SIRT3对SD大鼠体外循环心功能的影响

目的 探讨心肌线粒体去乙酰化酶 SIRT3对大鼠体外循环(CPB)所致急性心功能下降的影响及机制。方法 Sprague-Dawley(SD)成年大鼠30只,随机分为3组:对照组(sham组)、体外循环组(CPB组)、外源性烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)治疗体外循环组(NAD+治疗组),每组10只（n=10）。麻醉复苏后1 h,采用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪检测左心室收缩末期内径(LVIDs)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVIDd)、短轴缩短率(FS)及左心室射血分数(LVEF)。然后处死SD大鼠,取心肌组织,检测 AMPK、p-AMPK和心肌细胞膜Glut-4的蛋白表达及SIRT3和AMPK的活性。结果 与sham组相比,CPB组在CPB后血糖升高(P<0.05),心功能下降(P<0.05),具体表现为LVIDs和LVIDd值升高(P<0.05)、FS和LVEF值下降(P<0.05),CPB后SD大鼠心肌的SIRT3活性下降(P<0.05),下游的AMPK磷酸化水平及AMPK活性下降以及心肌细胞膜Glut-4的蛋白表达下降（均P<0.05）;预先采用外源性NAD+治疗,可显著降低血糖水平(P<0.05),提高CPB后SD大鼠心肌SIRT3的活性,促进心肌AMPK的磷酸化和该酶活性的升高(均P<0.05),并增加CPB大鼠心肌细胞膜Glut-4蛋白表达(P<0.05);与CPB组相比,NAD+治疗组心功能降低有所改善,表现为LVIDs和LVIDd值下降、FS和LVEF值升高(均P<0.05)。结论 NAD+治疗可明显改善SD大鼠CPB后的心功能,其机制可能与激活SIRT3,进而增加下游AMPK的磷酸化和该酶活性,以及增加心肌细胞膜Glut-4蛋白表达,并促进CPB术后心肌对葡萄糖的摄取和利用以及ATP的生成有关。     

Uncontrolled reoxygenation by initiating cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with higher protein S100 in cyanotic versus acyanotic patients

BACKGROUND: The systemic reoxygenation injury produced by initiating cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in infants with cyanotic heart disease may be associated with cerebral dysfunction and injury. Increased protein S100 (S100) serum levels may indicate cerebral and blood brain barrier damage as well as inflammatory changes, therefore serving to quantify these changes. The present clinical study assessed S100 in cyanotic patients undergoing CPB with normoxic versus hyperoxic paO2 in acyanotic cases and in controls without CPB. METHODS: 43 patients with congenital heart disease aged 5 days to 15 years (mean 4.4 years) were enrolled consecutively and divided in four groups: (1) Cyanotic infants undergoing controlled normoxic reoxygenation on CPB (n = 12), (2) cyanotic infants undergoing uncontrolled hyperoxic reoxygenation on CPB (n = 9), (3) acyanotic infants operated with CPB (n = 16) and (4) patients operated without CPB (n = 6). Blood samples were collected after induction of anesthesia (A), up to 4 hours after surgery (B) and at postoperative day one (C). RESULTS: Preoperative S100 serum levels [microg/l] in all groups were below clinical relevance. S100 increased markedly after surgery in groups 1 and 2. Differences in postoperative S100 levels were significant between groups 1 (0.45 +/- 0.13) and 3 (0.35 +/- 0.09; p = 0.018), between groups 2 (1.41 +/- 0.47) and 3 (p = 0.01), and between groups 2 and 4 (0.29 +/- 0.09; p = 0.045). There were no significant differences in postoperative S100 levels (B) between groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.05), groups 1 and 4 (p = 0.05), or groups 3 and 4 (p = 0.93). CONCLUSION: Uncontrolled hyperoxic reoxygenation on CPB for surgical correction of congenital heart defects is associated with higher S100 levels in cyanotic infants as compared to acyanotic patients undergoing comparable operations.     

Cardiopulmonary bypass induced microcirculatory injury of the small bowel in rats

AIM： To investigate microvascular injury quantitatively in the small bowel with respect to cardiopulmonary bypass （CPB） and related mechanisms. METHODS： In 10 male SD rats, normothermic CPB was established and continued with a flow rate of 100-150 mL/kg per minute for 60 min, while another 10 sham-operated animals served as controls. An approximate 10-cm loop of the terminal ileum was exteriorized for observation by means of intravital fluorescence microscopy. The small bowel microcirculatory network including arterioles, capillaries, and collecting venules was observed prior to CPB, CPB 30 min, CPB 60 min, post-CPB 60 min and post-CPB 120 rain. The intestinal capillary perfusion, microvascular permeability and leukocyte adherence were also measured. RESULTS： The systemic hemodynamics remained stable throughout the experiment in both groups. In CPB animals, significant arteriolar vasoconstriction, blood velocity reduction and functional capillary density diminution were found. As concomitances, exaggerated albumin extravasation and increased leukocyte accumulation were also noted. These changes were more pronounced and there were no signs of restitution at the end of the observation period. CONCLUSION： CPB induces significant microcirculatory injury of the small bowel in rats. The major underlying mechanisms are blood flow redistribution and generalized inflammatory response associated with CPB.     

氨溴索、乌司他丁对体外循环心脏手术患者肺功能的保护作用及机制

目的观察氨溴索、乌司他丁对体外循环（CPB）心脏手术患者肺功能的保护作用,并探讨其机制。方法40例CPB下行瓣膜置换手术患者,随机分为氨溴索组（A组）、乌司他丁组（U组）、联合组（AU组）和对照组（C组）,每组10例。A组麻醉诱导后静脉滴注氨溴索0.5 mg/kg,U组在CPB过程中予1万U/kg乌司他丁,AU组联合应用上述两种药物;C组均未应用氨溴索及乌司他丁。分别在CPB前（T1）、CPB停止（T2）、CPB结束后2 h（T3）、CPB结束后4 h（T4）及CPB结束后18 h（T5）采集桡动脉血,测定血清白介素-6（IL-6）、白介素-8（IL-8）、白介素-10（IL-10）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）,并通过血气分析计算呼吸指数（RI）和肺氧合指数（OI）。结果四组患者CPB后RI和OI较CPB前均有不同程度升高（P均〈0.05）;CPB后各时点A、U、AU组患者RI、OI均明显低于C组,AU组RI、OI明显低于其他3组（P均〈0.05）。四组患者血清中IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、TNF-α水平在T2开始升高并很快达到峰值,后逐渐下降,IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α直到术后18 h仍未降至术前水平（P均〈0.05）。与C组相比,CPB结束后各时点U组、AU组患者血清中IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、TNF-α水平明显减低（P均〈0.05）,AU组降低更加明显（P均〈0.05）。结论氨溴索、乌司他丁均可对CPB心脏瓣膜置换手术患者围术期肺功能起到保护作用。乌司他丁的肺保护作用与其抑制炎症因子的释放有关,从而减轻肺功能损伤,保护并改善术后肺功能。     

Plasma L-arginine and metabolites of nitric oxide synthase in patients with left-to-right shunt after intracardiac repair

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Human plasma L-arginine serves as a substrate pool for endothelial-derived nitric oxide (NO) synthase. In this pilot study, we tested the hypothesis that plasma L-arginine and other metabolites of the L-arginine NO pathway could correlate with postoperative pulmonary hypertension after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). DESIGN: Forty-two patients (median age, 0.5 years; range, 0.1 to 28 years) with atrial septal defect (n = 15), ventricular septal defect (n = 18), atrioventricular canal (n = 8), and aortopulmonary window (n = 1) were enrolled. The influence of patient age, preoperative pulmonary hypertension, duration of CPB, plasma L-arginine, guanosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP), and nitrate on postoperative pulmonary hypertension during the first 24 h after CPB was studied by logistic regression. RESULTS: Nineteen of 42 patients were found to have preoperative pulmonary hypertension. Thirteen of 42 patients showed persistent pulmonary hypertension after intracardiac repair with a mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) of 38 mm Hg (range, 23 to 55 mm Hg) at 24 h after CPB. L-arginine concentrations in plasma were significantly lower 24 h after CPB than before: 52 mumol/L (range, 18 to 95 mumol/L) vs 79 mumol/L (range, 31 to 157 mumol/L). Plasma cGMP levels were higher and plasma nitrate levels were lower immediately after weaning from CPB (p < 0.0033). On logistic regression analysis, only patient age (p = 0.02) and preoperative PAP (p = 0.01) were related to postoperative pulmonary hypertension. CONCLUSION: Low plasma L-arginine does not relate to persistent pulmonary hypertension in patients with left-to-right shunt after CPB and intracardiac repair.     

Cardiopulmonary bypass impairs left ventricular function determined by conductance catheter measurement

OBJECTIVE: Postoperative cardiac depression is attributed to ischemia and the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). To evaluate the effect of CPB alone on postoperative left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, we used a conductance catheter to determine the LV performance by pressure-volume relation before and after CPB. METHODS: Twenty-two 3-week-old piglets underwent sternotomy and normothermic CPB for one hour. A conductance catheter was placed in the LV cavity. End-systolic pressure-volume relationships (ESPVR), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were measured under steady-state conditions before and 15 min after weaning from CPB in group A (n = 11). Group B included 11 piglets without CPB and served as control. RESULTS: There was no difference between groups before initiating CPB. As an indication of depressed LV function, the ESPVR slope (mmHg/ml) was significantly lower in group A after weaning from CPB than in group B (1.69 +/- 0.5 vs. 1.86 +/- 0.55; p = 0.008). In group A, peak dP/dt (max index) (mmHg/s/m (2)) decreased markedly (1596 +/- 339 vs. 2045 +/- 206; p = 0.03), while LVEDP (mmHg) was significantly increased (11.7 +/- 2.6 vs. 5.4 +/- 0.9; p < 0.0001). In addition, SVR (index) (dyn x s x cm (-5)/m (2)) in group A was significantly lower (1407 +/- 176 vs. 1677 +/- 313; p < 0.0001) than in group B. CONCLUSION: Using the very sensitive conductance catheter technique in a pig model, we could show that CPB leads to a significant depression of LV contractility and elastance even without ischemic arrest.     

吸入NO对婴幼儿体外循环中肺表面活性物质的影响

目的: 探讨吸入一氧化氮(NO)对婴幼儿体外循环（cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB）中肺表面活性物质的影响。 方法: 将30例患室间隔缺损的婴幼儿随机分为对照组和NO组,NO组在CPB期间吸入40 μl/L NO直至关胸。CPB前、主动脉开放后1,5,10 min以少量生理盐水灌洗气道,分别测定气道吸出物(BAL)中总磷脂(TPL)、饱和卵磷脂(SatPC)、总蛋白(TP)值,并计算SatPC/TPL和SatPC/TP。结果: CPB后两组SatPC/TPL、SatPC/TP较CPB前明显降低(P<0.01)。NO组SatPC/TPL和SatPC/TP下降的幅度明显小于对照组(P<0.01)。结论: 婴幼儿CPB术中存在明显的肺损害,表现为一些亚临床性肺功能损伤。吸入40 μl/L的NO对CPB期间肺功能有明显的保护作用。     

Serum Prolidase and IGF-1 as Non-invasive Markers of Hepatic Fibrosis During Four Different Periods After Bile-duct Ligation in Rats

AIM: Our aim was to study the correlation of serum prolidase and insulin like growth factor-1 to liver collagen and assess their utility as markers of fibrosis during four different periods of hepatic injury and fibrosis after bile-duct ligation in rats. METHODS: Forty-eight Wistar albino rats were included in the study and divided into six groups. Seven rats served as the control group (Control), while seven rats had a sham operation (Sham group). Thirty-four rats underwent bile-duct ligation. Bile-duct ligated (BDL) animals were sacrificed at the end of the first week (Group 1; n = 8), second week (Group 2; n = 8), third week (Group 3; n = 9), or fourth week (Group 4; n = 9) after BDL. Liver collagen, liver prolidase, and serum prolidase and IGF-I, were determined. RESULTS: There was a positive correlation between liver collagen and serum prolidase (r(s): 0.843, P < 0.001) levels and a negative correlation among liver collagen and serum IGF-1 levels (r(s): -0.667, P < 0.001). The peak levels of liver collagen and serum prolidase were reached in the third week while the lowest levels of IGF-1 were found at the end of the third week. CONCLUSION: Serum prolidase and IGF-1 either independently or in combination correlate with liver collagen content in hepatic fibrosis.     

Cardioprotective effects of lowering oxygen tension after aortic unclamping on cardiopulmonary bypass during coronary artery bypass grafting.

The effect on myocardial reperfusion injury of reducing oxygen tension during reperfusion on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was examined at the same time as the influence of diltiazem during CPB was evaluated. A prospective, randomized trial evaluated the hemodynamic and myocardial metabolic recovery in 3 groups of patients undergoing elective CABG; subjects were randomly allocated on the basis of oxygen tension during reperfusion after aortic unclamping: group 1 (n=10) hyperoxic reperfusion (oxygen tension [PO2]=450-550 mmHg); group 2 (n=10): hyperoxic reperfusion and subsequent continuous infusion of diltiazem (0.5 microg/kg); group 3 (n=10): lowering reperfusate PO2 (PO2=200-250 mmHg). Hemodynamic and myocardial metabolic measurements were taken at 6 preset times: before starting the surgical procedure and at 30 min and 3, 9, 21, and 45 h after discontinuation of CPB. The cardiac index in the lowering reperfusate PO2 group was higher than that of the hyperoxic reperfusion groups at 30 min and 3 h after CPB, and malondialdehyde and troponin-T were significantly lower at 30 min and 3 h, respectively. In comparison with the hyperoxic + diltiazem group, the hemodynamic and myocardial recovery in the lowering reperfusate PO2 group was improved for about 3 h after CPB. Reduced oxygen tension during reperfusion after aortic unclamping on CPB is more effective against myocardial injury than a calcium antagonist in the short term. It is a convenient and safe management technique that can reduce morbidity and mortality, especially in the severely compromised heart.     

抑肽酶对体外循环围术期白介素-2 分泌细胞和可溶性受体表达的影响

目的：白介素和其受体介导的反应在免疫功能中有重要地位，我们着重观察白介素－２分泌细胞（ＩＬ－２Ｃ）和可溶性白介素－２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）在体外循环（ＣＰＢ）中和术后的变化，以及抑肽酶对其影响。方法：２１例瓣膜替换手术患者分两组，对照组（１０例），抑肽酶组（１１例），体外循环中给２００万单位抑肽酶。结果：两组ＩＬ－２Ｃ在体外循环１０分钟时明显降低，３０分钟时明显增加，６０分钟时继续增加，术后达到高峰，术后１天和术后３天明显低于术前。ＩＬ－２Ｃ和库血应用呈负相关。两组ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ变化基本和ＩＬ－２Ｃ相似。但抑肽酶组在体外循环６０分钟时、术后即刻、术后１天、术后３天ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ的增加幅度低于对照组。抑肽酶组术后胸腔引流量明显低于对照组。结论：体外循环对ＩＬ－２Ｃ开始为刺激，术后转为抑制状态。ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ在体外循环后期和术后增加，这对免疫功能有不利影响，抑肽酶除改善凝血功能外，还可能改善白介素介导的免疫反应。     

Changes in platelet count after cardiac surgery can effectively predict the development of pathogenic heparin-dependent antibodies

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) induces the release of platelet factor 4 (PF4) and patients are at risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). This study was aimed to determine whether an abnormal evolution in platelet count (PC) after CPB is predictive of the development of HIT antibodies. Two abnormal PC patterns were defined: pattern P1, characterized by a decrease in PC following previous correction of thrombocytopenia occurring during CPB, and pattern P2, defined as a persistent low PC in the days following CPB. PC was evaluated for 10 d in 305 consecutive patients before and after CPB. Serotonin release assay (SRA) was carried out between days 8 and 10 to detect pathogenic heparin-dependent antibodies. Moreover, antibodies to heparin-PF4 (H-PF4) complexes were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PC evolution after CPB was normal in 300 patients although antibodies to H-PF4 were frequently present (53.4%). Changes in PC were abnormal in five patients with pattern P1 (n = 4) or P2 (n = 1). As SRA was positive in four of the five cases, the positive predictive value of abnormal PC pattern for pathogenic HIT antibodies was 80%. Careful follow-up of PC after CPB makes it possible to predict with high specificity (99%) for those patients who develop pathogenic HIT antibodies.     

Use of intraoperative hetastarch priming during coronary bypass

BACKGROUND: The use of hetastarch during coronary bypass surgery has been limited due to its unresolved potential risk for hemorrhage. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of using 6% hetastarch in priming cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuitry on the need for blood product transfusions and outcome after coronary bypass. Materials and methods: This nonrandomized retrospective study involved 887 patients who underwent isolated primary coronary artery bypass grafting. Based on the type of solution used in priming the CPB circuitry, patients were stratified into the following four different groups: group 1, crystalloid (500 mL; n = 211); group 2, 25% human albumin (50 mL; n = 217); group 3, 6% hetastarch (500 mL; n = 298); and group 4, 25% human albumin (50 mL) and 6% hetastarch (500 mL; n = 161). Patient characteristics and clinical variables were compared among the groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Patient survival estimates were compared using log-rank test. RESULTS: Demographic patient characteristics for all groups were similar (p > 0.05). Intraoperative and perioperative variables among groups were comparable (p > 0.05). The use of hetastarch as a part of prime solution in CPB circuitry did not alter the need for banked blood, platelets, or fresh frozen plasma transfusions (p > 0.05). The length of stay in the ICU or in the hospital was unaffected in all groups. The early (ie, 30-day) mortality rate was 1.4% in group 1, 1.8% in group 2, 1.0% in group 3, and 3.1% in group 4. Long-term survival among the groups was unaffected by the type of priming solution. CONCLUSIONS: The use of hetastarch in priming CPB circuitry is devoid of any added hemorrhagic risk after coronary bypass, and the type of prime solution for CPB has no influence on the early or late survival rates of patients undergoing primary coronary bypass.     

Does cardiopulmonary bypass alter plasma level of tumor markers? CA 125 and carcinoembryonic antigen

BACKGROUND: In addition to malignant diseases, acute and chronic inflammations may elevate plasma levels of tumor markers CA 125 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) causes a generalized inflammatory response. In this study, we have investigated the effect of CPB on plasma levels of CA 125 and CEA. METHODS: We measured plasma levels of CA 125 and CEA in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with CPB (Group 1, n = 21), and in patients who underwent off-pump CABG, that is, without CPB (Group 2, n = 16). Blood samples were collected preoperatively, and on postoperative days 1, 6, and 12. RESULTS: Within both groups, CEA plasma levels were not significantly influenced in any samples. Comparing with preoperative values, CA 125 values elevated significantly on postoperative days 6 and 12 within both groups. It was observed that the elevation of CA 125 plasma levels in these samples were significantly higher in Group 1. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that CPB elevated plasma level of CA 125. However, clinical importance of this finding needed further evaluation.     

不同剂量卡维地洛干预对心肌梗死后心力衰竭大鼠心肌细胞凋亡和凋亡相关基因表达的影响

目的 :探讨不同剂量卡维地洛 (CAR)对心肌梗死 (MI)后大鼠心肌细胞凋亡的影响及CAR治疗充血性心力衰竭 (CHF)的作用机制。方法 :将雄性Waistar大鼠前降支结扎 ,于术后 1周开始分别予大剂量CAR[HCAR组 ,6 0mg/ (kg·d) ]和小剂量CAR[LCAR组 ,6mg/ (kg·d) ]干预 7周 ,观察不同剂量CAR对大鼠血流动力学参数、心肌细胞凋亡、Fas、Fas配体 (FasL)和Bcl 2mRNA表达的影响。结果 :CAR可改善心功能指标 ,降低心肌细胞凋亡指数、Fas及FasL的mRNA水平 ,上调Bcl 2表达 ,其中对心肌细胞凋亡指数、Fas及Bcl 2mRNA表达的影响以HCAR组明显。结论 :CAR可有效地减少MI后心肌细胞凋亡 ,防治CHF ,效果以大剂量明显 ,这可能与其对凋亡相关基因表达影响的差异有关     

Demonstration and operative influence of low prime volume closed pump

Various improvements have been made in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in the past few decades. We designed a new type of CPB to reduce the secretion of systemic inflammatory markers. We used a low prime volume pump (LPVP), completely closed CPB circuit and examined coagulant factors and inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we demonstrate the efficacy of LPVP using molecular biological data. Fourteen patients were randomized prospectively into two groups: Group L patients underwent LPVP (n = 8) and Group N patients underwent normal prime volume CPB (n = 6). We measured thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT), complement factor (C3a), and interleukin (IL)-10 levels at four time points. TAT (66.1 +/- 15.1 ng.mL(-1)), C3a (1895 +/- 282 ng.mL(-1)) and IL-10 (486 +/- 114 pg.mL(-1)) levels in Group N were significantly higher than in Group L (TAT, 19.5 +/- 4.4 ng.mL(-1); IL-10, 105 +/- 24.6 pg.mL(-1); C3a, 1349 +/- 369 ng.mL(-1)) immediately following CPB. LPVP demonstrated a lower systemic inflammatory response compared to normal prime volume CPB, as assessed using a molecular biological approach.     

The effect of short-term prophylactic methylprednisolone on the incidence and severity of postpericardiotomy syndrome in children undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of prophylactic immune suppression on the incidence and severity ofpostpericardiotomy syndrome (PPS) in children after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). BACKGROUND: Prophylactic suppression of the inflammatory response has an unknown effect on the incidence and severity of PPS in children undergoing surgery with CPB. METHODS: This randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial included two study groups. Group A received pre-CPB intravenous methylprednisolone (1 mg/kg) plus four additional intravenous doses over 24 h, and Group B received intravenous saline placebo at identical intervals. Data included patient demographics, cardiac diagnosis/operation, CPB time, incidence and severity of PPS. Noncomplicated PPS--temperature >100.5 degrees F, pericardial friction rub, patient irritability, small pericardial +/- pleural effusion. Complicated PPS--noncomplicated PPS plus hospital readmission +/- pericardiocentesis or thoracentesis. RESULTS: We randomized 266 children: 20 exclusions (6 perioperative deaths, 14 reasons unrelated to treatment) leaving Group A (n = 126) and Group B (n = 120). There were no significant group differences in gender, cardiac diagnosis or CPB time. Group mean age differed (p = 0.05) and was treated as a covariate with no substantive outcome effect. In total, 39/246 children (16%) developed PPS (noncomplicated: n = 30, complicated: n = 9). There was no inter-group difference in overall PPS incidence (p = 0.73). However, Group A had a marginally significant increase in complicated PPS (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous methylprednisolone at a standard anti-inflammatory dose administered pre-CPB and early post-CPB neither prevents nor attenuates PPS in children. Short-term pre-CPB and post-CPB methylprednisolone treatment may complicate PPS.     

泮托拉唑对体外循环手术患者胃内酸碱度的影响

目的:研究接受体外循环手术患者胃内酸碱度(pH)值变化以及泮托拉唑对其影响。方法:2008年5月至2009年11月60例心脏疾病体外循环手术患者随机分为2组(A组:B组=2:1),A组(泮托拉唑组)术后2h、14h静注泮托拉唑40mg,B组(对照组)术后未用影响胃酸分泌药物。动态监测胃内pH值变化。结果:A、B组术前胃内pH值分别为2.41±1.11和2.60±1.01,术后返回监护室时胃内pH值分别为3.47±1.51和3.56±1.40均偏高,2组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05;A组胃内pH值术后4h、12h、18h分别为6.03±1.81,6.01±1.58,6.34±1.28,相应的B组为3.54±1.11,2.94±1.30,2.65±1.24;2者差异有统计学意义。结论:体外循环心脏外科手术术后胃酸分泌被暂时抑制,但迅速恢复,术后静脉注射泮托拉唑可以持续使胃内pH值维持于较高水平,可能有利于防止应激性溃疡的并发症,也要考虑持续时间较长增加医院内获得性肺炎的可能。     

先天性心脏病合并肺动脉高压患儿围术期血浆内皮素变化

目的：探讨先天性心脏病（先心病）合并肺动脉高压患儿围术期血浆内皮素浓度动态变化规律及血浆内皮素浓度与肺动脉压力关系。方法：用放射免疫法对２０例先心病患儿围术期血浆内皮素浓度进行测定，用直线相关法分析血浆内皮素浓度与肺动脉压力之间关系。结果：肺动脉高压组术前血浆内皮素浓度明显高于对照组，且与肺动脉压呈显著正相关，ｒ＝０．９７、Ｐ＜０．０１。体外循环期间，血浆内皮素浓度逐渐升高，体外循环结束时达高峰，术后逐渐下降，但肺动脉高压组术后３天血浆内皮素浓度仍高于术前。结论：血浆内皮素在肺动脉高压形成、发展过程中起一定作用，心脏直视手术过程中血浆内皮素浓度升高与体外循环密切相关。     

丹参多酚酸盐保护体外循环后心脏功能的研究

目的探讨细胞自噬参与体外循环术(cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB)后心脏功能减退的主要分子机制及丹参多酚酸盐治疗对CPB后心脏功能的改善。方法健康雄性中华小型猪15只,随机分为CPB组6只、治疗组6只和对照组3只。监测各组小型猪心功能、血流动力学及炎性因子的变化,以及免疫组织化学测定的凋亡指数和心肌、肾小球超微结构的改变。应用Western blot法定量分析各组细胞自噬通路相关信号的改变。结果与对照组比较,CPB组CPB后2h白细胞介素(IL)1β、TNF-α、IL-10水平明显升高,伴随有心脏功能的减退。与CPB组比较,治疗组CPB后2hIL-1β、IL-2、TNF-α水平明显下降,心脏功能明显好转,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CPB后2h,CPB组哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)信号通路活性增强,但LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值仍较对照组明显增高,而治疗组mTOR信号通路活性较CPB组进一步增强,伴LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值较CPB组明显下降。结论丹参多酚酸盐能保护CPB后心脏功能,这与其参与AMP蛋白激酶和mTOR信号通路调控抑制CPB后心肌细胞自噬活性有关,也与其抗炎症和氧化应激相关。     

体外循环下动脉导管未闭直视闭合术方法探讨

目的探讨体外循环下动脉导管未闭直视闭合术的手术方法.方法回顾分析33例不同方法体外循环下动脉导管未闭直视闭合术手术经验.包括深低温低流量心脏停跳下动脉导管未闭(PDA)直视闭合术8例(1组);深低温低流量心脏颤动下PDA直视闭合术11例(2组);常温体外循环心脏跳动下应用Foley尿管PDA直视闭合术14例(3组).结果三组患者均无手术死亡.主要并发症有术后气胸1例,肺不张2例,肺部感染2例.体外循环时间、呼吸机辅助时间、术后监护时间、术后出血量,1组与3组、2组与3组之间差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05.1组与2组间差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05.结论常温体外循环心脏跳动下应用Foley尿管PDA直视闭合术手术操作方法简单,对机体创伤小,术后恢复快,是一种较为安全可靠的手术方法.