，分析心率功率谱时域和频域指标。结果 苯那普利使心率变异性时域指标正常，RR间期的标准差(SDNN)、每连续5min时段标准差(SDANN)、相邻RR间期之差的均方根值(rMSSD)和频域指标高频(HF)显著增加，频域指标总频谱(TF)、低频(LF)和LF／HF明显降低。结论 苯那普利对糖尿病并脑血管疾病患者心率变异性产生有益作用，并对预防心脑血管病症再发有重要意义。     

心率变异性对原发性震颤和早期震颤型帕金森病的诊断价值

目的研究心率变异性(HRV)对原发性震颤(ET)和早期震颤型帕金森病(PD)的诊断价值。方法对26例ET患者(ET组)、30例早期震颤型PD患者(早期震颤型PD组)和23例健康对照者(健康对照组)进行24 h ECG检查,比较HRV指标的差异。结果与健康对照组比较,早期震颤型PD组全程NN间期的标准差(SDNN)、相邻NN之差的均方根(RMSSD)、低频功率(LF)和高频功率(HF)显著降低(均P0.01),LF/HF差异无统计学意义(P0.05);ET组RMSSD显著降低(P0.05),SDNN、LF、HF和LF/HF差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。与早期震颤型PD组比较,ET组SDNN、LF和HF均显著升高(均P0.01),RMSSD、LF/HF差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论震颤型PD患者存在交感和迷走神经的双重损害,早期几乎所有的HRV参数均显著降低。HRV可能有助于区分震颤型PD及ET。     

高血压脑出血患者心率变异性与早期神经功能恶化的相关性

目的观察高血压脑出血(HCH)患者的心率变异性(HRV),记录HCH患者早期神经功能恶化(END)发生情况,并分析心率变异性与END的关系。方法选择河南科技大学第二附属医院2018-01—2019-12收治的72例HCH患者为研究对象,12例发生END,60例未发生END,于治疗前对患者实施动态心电图检查,获取HRV时域指标[24 h每5 s R-R间期平均值标准差(SDNN)、相邻R-R间期差值50 ms的心搏数占比(PNN50)、24 h相邻R-R间期差值的均方根(r-MSSD)];计算HRV频域指标[低频功率(LF)、高频功率(HF)],记录患者治疗后END发生率,分析HRV时域及频域指标与END的关系。结果 72例HCH患者的END发生率为16.67%;END组SDNN、r-MSSD、PNN50、LF、HF均低于非END组,差异有统计学意义(t=3.767、3.516、3.497、3.758、3.423,P0.001、0.001、0.001、0.001、0.001);经Logistic回归分析显示,SDNN、r-MSSD、PNN50、LF、HF低水平是HCH患者发生END的影响因素(OR=1.057、1.317、9.382、1.006、1.017,P=0.002、0.005、0.003、0.002、0.003);绘制ROC曲线显示,SDNN、r-MSSD、PNN50、LF、HF单项检测用于HCH患者END发生风险预测的AUC分别为:0.802、0.854、0.811、0.812、0.815,均0.80,均有一定预测价值。结论 HCH患者END发生率高,HRV与END发生关系密切,可考虑在未来将HRV作为HCH患者END发生的预测指标。     

重型颅脑外伤患者急性期心率变异性分析及意义

目的　探讨重型颅脑外伤患者急性期心率变异性 (HRV)变化及意义。方法　对 40例重型颅脑外伤患者急性期HRV进行测定 ,并与对照组进行比较 ,所得数据采用t检验进行处理。结果　脑外伤组HRV时域指标及频域指标均明显低于对照组 (P <0 0 1或 <0 0 5 )。脑外伤组死亡者HRV各项指标中 ,除相邻R R间期之差的标准差 (rMSSD)、相邻R R间期之差 >5 0ms的心搏数所占百分比 (PNN5 0 )、高频功率 (HF)外 ,其他各项指标均明显低于存活者 (P <0 0 5 )。脑外伤组死亡者相邻正常R R间期标准差(SDNN)、R R间期平均值的标准差 (SDANN)、R R间期标准差的平均值 (SDNNIndex)、总功率 (TP)、低频功率 (LF)分别比对照组降低了5 6 89%、5 9 44 %、5 1 65 %、65 3 9%、76 45 %。结论　重型颅脑外伤患者急性期HRV指标明显降低 ,且与预后有关。早期进行HRV分析 ,对重型颅脑外伤的预后评估具有重要的参考价值。     

癌症相关创伤后应激障碍患者心率变异性研究

目的:探讨癌症相关创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)患者的心率变异性(HRV). 方法:采用临床用创伤后应激功能障碍诊断量表(CAPS)对150例癌症患者进行诊断性访谈,并分为PTSD组(37例)和非PTSD组(nPTSD组,30例);应用PTSD自评量表(PCL-C)对两组患者进行评估;采用生理相干与自主神经平衡系统对PTSD组、nPTSD组、健康对照(NC)组(30名)进行短时HRV检测,分析HRV指标与PTSD核心症状的相关性. 结果:与nPTSD组和NC组比较,PTSD组平静状态下R-R间期标准差(SDNN)和高频功率(HF)较显著下降,低频功率(LF)/HF显著升高(P均＜0.001);应激状态下PTSD组SDNN应激差值明显降低,HF和LF/HF应激差值显著增高(P均＜0.001);HRV指标与PTSD核心症状的严重程度显著相关(P均＜0.05). 结论:癌症相关PTSD患者自主神经功能紊乱,其核心症状的严重程度与自主神经功能紊乱显著相关.     

HRV改变对植物神经功能紊乱的诊断价值分析

目的 研究基于HRV改变的时、频域分析对植物神经功能紊乱的诊断价值.方法 从近年来我院心血管内科住院病人中,筛选出植物神经功能紊乱确诊病例38例,另选健康人38例作为研究对象,将所选材料的DCG数据经统计学处理,提取出HRV的时、频域指标进行对比.结果 时域指标SDNN的24 h观察取值,患病者高于健康者,夜间取值基本持平;频域指标LF和HF的功率谱密度(PSD)值两项,患病者分别高于和低于健康者;LF/HF比值为患病者高.结论 依据时域指标SDNN与频域指标LF确定交感神经兴奋性增强;由频域LF和HF两项指标确定迷走神经兴奋性减弱,从而确诊植物神经功能紊乱;由LF/HF比值的大小,判断自主神经失衡的程度,为冠心病的早期诊断和积极防治提供理论参考.     

心率变异指标在焦虑症评估中的应用

目的 探讨心率变异指标在焦虑症评估中的作用.方法 对33例焦虑症患者及28例正常对照者进行心率变异检测,结束后进行焦虑自评量表及匹兹堡睡眠质量指数评定.结果 焦虑症患者的窦性RR间期的标准差、极低频带低于正常对照者,差异非常显著,总频谱、高频带低于正常组,差异显著,睡眠质量指数得分明显低于对照组;时域指标窦性RR间期的标准差与频域各指标存在明显相关.结论 焦虑症患者心率变异性降低.     

基于多模态核磁共振成像脑胶质瘤术后调强适形放疗对患者自主神经反应的影响

目的 探究基于多模态核磁共振成像脑胶质瘤术后调强适形放疗对脑胶质瘤术后患者自主神经反应的影响。方法 收集2018年6月～2020年6月本院收治的110例经手术病例确诊的恶性脑胶质瘤患者，采用随机数表法将其分为研究组和对照组，每组患者均55例。给予对照组患者调强适形放疗，给予研究组患者多模态核磁共振成像技术检查联合调强适形放疗。观察两组患者自主神经反应指标、睡眠质量、依从性、不良反应、一年内复发率和生存率；收集对比研究组患者多模态MRI指标。结果 相较于对照组，研究组心率(HR)显著降低，24 h正常窭性心律R-R均值间期标准差(SDNN)、每5分钟R-R间期均值的标准差(SDANN)、正常相邻R-R间期差值的均方根(rMSSD)、相邻正常R-R间期超过50 ms的百分比(pNN50)、高频功率(HF)和低频功率(LF)显著升高(均P<0.05);与对照组睡眠质量相比较，研究组患者睡眠质量得到显著改善(P<0.05);两组患者依从性和不良反应均无显著差异(均P>0.05);随访一年后，发现与对照组相比，研究组患者一年内复发率显著较低，生存率显著较高(均P<0.05...     

Nocturnal heart rate variation in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with sleep apnea syndrome

ObjectivesHeart rate variability (HRV) analysis is used for the evaluation of autonomic function in the cardiovascular system. Decreased HRV is associated with disorders affecting the autonomous system such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Previous studies have shown an association between OSA and DM. However, the interrelationships of HRV with OSA and DM are not well known. The aim of this study was to assess nocturnal HRV in patients who suffered from OSA with and without DM.MethodsSixty patients with OSA (27 with DM and 33 non-DM) underwent polysomnography for eight hours starting at midnight. From electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings taken as a part of polysomnography, time-domain and frequency-domain HRV parameters were evaluated to compare patients with regard to nocturnal HRV components such as low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF), apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) and sleep parameters.ResultsIn the non-DM group, a direct relationship was observed between AHI and HRV rather than very low frequency (VLF) and LF/HF variables. This relationship was just significant between AHI and standard deviation of five-min average of normal R–R intervals and adjacent R–R intervals differing by 0.50 ms over 24 h (p < 0.05). In the DM group, the correlation between AHI and HRV parameters except HF and waking frequency was direct and non-significant. Intergroup comparison showed a significant difference between groups regarding AHI and HRV-index, LF and VLF (p < 0.05).ConclusionsDM can affect HRV; however, this is not the case in OSA patients. This means that in the presence of OSA, the DM effect on HRV disappears.     

Heart rate variability in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease with and without obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

BackgroundObstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is associated with repeated apnea-induced sympathetic surges leading to specific alterations of the power spectrum of heart rate variability (HRV). Sympathetic dysfunction evolves early in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the consequences on cardiac autonomic response to OSAS have not been studied so far in PD patients.MethodsSixty-two patients with PD (35 without OSAS (PD-wo), 27 with OSAS (PD-OSAS)) and 62 age-matched control subjects (25 without OSAS (Co-wo), 37 with OSAS (Co-OSAS)) were included. HRV variables – including mean R–R interval, standard deviation of all normal-to-normal R–R intervals (SDNN), both low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) power bands, and the LF/HF ratio – were computed automatically from full-night polysomnography and calculated separately for each sleep stage.ResultsHRV variables were similar in PD-wo and PD-OSAS. In contrast, Co-OSAS showed significantly higher LF power in NREM1 and NREM2 sleep and higher LF/HF ratio in NREM1, NREM2 and slow wave sleep than Co-wo. Similarly, correlations between HRV variables and parameters of OSAS severity were found only in controls but not in PD patients.ConclusionOur results suggest that the sympathetic response to OSAS is blunted in PD, giving further clinical evidence of the sympathetic denervation commonly observed in this neurodegenerative disorder.     

Effects of antiepileptic drug therapy on heart rate variability in children with epilepsy

Impaired cardiac autonomic function may contribute to the risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a useful tool for the detection of sympathetic-parasympathetic balance of autonomic nervous system. In the present study, epilepsy patients who had never received antiepileptic medication and those whose seizures have been successfully controlled with antiepileptic drugs were compared with each other and a control group in order to investigate the effects of epilepsy and various antiepileptic drugs on HRV. HRV were tested via 5 min ECG monitoring in 92 patients and 83 controls. Time domain parameters including SDNN, RMSSD and the frequency domain parameters including HF (reflects parasympathetic activity) and LF (reflects sympathetic activity) were assessed. In this group, 78 patients were using antiepileptic drugs including valproic acid (n=33), oxcarbazepine (n=19), phenobarbital (n=11), combined regimens (n=10) and other drugs (n=5), while 14 patients had never received antiepileptic medication. For both of the epilepsy patients groups with or without treatment, time domain parameters were found to be significantly suppressed. In addition, parasympathetic activity was found to be decreased (HF was decreased, LF/HF ratio was increased) in epilepsy patients without antiepileptic drug therapy. Our results indicate that seizure control with antiepileptic drugs may help to improve the cardiac autonomic function impairment in epilepsy patients.     

Basal cardiac autonomic tone is normal in patients with periodic leg movements during sleep

The relationship between the autonomic nervous system and periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS) is not completely understood. We aimed to determine whether patients with PLMS exhibit any changes in their basal heart rate variability (HRV), excluding episodes of leg movements and arousals. To investigate this, we conducted a cross-sectional study including 13 patients with PLMS (PLMS ≥ 20) and 13 matched controls, free of cardiovascular diseases and medications. Time-and frequency-domain HRV measures [mean R–R interval, low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), LF/HF] were calculated across all sleep stages as well during wakefulness just before and after sleep during one-night polysomnography. We only took ECG segments of sleep without arousals and excluded periods of 30 s before and after the leg movements. No statistical differences between PLMS and control subjects were found in any of the time- or frequency-domain HRV measures across sleep stages. Basal cardiac autonomic modulation in patients with PLMS is similar to that of control subjects. Our results argue against a role for a basal disturbance of the cardiac autonomic nervous system in the pathogenesis of PLMS.     

Time and frequency domain analyses of heart rate variability in patients with epilepsy

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a useful tool for the detection of sympathetic-parasympathetic balance of autonomic nervous system in patients at risk of sudden death (SD). SD is more common in patients with epilepsy and the exact mechanisms of SD are unknown. Autonomic nervous system involvement in patients with epilepsy has rarely been studied and has shown conflicting results. Our purpose was to determine if HRV showed any changes in patients with epilepsy in comparison with normal population. A short period analysis of HRV was performed for both the frequency and time domain in 43 epilepsy patients who had generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) and who were not taking any medications and also in 43 age and sex matched controls. In the time domain analysis, patients displayed higher SDNN (standard deviation of all R-R intervals), SDANN (standard deviation of mean NN intervals in 5 min recordings) and HRV triangular index than did healthy subjects (p < 0.0001). Patients tended to display higher pNN50 (number of R-R intervals differed by > 50 ms from adjacent interval divided by the total number of all R-R intervals) and RMSSD (root-mean-square of successive differences) values than did healthy subjects, but the differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In the frequency domain analysis, the spectral measures of HRV showed a reduction of high frequency (HF) values (is a marker of parasympathetic activity) and an increase of low frequency (LF) values (is a measure of sympathetic activity); as a result, the ratio between low and high frequencies (LF/HF) was significantly increased (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Our data suggests an increase in the sympathetic control of the heart rate in epilepsy patients who have GTCS. This increased sympathetic activity could play a key role in the development of ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with epilepsy and may be related to the higher incidence of sudden death in this disorder as compared to controls.     

Twenty-four-hour heart rate variability to assess autonomic function in Parkinson's disease

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease patients by means of a 24-h heart rate variability (HRV) method. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirteen patients with a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease were compared with 13 age-matched healthy persons (control group). The 13 patients had a mean age of 70.5 years, and mean disease duration of 10.9 years. The autonomic function was evaluated by HRV analysis using a continuous 24-h ECG. The parameters of SDNN (standard deviation of the normal-to-normal intervals between adjacent QRS complexes), of LF (power in low frequency) and of HF (power in high frequency) were studied during the following 3 periods: 24 h, night and day. RESULTS: The data show a statistically significant difference between groups for SDNN and LF in all the periods, while for HF parameters the difference is statistically significant only in the night period. CONCLUSION: The use of the 24-h HRV method can provide more accurate and reproducible data than other conventional cardiovascular tests.     

Cardiovascular autonomic control in paraplegic and quadriplegic

Introduction

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is commonly associated with devastating paralysis. This condition also results in cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction associated with increased mortality from cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to explore the differences in cardiovascular autonomic modulation in individuals with and without SCI.

Methods

The study included 60 individuals: 30 individuals without SCI, who formed the control group—CG and 30 individuals with SCI, who formed the SCI group—SCIG. The latter group was divided into two, one group of subjects with SCI above the spinal segment T6—SCIG (above T6) and a group of individuals with SCI below T6—SCIG (below T6). The subjects were evaluated by linear and nonlinear analysis of heart rate variability (HRV).

Results

The SCIG showed significantly lower square root of the mean squares differences of successive NN intervals (rMSSD), number of pairs of adjacent NN intervals differing by more than 50 ms (pNN50), standard deviation of short-term HRV (SD1), and high frequency power (HF). Their low frequency power (LF) in absolute units (ms²) was significantly lower and their normalized units (n.u.) were significantly higher. Their LF/HF ratio was significantly higher, and sample entropy (SampEn), which indicates the complexity and irregularity of the NN intervals time series, was significantly lower compared to the CG. The differences between the SCIG and CG were derived mainly from the SCIG (above T6). The correlation test revealed very low values between each of the parameters evaluated for CG and SCIG.

Conclusions

The SCIG (above T6) showed greater cardiovascular autonomic impairment compared to SCIG (below T6) and CG. The SCIG (below T6) also presented some degree of autonomic dysfunction. All parameters, linear or nonlinear, are suitable to demonstrate the differences between the SCIG and CG.

     

Cardiac sympathetic index identifies patients with Parkinson's disease and REM behavior disorder

ObjectiveTo compare circadian autonomic fluctuations in patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD) with or without REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) by using heart rate variability (HRV) analysis.MethodsThis is a case-control study including 20 PD patients with RBD (PD-RBD) and 20 PD patients without RBD (PD). In all patients, we measured the components of HRV in the frequency domain during 24-h with daytime and night time recordings. Selected variables considered were low-frequency (LF) influenced by the sympathetic system and high-frequency (HF) influenced by the parasympathetic system. Moreover, we calculated night-to-day ratio for both LF (cardiac sympathetic index) and HF (cardiac parasympathetic index) spectral components. Video-polysomnography was performed in all patients to diagnose RBD.ResultsBoth nocturnal LF and HF spectral power values were significantly higher in PD-RBD patients than in PD patients (P < 0.001 and P = 0.004 respectively). Moreover, in PD-RBD patients LF and HF values were higher at night than during the day while no difference between night time and daytime values was observed in patients with PD. Cardiac sympathetic index value was significantly higher in PD-RBD patients (median 1.83, range 1.65–3.66) than in PD patients (median 0.93, range 0.44–1.3) without overlap of individual values between groups (accuracy 100%). By contrast, cardiac parasympathetic index had sensitivity of 45% and specificity of 100% for differentiating between PD groups.ConclusionsCardiac sympathetic index distinguishes PD-RBD patients from those with PD on an individual basis, thus representing a valid help in everyday clinical practice for screening of RBD in PD patients.     

Heart rate variability in patients with different manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease

BACKGROUND: Autonomic nervous dysfunction has frequently been observed in patients with gastroesophageal reflux diseases (GERD) and impacts the pathogenesis of GERD. However, the characteristics that distinguish between GERD patients with different manifestations remain unknown. AIM: To investigate the autonomic nervous function in subgroups of GERD patients. PATIENTS: Of the 164 participants in this study, 57 were healthy controls, 34 had non-erosive reflux disease (NERD), 40 had symptomatic esophagitis (SE), and 33 asymptomatic esophagitis (AE). METHODS: Resting autonomic activity was assessed by measuring the 5-min heart rate variability (HRV) and HRV indices including time-domain parameters (standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals [SDNN] and root mean square of successive differences [RMSSD]) and frequency-domain parameters (low-frequency power [LF; 0.04-0.15 Hz], high-frequency power [HF; 0.15-0.4 Hz], and LF/HF power ratio). Mental stress was assessed by use of a self-reported questionnaire (Brief Symptom Rating Scale [BSRS]). RESULTS: HF power was (ANOVA, p=0.041) but time-domain parameters, LF power, LF/HF power ratio, and BSRS parameters were not significantly different between the four groups. A higher HF power was found in examinees with NERD than in those with SE and AE (LSD methods: both p=0.02). When split into two groups (erosive vs. non-erosive), nearly all measures of autonomic tonus were significantly lower in the erosive than non-erosive group. Age and the presence of endoscopic esophagitis influenced the RMSSD and HF power results in the regression analysis. Mental stress or gender did not correlate with any HRV index. CONCLUSION: In comparison with NERD subjects, autonomic tonus in patients with endoscopically confirmed esophagitis (even without symptom) is lower. This finding may suggest that the structural state of esophagus but not symptomatology dictates autonomic function status.