丹参酮类化合物诱导白血病干细胞凋亡的体外研究

目的 探讨丹参酮类化合物对白血病干细胞(LSCs)的促凋亡作用.方法 将二氢丹参酮Ⅰ、丹参酮Ⅰ、隐丹参酮与丹参酮ⅡA等4种丹参酮类化合物分别作用于白血病NB4细胞,以CD34+、CD38-、CD123+为标记确定NB4细胞中的LSCs,采用Annexin V/PI双标记法检测LSCs的凋亡率.结果 在20 μmol·L-二氢丹参酮Ⅰ和丹参酮Ⅰ条件下作用24h后,可显著诱导LSCs凋亡,而隐丹参酮和丹参酮ⅡA不能诱导LSCs凋亡.结论 丹参酮类化合物诱导NB4中LSCs的凋亡能力与其结构有关,与课题组前期报道的其对NB4细胞的增殖抑制作用基本一致.     

Proliferation inhibition of tanshinones on NB4 cell line and its structure - activity relationship

目的 比较丹参酮类化合物对人急性早幼粒细胞白血病NB4细胞的体外增殖抑制作用,并探讨其分子结构与细胞毒性之间的关系.方法 采用改良MTT法测定不同浓度的丹参酮类化合物与细胞共培养一定时间后对NB4细胞的增殖抑制作用;采用倒置显微镜观察其细胞形态.结果 供试丹参酮类化合物均能有效抑制NB4细胞的增殖,其抑制作用呈明显的时间和剂量依赖性.与NB4细胞共培养24 h后,二氢丹参酮Ⅰ与丹参酮Ⅰ的IC50值分别为1.86、3.62 μg· mL-1,丹参酮ⅡA和隐丹参酮的IC50值均大于10 μg·ml-1;共培养48 h后二氢丹参酮Ⅰ、丹参酮Ⅰ、丹参酮ⅡA、隐丹参酮的IC50值分别为0.65、1.41、1.83、5.41μg·mL-1;72 h后的IC50值分别为0.28、0.33、0.45、2.59 μg· mL-1.结论4种丹参酮类化合物对NB4细胞均具有增殖抑制作用,作用强度大小依次为二氢丹参酮Ⅰ、丹参酮Ⅰ、丹参酮ⅡA、隐丹参酮,提示丹参酮类化合物的A环为芳环时可增强细胞毒性,C环的呋喃环结构可能影响其细胞毒性.     

丹参酮类化合物对NB4细胞的增殖抑制与构效关系探讨

目的比较丹参酮类化合物对人急性早幼粒细胞白血病NB4细胞的体外增殖抑制作用,并探讨其分子结构与细胞毒性之间的关系。方法采用改良MTT法测定不同浓度的丹参酮类化合物与细胞共培养一定时间后对NB4细胞的增殖抑制作用;采用倒置显微镜观察其细胞形态。结果供试丹参酮类化合物均能有效抑制NB4细胞的增殖,其抑制作用呈明显的时间和剂量依赖性。与NB4细胞共培养24 h后,二氢丹参酮Ⅰ与丹参酮Ⅰ的IC50值分别为1.86、3.62μg·mL-1,丹参酮ⅡA和隐丹参酮的IC50值均大于10μg·mL-1;共培养48 h后二氢丹参酮Ⅰ、丹参酮Ⅰ、丹参酮ⅡA、隐丹参酮的IC50值分别为0.65、1.41、1.83、5.41μg·mL-1;72 h后的IC50值分别为0.28、0.33、0.45、2.59μg·mL-1。结论 4种丹参酮类化合物对NB4细胞均具有增殖抑制作用,作用强度大小依次为二氢丹参酮Ⅰ、丹参酮Ⅰ、丹参酮ⅡA、隐丹参酮,提示丹参酮类化合物的A环为芳环时可增强细胞毒性,C环的呋喃环结构可能影响其细胞毒性。     

丹参酮衍生物对K562细胞的生长抑制及诱导凋亡作用研究

目的研究丹参酮衍生物对人红白血病细胞株K562的生长抑制以及诱导凋亡作用。方法MTT比色法检测不同浓度丹参酮1、丹参酮2和丹参酮B对K562细胞的增殖抑制作用;PI单染法检测3者对K562细胞周期的影响;An-nexin V/PI双染法检测3者对K562细胞诱导凋亡的作用。结果丹参酮1和丹参酮B能够抑制K562细胞增殖,IC50分别为5.22和15.11μmol·L-1,且分别在2.5~10μmol·L-1和10~40μmol·L-1剂量范围内,G0/G1期细胞比例的增加及早期凋亡细胞百分率的提高均呈剂量相关性;丹参酮2在100μmol·L-1的剂量下,对K562细胞的抑制率仅为27.8%,无诱导其凋亡作用,但可以使G0/G1期细胞增多。结论丹参酮1和丹参酮B抑制K562细胞增殖,阻滞其于G0/G1期并诱导细胞凋亡;丹参酮2对K562细胞没有明显生长抑制及诱导凋亡作用,但可将其阻滞于G0/G1期。     

穿心莲内酯对不同恶性血液肿瘤细胞株增殖抑制的影响

目的观察穿心莲内酯(AD)体外对NB4、U937、Jurkat、K562、KM3、U266等细胞株的增殖抑制及诱导早期凋亡的影响,初步探讨AD潜在的抑制恶性血液肿瘤的效应。方法以不同浓度的AD处理6种细胞株48 h后,MTT比色法检测细胞增殖,Annexin VI/PI双染法检测细胞的早期凋亡情况。结果 AD呈浓度依赖性抑制6种细胞的增殖,抑制强度依次为NB4>Jurkat>K562>U937>KM3>U266;一定浓度的AD可有效促进NB4细胞早期凋亡,而对其余细胞株几乎无相似作用。结论AD可抑制部分恶性血液肿瘤细胞的增殖,选择性地诱导NB4细胞早期凋亡。     

阿司匹林体外抑制U251细胞增殖及其机制研究

目的研究阿司匹林体外抑制U251胶质瘤细胞的作用及其机制。方法采用MTT法观察药物对人胶质瘤细胞U251的增殖抑制作用;采用流式细胞仪检测U251细胞周期的变化;FITC-AnnexinⅤ/PI双标记检测U251细胞的凋亡;Western blot检测凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2的表达和Caspase-3的激活。结果阿司匹林可明显抑制人胶质瘤细胞U251的增殖,细胞阻滞在G2/M期;诱导细胞发生凋亡,下调凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2的表达以及诱导Caspase-3的激活。结论阿司匹林在体外对胶质瘤细胞U251有明显的抑制作用,并可诱导其凋亡。     

胰岛素对高糖所致鼠骨髓间充质干细胞增殖抑制的改善作用

目的研究胰岛素对高糖所致小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(marrow mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)增殖抑制的改善作用并对其机制做初步探讨。方法首先鉴定MSCs纯度,然后给予25mmol/L葡萄糖干预,并分别给予不同浓度胰岛素予以干预,用MTT法检测细胞的增殖,并用流式细胞仪检测细胞周期和凋亡率的改变,以期解释增殖的差异性。结果鉴定MSCs纯度>90%。胰岛素能够纠正高糖所致的MSCs增殖抑制作用(P=0.000),并且对细胞周期S期百分比没有影响(P=0.066),但是能够明显降低高血糖所致的细胞凋亡率(P=0.001)。结论胰岛素治疗对高糖所致的MSCs增殖抑制具有改善作用,凋亡率的变化可以部分解释这种作用。     

丹参酮I和二氢丹参酮I对人胃癌细胞MGC-803、乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的抗肿瘤活性研究

目的:比较研究丹参酮I和二氢丹参酮I对人胃癌细胞MGC-803、乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的抗肿瘤活性。方法:从白花丹参中分离、纯化丹参酮I和二氢丹参酮I成分,采用MTT法测定对肿瘤细胞的生长抑制作用,同时采用流式细胞仪检测细胞周期的改变以及凋亡情况。结果:丹参酮I、二氢丹参酮I对MCF-7几乎没有生长抑制作用,对MGC-803有很明显的生长抑制作用,同时可明显阻滞人胃癌细胞MGC-803的细胞周期,使细胞核裂解呈现碎片状而产生凋亡小体,且其凋亡率成明显的上升趋势。结论:丹参酮I、二氢丹参酮I通过诱导细胞凋亡,对MGC-803肿瘤细胞具有很好的抑制作用,而对MCF-7几乎没有活性。     

丹参酮Ⅱ_A对HeLa宫颈癌细胞凋亡的影响

目的:探讨丹参酮ⅡA对HeLa宫颈癌细胞凋亡的影响及其作用机制。方法:应用MTT比色法检测不同浓度丹参酮ⅡA对HeLa宫颈癌细胞的增殖抑制,采用烟酸己可碱33258染色法观察丹参酮ⅡA对HeLa细胞凋亡的影响,并用半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应法检测用药后Bcl-2和bax基因mRNA的表达水平。结果:丹参酮ⅡA对HeLa细胞增殖的抑制作用呈剂量依赖性;它能促使HeLa细胞发生凋亡;用药48h后Bcl-2基因mRNA的表达水平明显降低,而bax基因的表达则无明显变化。结论:丹参酮ⅡA对HeLa细胞的增殖具有显著的抑制及诱导凋亡作用。     

丹参酮ⅡA对人卵巢癌细胞株CAOV3 增殖与凋亡的影响

［摘要］目的观察丹参酮ⅡA对人卵巢癌细胞株（CAOV3）增殖与凋亡的影响。方法培养人卵巢癌细胞株(CAOV3)，四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTT）比色法测定丹参酮ⅡA对细胞增殖的抑制作用；免疫沉淀法纯化蛋白，细胞外信号调节激酶（ERK）试剂盒测定ERK活性；流式细胞术测定丹参酮ⅡA对细胞凋亡的影响；免疫印记法（Western blot）测定Bax及bcl 2表达。结果MTT实验显示丹参酮ⅡA对CAOV3细胞增殖有明显抑制作用，免疫沉淀法显示丹参酮ⅡA可抑制ERK活性，流式细胞术显示丹参酮ⅡA可诱导CAOV3细胞凋亡，免疫印记法显示丹参酮ⅡA上调Bax，同时降低bcl 2表达，使Bax/bcl 2比值增加。结论丹参酮ⅡA可通过抑制ERK通路而抑制卵巢癌细胞增殖，并诱导细胞凋亡，其途径与上调Bax表达，降低bcl 2表达有关。     

Growth-inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing effects of tanshinones on hematological malignancy cells and their structure-activity relationship

This study has investigated the growth-inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing effects of dihydrotanshinone, tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, and cryptotanshinone on hematological malignancy cell lines, aiming to explore their structure-activity relationship. The growth-inhibitory effects of the tanshinones on K562 and Raji cells were assessed using a modified MTT assay; the apoptosis-inducing effects were assessed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analysis. The changes in cellular morphology were observed using an inverted phase-contrast microscope. MTT results revealed that these tanshinones inhibited cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner. The IC50 values of dihydrotanshinone, tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, and cryptotanshinone for K562 cells were 3.50, 13.52, 19.32, and 47.52 μmol/l at 24 h; 1.36, 4.70, 5.67, and 22.72 μmol/l at 48 h; and 1.15, 1.59, 2.82, and 19.53 μmol/l at 72 h, and the values for Raji cells were 3.30, 4.37, 12.92, and 52.36 μmol/l at 24 h; 1.55, 1.71, 6.54, and 25.45 μmol/l at 48 h; and 1.07, 1.38, 1.89, and 18.47 μmol/l at 72 h. The flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that these tanshinones induced apoptosis of K562 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, and dihydrotanshinone as well as tanshinone I were more potent than tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone. Some noticeable apoptotic morphologies could be observed by fluorescence microscopy on tanshinones-treated Raji cells. Collectively, these tanshinones caused growth inhibition and apoptosis in hematological malignancy cell lines, with dihydrotanshinone being the most potent, followed by tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, and cryptotanshinone. These results suggested that the structure of aromatic ring A enhanced the cytotoxicity and the structure of ring C may have contributed to the cytotoxicity, but the mechanisms need to be further investigated.     

Cytotoxicity of major tanshinones isolated from Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) on HepG2 cells in relation to glutathione perturbation.

Tanshinones are abietane type-diterpene quinones isolated from the roots of Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Among the major diterpenes isolated, including cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA and dihydrotanshinone, tanshinone IIA had been shown to posses various pharmacological activities including antioxidant, protection/prevention from angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and anticancer properties. Tanshinone IIA, usually the most abundant tanshinone present in the herb, has been the focus of studies in its clinical potential, among which its ability to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cell lines. The aim of this study was to study the cytotoxicity of the tanshinones on human HepG2 cells in vitro in relation to intracellular glutathione perturbation (reduced glutathione, GSH and oxidized glutathione, GSSG). Studies using MTT assay showed that all tanshinones decreased cell viability of HepG2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, with the cell viability decreased to 60% and 35% after 24 h and 48 h treatment, respectively. Assessment of apoptotic cells with fragmented DNA by flow cytometry indicated that only tanshinone IIA (12.5 and 25 microM) induced apoptosis in the cancer cells. Tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone caused significant decreases in G(1) cells by 23% and 13%, respectively, after 24 h treatment. The declines in G(1) cells were compensated by increases in G(2)/M (15% for tanshinone IIA) and S cells (8% and 13% for tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone, respectively). All the tanshinones studied, except tanshinone IIA, elevated GSH/GSSG ratio at low concentrations (1.56 and 3.13 microM), but the ratio decreased, indicating oxidative stress at high concentrations (6.25-25 microM). Taken together, tanshinone IIA caused HepG2 cytotoxicity through apoptosis without influencing oxidative stress, while the other tanshinones showed lower efficacy in inducing apoptosis in the HepG2 cells.     

甘肃丹参脂溶性成分的提取与纯化工艺研究

目的：研究从甘肃丹参中提取和纯化脂溶性成分的最佳工艺条件。方法：采用L9（3^4）正交设计,以总丹参酮、丹参酮ⅡA、隐丹参酮、二氢丹参酮和丹参酮Ⅰ的提取率为考察指标,优选最佳提取工艺;以总丹参酮的含量为考察指标,优选纯化总丹参酮粗提物的工艺条件。结果：总丹参酮的最佳提取条件为加8倍量的90％乙醇,回流提取3次,每次提取1h;最佳纯化工艺条件为加15倍量的5％碳酸钠溶液,洗涤5次。结论：纯化工艺条件能使总丹参酮粗提物的含量由20．31％上升至59．87％,达到了新药申报规定的要求。该提取和纯化总丹参酮的最佳工艺条件简便易行,适用于工业化生产。     

榄香烯对人肝癌HepG-2细胞增殖及拓扑异构酶表达的影响

目的探讨榄香烯(elemene,ELE)对人肝癌HepG-2细胞增殖、凋亡以及DNA拓扑异构酶Ⅰ和Ⅱ(TOPOⅠ、TO-POⅡ)表达的影响。方法采用倒置显微镜观察ELE对HepG-2细胞形态学的影响;采用噻唑蓝还原法(MTT)观察ELE对HepG-2细胞增殖的影响;采用AnnexinV/PI双染色法检测细胞凋亡;采用RT-PCR法检测ELE对HepG-2细胞TOPOⅠ和TOPOⅡmRNA表达的影响;采用Western blot法检测ELE对HepG-2细胞TOPOⅠ和TOPOⅡ蛋白表达的影响。结果 ELE抑制HepG-2细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡,呈时间和剂量依赖性;下调TOPOⅠ、TOPOⅡmRNA及蛋白的表达,呈剂量依赖性。结论 ELE能抑制人肝癌HepG-2细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡,下调TOPOⅠ、TOPOⅡ表达可能是其机制之一。     

丹参酮有关化合物的合成

药理试验表明丹参酮IIA及隐丹参酮等有耐缺氧作用。丹参酮IIA等的耐缺氧作用,可能与其邻醌结构有关。我们合成了一些改变醌式结构的丹参酮类似物,经试验,它们的耐缺氧作用减弱。丹参酮IIA由于磺酸基的引入而成水溶性化合物,临床试验对冠心病有效。但存在一些缺点,为了寻找更好的水溶性的丹参酮类化合物,合成了若干丹参酮Ⅰ和IIA的Mannich碱,药理试验表明有较好的抑菌作用。有关心血管方面的药理将另文报道。     

高效液相色谱法快速测定丹参中5种活性成分的含量

目的:建立反相高效液相色谱法快速测定丹参中丹酚酸B、二氢丹参酮Ⅰ、隐丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ和丹参酮ⅡA含量。方法:采用Kinetex核-壳技术色谱柱(100 mm×4.6 mm,2.6μm),以乙腈-0.1%三氟乙酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,柱温30℃,检测波长为280 nm(丹酚酸B)和254 nm(丹参酮类)。结果:丹酚酸B、二氢丹参酮Ⅰ、隐丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ和丹参酮ⅡA5个成分浓度分别在3.40～850μg.mL-1(r=0.9998),0.96～240μg.mL-1(r=0.9999),2.04～255μg.mL-1(r=0.9995),0.27～68μg.mL-1(r=0.9998),1.12～210μg.mL-1(r=0.9997)范围内与峰面积呈现良好的线性;平均回收率(n=3)在97.32%～104.9%之间,RSD≤4.7%。结论:该方法快速、简便、灵敏,可用于丹参药材的质量控制。     

Molecular mechanisms of inhibitory activities of tanshinones on Lipopolysaccharide-lnduced nitric oxide generation in RAW 264.7 cells

The effects of four tanshinones isolated from Tanshen (the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Labiatae) were tested for their inhibition of nitric oxide production in macrophage cells, and the underlying molecular mechanisms studied. Of the four tanshinones used, 15, 16-dihydrotanshinone-I, tanshinone-IIA and cryptotanshinone, but not tanshinone I, demonstrated significant inhibition of the LPS-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells, with calculated IC50 values of 5, 8, and 1.5 microM, respectively. Tanshinones exerted inhibitory activities on the LPS-induced nitric oxide production only when applied concurrently with LPS, and tanshinone-IIA and cryptotanshinone were found to inhibit LPS-induced NF-kappaB mobilization and extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, respectively. These results suggest that tanshinones inhibit LPS-induced nitric oxide generation by interfering with the initial stage of LPS-induced expression of certain genes. NF-kappaB and ERK could be the molecular targets for tanshinones for the inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production in macrophage cells.     

Activation of CYP3A-mediated testosterone 6β-hydroxylation by tanshinone IIA and midazolam 1-hydroxylation by cryptotanshinone in human liver microsomes

This study evaluated the in vitro activation of CYP3A-mediated midazolam 1-hydroxylation and testosterone 6β-hydroxylation by tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, and cryptotanshinone. The abilities of tanshinones to activate CYP3A-mediated midazolam 1-hydroxylation and testosterone 6β-hydroxylation in human liver microsomes (HLMs) were tested. Substrate- and effector-dependent activation of CYP3A by tanshinones were both observed. Cryptotanshinone was shown to activate CYP3A-mediated midazolam 1-hydroxylation in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, tanshinone IIA and tanshinone I did not activate this hydroxylation reaction. In addition, tanshinone IIA activated CYP3A-mediated testosterone 6β-hydroxylation, whereas cryptotanshinone and tanshinone I did not. The results from our study enhance the understanding of CYP3A activation by tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone in HLMs. Additionally, these data allow for an accurate prediction of the magnitude and likelihood of Danshen-drug interactions.