13例骨盆骨折大出血的急诊介入治疗

目的:探讨经导管选择性血管栓塞术治疗不稳定性骨盆骨折所致大出血的临床价值。方法:对13例骨盆骨折所致大出血合并失血性休克的患者进行选择性动脉造影,均发现髂内动脉或其分支出血,并对出血动脉进行栓塞。结果:13例失血性休克患者栓塞成功,手术均在1～2h完成,复查DSA,动脉出血停止,血压稳步上升并保持稳定。结论:急诊经导管选择性栓塞髂内动脉是治疗骨盆骨折所致大出血的首选方法,具有安全、迅速、准确、疗效高的优点。     

急诊行髂内动脉栓塞治疗16例骨盆骨折并大出血

目的探讨髂内动脉栓塞治疗骨盆骨折并大出血的临床效果。方法对16例骨盆骨折并大出血患者,经保守治疗无效,急诊行单侧或双侧髂内动脉造影,明确出血部位后,经导管用明胶海绵或弹簧圈栓塞。结果 16例骨盆骨折并大出血患者经髂内动脉栓塞后活动性出血停止,除1例死于术后70h外,绝大多数患者的出血性休克得到明显控制。结论髂内动脉栓塞是治疗骨盆骨折并大出血的一个快速、合理、有效的方法。     

骨盆骨折合并盆腔大出血的急诊栓塞治疗

目的 探讨经导管动脉栓塞急诊治疗骨盆骨折所致盆腔大出血的临床价值。资料与方法 15例骨盆骨折合并盆腔大出血患者，经抗休克、止血等内科保守治疗无效，在外伤后2～5h行急诊血管造影，根据造影结果，选用明胶海绵颗粒或细条、不锈钢圈栓塞髂内动脉或出血动脉分支。结果 除1例在造影过程中死亡而未行栓塞外，其余14例均在1h内完成栓塞治疗，成功率93．3％（14／15），栓塞后活动性出血停止，失血性休克得到纠正，有效率达100％（14／14），其中12例经康复治疗后出院，2例因发生弥漫性血管内凝血（DIE）或合并颅脑损伤而死亡。未出现严重的栓塞后并发症。结论 经导管动脉栓塞是急诊治疗骨盆骨折所致盆腔大出血的一种安全、有效、简便的方法。     

经导管动脉栓塞术治疗骨盆骨折大出血

目的评价经导管髂内动脉栓塞术治疗骨盆骨折大出血的疗效。方法35例骨盆骨折伴大出血患者,其中车祸23例、坠落伤5例、重物砸伤4例、挤压伤3例。有合并伤18例。选择腹股沟区无血肿侧或血肿相对轻侧穿刺股动脉,将导管选择性地插入髂内动脉造影,明确出血部位后,超选择进入出血动脉分支;不能超选者,则于髂内动脉主干注入明胶海绵颗粒栓塞至血流明显缓慢,再以直径5～8mm弹簧圈栓塞髂内动脉主干。对于骨盆双侧或中心部骨折者行双侧髂内动脉栓塞。结果35例患者造影均见有不同程度动脉痉挛,其中29例见对比剂外溢,呈斑片状或条状染色。栓塞后于患侧髂总或髂内动脉造影复查,对比剂外溢现象消失。35例患者血压均于术后2h内逐步平稳回升,24h内恢复至正常水平。1例出现拇趾远端皮肤轻度坏死。未出现与栓塞有关的严重并发症。结论经导管动脉栓塞术治疗骨盆骨折大出血,措施简捷、微创、安全,疗效满意。     

急诊髂内动脉栓塞术在骨盆骨折伴大出血中的应用

目的:探讨急诊髂内动脉栓塞术在骨盆骨折伴大出血中的有效性和安全性。方法:18例骨盆骨折伴大出血患者在入院3~5 h内行急诊髂内动脉栓塞术,术后严密观察生命体征的变化。结果:16例术后24 h内血压逐步回升至正常水平,生命体征平稳,经后续治疗康复出院;2例分别因多器官功能衰竭及合并重型颅脑损伤死亡。无明显严重栓塞并发症。结论:髂内动脉栓塞术是一种治疗骨盆骨折引起盆腔大出血安全、迅速、有效的急救方法。     

经导管动脉栓塞术在骨盆骨折并大出血急救中的临床应用

目的 探讨经导管动脉栓塞术在骨盆骨折合并大出血急救中的临床应用。方法 搜集19例骨盆骨折并发盆腔大出血休克的患者，男11例，女8例，年龄18－46岁，平均28岁。术前血压为（40－90）／（0－60）mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa) ,急诊行出血动脉和（或）髂内动脉主干栓塞术，其中2例伴有脾破裂患者同时行脾动脉栓塞术。术后严密观察生命体征的变化，并进行必要的外科处理，结果 15例患者可见明显的对比剂外溢，出血动脉内髂内动脉主干3例，臀上动脉5例，阴部内动脉或闭孔动脉7例，2例表现为髂内动脉分支中断，2例血管造影未见明显阳性表现。全部19例均在1h内完成栓塞治疗，术后24h内全部患者血压逐步回升至正常水平[(90-120)/(60-90)mmHg]。未出现严重的栓塞并发症。1例于血压稳定后膀胱直肠手术修补时死亡，3例于72h内死于弥漫性血管内凝血（DIC）。结论 经导管动脉栓塞术是骨盆骨折大出血的1种安全，迅速，有效的急救止血措施。     

盆腔内急性大出血介入治疗的临床应用价值

目的:探讨介入治疗在盆腔内急性大出血中的应用价值.方法:收集25例盆腔内急性大出血病例,以Seldinger's技术单侧股动脉穿刺行双侧髂血管造影,显示出血部位,以明胶海绵对髂内动脉及其分支行栓塞治疗.结果:25例患者行髂内动脉或其分支栓塞术后止血效果满意.结论:髂血管造影栓塞止血是盆腔内急性大出血的安全、迅速、有效的急救止血方法.     

经导管髂内动脉栓塞治疗外伤性骨盆骨折大出血

目的：探讨经导管栓塞髂内动脉治疗外伤引起盆腔大出血的临床价值。方法：23例创伤性盆腔大出血,经保守治疗无效,急诊行单侧或双侧髂内动脉造影,明确出血部位后,经导管用明胶海绵或微弹簧圈栓塞。结果：23例出血停止,休克症状消失,血压稳定上升。无1例死亡。结论：经导管栓塞髂内动脉或其分支治疗创伤性盆腔大出血快速有效,创伤小,并发症少。     

经导管髂内动脉栓塞术治疗外伤性盆腔大出血

目的 :探讨经导管髂内动脉栓塞术在治疗外伤性盆腔大出血中的临床应用及疗效分析。方法 :13例因外伤造成骨盆骨折并发盆腔大出血的患者 ,均行髂内动脉或其分支栓塞术 ,栓塞材料采用明胶海绵和弹簧钢圈。结果 :13例患者均在栓塞后立即止血成功 ,术后血压逐步回升至正常水平。无 1例患者出现严重并发症。结论 :经导管髂内动脉栓塞术是治疗外伤性盆腔大出血的一种安全、迅速、有效的急救止血措施     

胆道大出血的急诊介入治疗

目的评价血管造影和介入栓塞对胆道大出血的诊断及治疗价值。方法10年间收治胆道大出血9例,均采用选择性肝动脉造影,明确出血部位后,再行出血动脉分支栓塞。结果9例经肝动脉造影,均显示出血部位有造影剂外溢,经肝动脉分支栓塞后,出血停止。结论胆道大出血行选择性肝动脉造影及介入栓塞治疗是安全有效的诊疗方法。     

Complications following transcatheter arterial embolization for massive hemorrhage associated with pelvic fracture]

Complications of internal iliac artery embolization were studied in 21 patients. The 9 male and 12 female patients were 12-70 years old (average 39). This procedure was carried out for control of hemorrhage due to pelvic fracture. Embolization was performed using gelfoam cubes (1-2 mm) for main internal iliac artery or its branches subselectively. In the earlier series, steel coils were placed in the internal iliac artery routinely after gelfoam embolization. In the group of 9 men, 4 male had impotence and 5 had no change in sexual function. As a possible post embolization neurological damage, 4 patients had sensory disturbance and 8 patients had gait disturbance. Three patients had dysuria and one of them had also difficulty in defecation. All these complications following internal iliac artery embolization are suspected to be due to associated injuries and varied effect of traumatic pelvic fracture than a result of the vascular occlusion. Percutaneous transcatheter therapeutic embolization is a safe and effective procedure of choice for controlling massive bleeding associated with pelvic fracture.     

Inadvertent barium hysterosalpingography.

During a 5-year period, 13 patients who presented with massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage had normal findings on arteriography. Seven had prophylactic embolization of the left gastric artery, and six had conservative therapy. Normal angiographic findings were associated with clinical cessation of bleeding in 12 of 13 patients. Lesions not treated by embolization or other invasive therapy had a high rate of massive recurrent hemorrhage (four of six). Of lesions subsequently found to be supplied by the left gastric artery, two of four cases not treated by embolization or surgery had clinically significant recurrent hemorrhage, whereas none of six cases treated by embolization had recurrent hemorrhage. Prophylactic embolization of the left gastric artery appears warranted when (1) there is definite prior identification of a lesion in the left gastric artery territory or (2) there is no prior localization of a lesion but the patient is at risk for multiorgan failure if bleeding recurs.     

介入治疗在肝破裂出血中的应用

目的探讨介入治疗法在肝破裂(包括创伤性肝破裂和自发性肝破裂)中的应用。方法12例肝破裂出血患者的介入治疗是采用股动脉穿刺,肝动脉造影,以及靶血管(有活动性出血的血管)栓塞的治疗方法。结果12例造影有9例明确靶血管,3例显示肝表面不规则出血。12例均行栓塞治疗,其中,2例在48h内行两次栓堵。介入治疗后72h内随访观察,出血明显减少,血压趋于稳定。其中,9例痊愈出院,1例死于并发损伤,1例死于并发症,1例死于介入治疗后两周再次出血。结论介入治疗相对于外科手术具有操作简单、快捷、安全且创伤小等优点,是治疗肝破裂出血的一种有效方法。     

Transarterial embolization for the treatment of massive bleeding in gynecologic and obstetric emergencies: a single center experience

Delayed treatment of the massive bleeding in gynecologic and obstetric conditions can cause high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to assess the angiographic findings and outcomes of transarterial embolization in cases of massive hemorrhage from underlying gynecological and obstetrical conditions. This is a retrospective study of 18 consecutive patients who underwent transarterial embolization of uterine and/or hypogastric arteries due to massive bleeding from gynecological and obstetrical causes from January 2006 to December 2011. The underlying causes of bleeding, angiographic findings, technical success rates, clinical success rates, and complications were evaluated. Massive gynecological and obstetrical bleeding occurred in 12 cases and 6 cases, respectively. Gestational trophoblastic disease was the most common cause of gynecological bleeding. The most common cause of obstetrical hemorrhage was primary post-partum hemorrhage. Tumor stain was the most frequent angiographic finding (11 cases) in the gynecological bleeding group. The most common angiographic findings in obstetrical patients were extravasation (2 cases) and pseudoaneurysm (2 cases). Technical and final clinical success rates were found in all 18 cases and 16 cases. Collateral arterial supply, severe metritis, and unidentified cervical laceration were causes of uncontrolled bleeding. Only minor complications occurred, which included pelvic pain and groin hematoma. Percutaneous transarterial embolization is a highly effective and safe treatment to control massive bleeding in gynecologic and obstetric emergencies.     

单侧靶血管栓塞在盆腔中线区大出血中的应用

目的：探讨单侧靶血管栓塞在盆腔中线区域大出血中的疗效。方法：回顾性分析在本院行单侧靶血管栓塞的8例盆腔大出血患者的病例资料,其中骨盆骨折3例,直肠外伤2例,人流术后1例,膀胱出血2例。术中导管选用5FYashiro管及3F微导管SP,栓塞材料均选用术中临时制备明胶海绵颗粒或条。结果：骨盆骨折与直肠外伤5例一次栓塞成功,随访3～6个月无出血发生;剩余3例40min-15d内经第2次双侧栓塞后才成功止血。结论：对于年龄与病情较轻、发病时间短的单侧或一侧优势型阴部内动脉或直肠上、下动脉外伤性出血患者,可以选用耗时短、安全性高、并发症少的单侧靶动脉栓塞止血。     

不同原因产后大出血的盆腔动脉造影分析

目的　分析不同原因产后大出血的盆腔动脉造影征象。方法　收集 10例产后大出血行介入栓塞治疗患者的盆腔动脉造影结果进行分析,并与临床资料对比。结果　5例宫缩乏力性出血的造影征象为双侧子宫动脉上行支明显造影剂外溢,呈不规则结节状,或片状,或弥漫性外溢; 2例剖宫产术后子宫切口愈合不良的造影可见原子宫切口部位片状或条索状或团状外溢的造影剂;2例软产道裂伤者,造影显示子宫动脉上行支显现清晰,一侧或两侧的子宫动脉下行支有明显片状造影剂外溢; 1例子宫血管畸形造影显示左侧子宫动脉上行支的一个分支明显增粗,造影剂直通宫腔。结论　不同原因产后出血的盆腔动脉造影有其特殊的影像学征象;盆腔动脉造影结合临床资料和其他辅助检查,可以为产后出血的原因分析提供更为准确、更为直观的临床诊断依据。     

急诊肝动脉栓塞治疗肝癌破裂出血

目的:探讨急诊肝动脉栓塞治疗原发性肝癌破裂出血的方法、临床效果、意义。方法:回顾性分析14例原发性肝癌破裂出血患者的病例资料,其中巨块型肝癌10例、结节型3例、小肝癌1例。所有患者均行急诊肝动脉超选择插管,采用弹簧圈、明胶海绵及碘化油等栓塞出血动脉。结果:14例原发性肝癌出血得到完全控制,患者术后生存期均在5个月以上,其中1例半年后死亡,5例随访24个月均存活。结论:急诊肝动脉栓塞治疗原发性肝癌破裂出血疗效肯定,创伤小,是安全、可靠的抢救手段。