地塞米松对实验性光损伤大鼠视细胞凋亡的防治作用

目的：研究地塞米松对光损伤及视细胞凋亡的防治作用，以探讨光损伤视细胞凋亡的发生机制。方法：所有SD大鼠经循环光环境适应7天，实验前暗适应36小时。实验A组的大鼠只光照。实验B组的大鼠光照6小时后在暗箱中喂养。实验a组的大鼠在暗适应后腹腔注射地塞米松再光照。实验b组的大鼠光照6小时后在暗箱中喂养，且每天应用地塞米松。经以上处理过的大鼠灌流固定，摘除眼球。光镜标本在常规脱水、透明、石蜡包埋切片后，行HE、TUNEL法染色。光镜观察。应用CIAS－1000图像分析系统定量检测外核层面积和视细胞凋亡指数，所得数据作统计学分析。结果：在实验A组中，随着光照时间的增加，视网膜光损伤逐渐加重，视细胞凋亡逐渐增多，外核层面积逐渐减少。而在实验a组中，出现如实验A组的规律性变化，但应用地塞米松后，视网3膜光损伤程度减轻，发生视细胞凋亡的时间延迟3小时。两实验组定量检测结果作统计学分析表明，地塞米松对视网膜光损伤及视细胞凋亡有明显的预防作用。实验B组和实验b组的定量检测结果作统计学分析表明，地塞米松对视网膜光损伤及视细胞凋亡有明显的治疗作用。结论：地塞米松对实验性大鼠视网膜光损伤及视细胞凋亡有较好防治作用。     

大鼠视网膜光损伤与细胞凋亡

目的 本文通过动物实验的方法,建立视网膜光损伤的动物模型,取材后进行光镜组织切片采用HE染色和TUNEL标记方法 观察视网膜光损伤后的病理改变,探讨普通日光灯对大鼠眼视网膜损伤的发病机制.方法 利用自制光照箱[中央平均光度(5680±146)lux],20只SD封闭群大鼠和1只RCS大鼠,随机建立实验组和对照组(实验组三组,阴性对照一组,阳性对照一组),实验组分别在光照后12、24、36h取材摘除眼球,解剖显微镜下取视网膜组织,固定、脱水、包埋,制作光镜组织切片进行HE染色和核苷酸末端转移酶介导的dUTP缺口翻译法(TUNEL)标记凋亡细胞,在光镜下观察的方法 .结果 (1)实验大鼠在暗适应后,鼠视网膜形态结构正常,层次清楚,视杆细胞内外节排列整齐,界限清楚,TUNEL标记阴性.(2)光照12h后,视杆细胞外节轻度空泡变性,外核层细胞核浓缩不明显,TUNEL标记细胞较少.(3)光照24h后,视杆细胞外节结构不清,外核层细胞核明显破碎,浓染,TUNEL标记较多,色素上皮细胞核浓染.(4)光照36h后,视杆细胞内外节溶解,外核层细胞稀疏,色素上皮核破碎,细胞核标记明显减少.结论 普通日光灯在一定强度下,经过一定时间的照射,对视网膜有损害,视网膜光损伤的病理变化中有细胞凋亡现象发生,视细胞凋亡是大鼠实验性视网膜光损伤的重要机制之一;视网膜凋亡细胞的出现位置主要集中在视网膜外核层,内核层和视神经节细胞层,随着损伤后时间的推移,调亡细胞逐渐被清除,视网膜组织则变薄,造成功能损害.     

实验性大鼠视网膜光损伤模型的建立与研究

目的：建立和研究视网膜光损伤动物模型，观察较强可见光对大鼠视网膜光损伤的病理变化。方法：自制光损伤箱。取健康成年SD大鼠35只，随机分成正常对照组（CON）、光损伤后1d(D1)、3d(D3)、5天（D5）、7d((D7)组，每组7只，各组大鼠在12h明12h暗环境中饲养7d，然后暗适应36h。D1、D3、D5、D7组大鼠采用4178Lux照度的可见光进行12h间歇光照射，连续3d，总计36h，然后在正常环境中分别饱饲养1d、3d、5d和7d。大鼠以10％水合氯醛麻醉，分别用4％多聚甲醛液3％戊二醛灌流固定，摘取眼球，制成石蜡切片及超薄切片，应用光谱、电镜观察。结果：正常大鼠视网膜组织结构层次清楚，内、外节视杆排列整齐、规则。内、外核层排列紧密，染色均匀。光照后各组均可见光感受器形态的变化，其变化随着时间的延长而加重。D7组变化与D5组基本相似。主要变化为外核层变薄而稀疏。光感受器视杆外节排列紊乱，膜盘叠状结构解离。内节线粒体肿胀，空泡变。外核层细胞核染色质固缩，分布不均匀，向中央聚集。结论：采用4178Lux照度的可见光较长时间（36h)间歇照射可诱导大鼠视网膜光损伤，成功地摸拟了大鼠视网膜光损伤模型；在光损伤的早期，即出现光感受器形态的变化，并随着时间的延长损伤逐渐加重。     

递法明保护视网膜光损伤机制探讨

目的 观察递法明对SD大鼠视网膜感光细胞光损伤的保护作用及其可能机制.方法 采用河北医科大学医学院动物实验中心提供的健康成年SD大鼠36只,雌雄不限,体重为200 g.将36只sD大鼠随机分成正常对照组、单纯光照组、递法明治疗组,其中递法明治疗组在光照前3d提前灌胃给药,药物剂量为55mg/kg,持续给药3d.所有SD大鼠饲养在昼夜自然周期的环境中,光损伤时单纯光照组、递法明治疗组SD大鼠置于木制工作台上,木制工作台长0.5 mm、宽0.5 mm.两组SD大鼠应用乌拉坦麻醉后使用缝线开睑法用非聚焦手术显微镜灯泡连续照射1h,调整光源与眼球表面距离使光照强度为(19 000±1 102.6)Lux,室内温度控制在25℃左右.光照后1、3、5、7 d分别取视网膜标本制备匀浆,分别进行视网膜光损伤后视网膜组织中的丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及一氧化氮(NO)浓度测定.结果 不同组别视网膜组织中NO、SOD、MDA测定经统计学分析显示,光损伤后4个不同时间点递法明治疗组NO及MDA比单纯光照组降低,差异具有显著性(P<0.01);递法明治疗组SOD比单纯光照组升高,差异具有显著性(P<0.01).各组NO及MDA光损伤后变化规律一致,高峰值在第5 d,SOD最低值在第5 d,3项指征第7天时有所恢复,但仍未恢复到正常水平,3项指征在光照前与光照后比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01).结论 1.光照强度为(19 000±1 102.6)Lux的可见光能够引起大鼠视网膜光损伤;2.递法明对大鼠视网膜光损伤有良好的保护作用,其机制可能是抑制自由基产生和脂质过氧化.     

Rat model of erectile dysfunction caused by cavernous nerve ablation

目的　寻找大鼠海绵体神经并建立神经损伤所致ED大鼠模型。方法　对 2 0只大鼠进行解剖 ,在外科显微镜下找到海绵体神经并经电刺激试验证实。随后将 4 2只实验大鼠随机分为假手术对照组、单侧海绵体神经损伤组及双侧海绵体神经损伤组。术后 3周用阿朴吗啡试验来评估所建动物模型。结果　盆主要神经节位于背侧前列腺后外侧叶表面 ,其最大的传出神经就是海绵体神经。诱发阴茎勃起的电刺激参数是 :电压 5V、刺激频率 2 0Hz及刺激时间 5ms。术后 3周 ,阿朴吗啡均能诱发对照组大鼠阴茎勃起 ,30分钟内平均勃起次数为 2 5 7± 1 4 0 ,实验组大鼠 ,无论单侧损伤还是双侧损伤 ,均丧失勃起功能 (0 0 0± 0 0 0 )。结论　大鼠较大的盆主要神经节及海绵体神经易于辨认 ,电刺激反应明显 ,而且大鼠价格便宜 ,易于饲养及购买是建立海绵体神经损伤性ED模型的理想动物。此外还发现 ,无论是单侧海绵体神经损伤还是双侧损伤 ,损伤后早期 ,大鼠均丧失勃起功能     

复方光明胶囊对实验性大鼠视网膜光损伤的作用

目的研究视网膜光损伤动物模型,观察复方光明胶囊对手术显微镜光损伤大鼠视网膜作用的超微结构.方法SD大鼠30只（60只眼）,随机分为高、中、低剂量组,模型组和正常组,每组6只动物（12只眼）.造模前7 d给药,连续灌胃2周.除正常组以外各组实验用大鼠距角膜（150±3）mm照射,使大鼠眼在接受手术显微镜水平位时照度为（22 000±1 000）Lux,60 min的持续光照射.光照后继续给药1周,观察各组视网膜电镜的变化差异.结果正常大鼠视网膜组织结构层次清楚,内、外节视杆排列整齐、规则.内、外核层排列紧密,染色均匀;光照后各组均可见外核层变薄而稀疏;光感受器视杆外节排列紊乱,膜盘间隙部分断裂;内节线粒体肿胀;外核层细胞核染色质固缩,分布不均匀.药物剂量高、中、低组较模型组有改善.结论手术显微镜视网膜光损伤动物模型造模成功,复方光明胶囊各剂量组对视网膜光损伤后有一定的保护作用.     

NO、SOD及MDA在大鼠视网膜光损伤的水平变化及其意义

目的 了解SD大鼠视网膜光损伤前后视网膜组织中一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)及丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)水平变化及其意义.方法 40只SD大鼠随机分成正常对照组、单纯光照组.单纯光照组SD大鼠应用乌拉坦麻醉后,使用缝线开睑法用非聚焦手术显微镜灯泡连续照射1h,调整光源与眼球表面距离使光照强度为(19 000.0±1 102.6)Lux,室内温度控制在25℃左右.光照后1、3、5、7 d分别取视网膜标本制备匀浆,分别进行视网膜光损伤后视网膜组织中的MDA、SOD及NO浓度测定.同时,正常对照组也取视网膜标本制备匀浆,进行视网膜组织中的MDA、SOD及NO浓度测定.结果 光损伤后4个不同时间点正常对照组NO及MDA比单纯光照组降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);正常对照组SOD比单纯光照组升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 ①光照强度为(19 000.0±1 102.6)Lux的可见光能够引起大鼠视网膜光损伤;②通过应用抑制自由基产生和脂质过氧化药物可以起到保护视网膜光损伤的作用.     

一次与多重性脑震荡鼠惊跳反射弱刺激抑制变化比较

目的 运用惊跳反射弱刺激抑制(PPI)实验方法对一次单纯性脑震荡(PCC)与多重性脑震荡(MCC)大鼠的感觉门控变化进行研究,以探讨认知损伤的积累效应.方法 用金属单摆闭合性脑损伤打击装置复制PCC和MCC大鼠,另设正常对照组,每组动物10只.自损伤前3d至伤后28d,检测大鼠在惊刺激诱发下的惊吓反射波幅P值、三种不同前置弱刺激惊吓反射波幅值PP67,PP69和PP73值及惊跳反射弱刺激抑制值PPI67,PPI69和PP173的变化情况.结果 PCC后24h内P值及上述3个PP值开始降低(P＜0.05),至损伤16d后接近或恢复正常;MCC后24h内P值及上述3个PP值开始显著降低(P＜0.05)、且比PCC组更加明显,至伤后28d仍未恢复;PCC和MCC组的PPI67,PPI69和PPI73值在部分实验测试点明显高于正常.大鼠脑震荡次数越多,惊吓刺激反射P值和PP值损害性减弱越明显,而惊跳反射弱刺激抑制强度PPI值仅表现出一定程度的加强.结论 大鼠脑震荡后,不论PCC还是MCC,其感觉门控作用均出现一定程度的增强,惊吓刺激反射和前置弱刺激惊吓反射的减弱变化则表现出明显的损伤性累加效应.     

视觉发育可塑性关键期后弱视大鼠视皮质c-fos的表达

目的 观察双眼形觉剥夺性弱视成年大鼠光照刺激诱导视皮质神经元C-los表达情况，探讨已过视觉发育可塑性关键期的弱视大鼠视皮质内视觉可塑性的存留程度。方法 14日龄SD大鼠共21只，随机分为无光照弱视组8只、光照弱视组8只和正常对照组5只，弱视组行双侧眼睑缝合术建立双眼形觉剥夺性弱视模型。饲养至100日龄后光照弱视组和对照组暴露于外界光线中0．5h，无光照弱视组不接触光线。取材后采用Nissl染色法及电镜观察3组视皮质神经元的形态改变，并用免疫组化技术检测C-fos蛋白表达情况。结果 ①弱视组视皮质神经元比正常组体积变小：②超微结构显示：弱视组视皮质出现早期类凋亡改变的神经元；③光照弱视组视皮质内Ⅱ～Ⅳ层各层中C-fos免疫刚性神经元密度明显高于另外两组（P〈0．05）。结论 双眼形觉剥夺性弱视成年大鼠视皮质经光照刺激诱导c-los表达增加，提示已过视觉发育敏感期成年大鼠的视皮质仍存留一定程度的视觉可塑性。     

牛磺酸对大鼠视网膜光损伤保护作用的实验研究

目的 探讨牛磺酸对大鼠视网膜光损伤和视细胞凋亡的保护作用及其作用机制。方法 所有大鼠被随机分为牛磺酸用药组、阳性对照组、正常对照组。通过持续光照射24h，形成视网膜光损伤模型。光照后3d，通过光镜观察视网膜组织病理学结构，流式细胞仪测定细胞凋亡的情况。结果 组织病理学结果显示，阳性对照组视网膜结构破坏严重，感光细胞内外节消失，外核层变薄，细胞核明显减少，而牛磺酸用药组无明显改变。牛磺酸治疗组视网膜细胞凋亡数明显低于阳性对照组(P＜0．05)。结论 牛磺酸对视网膜光损伤具有保护作用，其可能的机制是通过抑制视细胞的凋亡。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.