预激综合征并发心房颤动心电图分析

目的:探讨预激综合征并发心房颤动的心电图特征及鉴别诊断.方法:分析15例预激综合征并发心房颤动患者的心电图(心室率、f波、RR间距的变化范围以及QRS波的形态).结果:15例心室率为160~230次/min,平均180次/min;当心室率>180次/min时,全部导联见不到f波;RR间距的变化范围为0 18~0 76 s;QRS波绝大多数表现为完全预激图形,少数为典型预激图形及正常QRS图形.结论:预激综合征并发心房颤动的心电图特征是:极快速的心室率,RR间距绝对不等,QRS波增宽呈delta波,QRS波表现为完全预激图形、典型预激图形及正常QRS的不同组合.     

预激综合征合并心房颤动心电图19例分析

目的　回顾分析预激综合征 (WPW )合并心房颤动 (Af)的心电图特征 ,探讨其鉴别诊断。方法　分析 19例WPW合并Af的室率、f波、R R间距变化 ,QRS波形 ,以及心电轴等表现。结果　 19例室率为 16 0～ 2 30次 /min ,平均 180次 /min ;当心室率 >180次 /min时 ,全部导联见不到f波 ;R R间距的变动范围为 0 18～ 0 76s;QRS波绝大多数表现为完全预激图形 ,在心室率 <180次 /min时为完全预激、典型预激及正常QRS波的不同组合。无 1例电轴处于无人区。结论　WPW合并Af的心电图特征是 :快速的室率 ;f波少见 ,仅在长间距偶见 ;R R间距绝对不等 ,出现最长R R间距大于最短R R间距的 2倍 ;QRS波表现为完全预激、典型预激及正常QRS波的不同组合。Brugada等对于室上性过速伴差异性传导与室速程序鉴别方法 ,对于WPW并Af的心电图诊断 ,应用时有可能造成误诊     

预激综合征合并心房扑动、心房颤动心电图特征分析

目的探讨预激综合征（WPW）合并心房扑动（AF）、心房颤动（Ⅳ）的心电图特征及鉴别诊断。方法分析2例WPW合并AF，6例WPW合并M心电图的F波或f波、R—R间距的变化范围、心室率及QRS波形态的特点。结果8例WPW中A型5例、B型3例，其中4例可见F波或f波，R—R间距变化范围在0．20-1．08之间（1．0s为起搏间期），心室率在75—300次／分之间。QRS波2例呈完全WPW图形，1．例呈完全典型WPW图形，4例大部分呈完全WPW图形。少部分呈典型WPW图形或正常图形。1例AF者心室率快，2：1下传时呈完全WPW图形。心室率慢时为3：1-5：1时呈正常图形或起搏图形。结论WPW合并AF、Af的心电图是：较快的心室率甚至或达极速的心室率，AF波传导比例相等时R—R间距可均齐，Af时R—R间距不齐。QRS波增宽起始呈8波，可表现为完全WPW图形、典型WPW图形及正常QRs波的不同组合。     

预激综合征合并心房颤动的心电图分析

预激综合征常并发心房颤动(Af),其发生率为11.5%～39.0%,心电图表现为快速而宽大畸形的QRS波群,酷似室性心动过速,心室率可达180～250次/分.并发Af时的极快心室率又有引起心室颤动和猝死的危险,因此正确认识预激综合征合并心房颤动的心电图表现显得十分重要.现对本院68例预激综合征合并Af者的心电图资料进行分析,报告如下.     

宽QRS波心动过速静推普罗帕酮致心室停搏一例

临床普遍将普罗帕酮静脉注射作为治疗宽QRS波心动过速的首选药物。关于普罗帕酮的心血管副反应已有陆续报道。最近我们遇到3例宽QRS波心动过速患者,在缓慢静推普罗帕酮时引起室速、室扑、心室停搏。现报道如下。图1　说明见文内例1,患者男性,50岁,患风心病30年,脑梗塞1年。曾在我科多次住院治疗,以往ECG(图略)为A型预激综合征合并心房纤颤。此次以上腹部持续性疼痛3h入院,考虑为胃动脉栓塞,入院后10h发生左心衰。急查ECG(图1)示:宽QRS心动过速,心室率平均为180次/分。根据以往ECG考虑为A型预激合并心房纤颤。在常规ECG导联监护下,…     

心房颤动伴预激综合征1例

患者,男,41岁,因持续心悸伴心动过速就诊。心电图示P波消失,心室率193次/min;QRS波的形态基本一致,但时限宽窄不一,可见最短的RR间距200ms。结合后期记录的窦性心电图及其QRS波起始部形态一致的特点,不难做出预激综合征合并心房颤动的诊断。     

阵发性心房颤动揭示潜在性预激综合征1例

患者男性．62岁。发作心悸、气促已多年。查体：心律绝对不齐。心音强弱不等。脉搏短拙。临床诊断：阵发性心房颤动。心电图示：各导联P波消失．代之以f波；R—R间距不规则；QRS波宽窄不一。宽QRS波可见明显预激波；V1及V3导联可见手风琴样改变；心室率平均约160次／分。心电图诊断：预激综合征（WPW）合并心房颤动。阵发性心房颤动终止后。心电图多次记录均未出现预激波。     

心房扑动伴表现特殊的预激综合征1例

患者男,57岁。临床诊断:冠心病。既往有预激综合征、阵发性室上性心动过速史。入院心电图示心房颤动伴间歇性预激综合征。口服胺碘酮治疗第9天心电图(附图上)示:V_1导联有规整的F波,F波频率280次/min,QRS波群呈室上性,R-R间期规则,R波频率70次/min,房室传导1:1。心电图诊断:心房扑动伴4:1房室传导。第10天(附图中)心房率、心室率同附图上,QRS波群时间0.14—0.15s,QRS波群初始6波不明显,QRS波群畸形程度比附图下典型预激综合征更为显著。心电图诊断:心房     

《思考心电图之77》答案

本例心电图均未见窦性P波，长Ⅱ导联似可见纤细的f波，R-P间期绝对不规则，为0.24~0.40s，平均心室率192次/min，QRS波群宽大畸形，肢体导联形态多变，如长Ⅱ导联呈QS、QRS、rsr'、rsR'型，胸导联形态基本一致，I、aVL、V5、V6导联QRS波群起始部粗钝为δ波，长Ⅱ导联QRS波群形态多变与f波下传心室的途径有关，当f波均由房室旁道下传心室时，便出现呈QS型完全性预激QRS波群。当f波由房室正道下传心室时，便出现正常形态QRS波群。当f波由房室旁道、正道下传心室时，则出现部分性预激QRS波群。符合B型预激综合征合并快速型心房颤…     

艾司洛尔转复预激综合征并心房颤动1例

患者男性,40岁。因持续胸闷心慌5h入院。查体：心率182次／min,律不齐,心音强弱不一,未闻及心脏杂音。临床诊断;冠心病,心房纤颤。心电图（图1）示;心室率约180次／rain,R—R间距不规整,ORS波群宽大畸形,     

Onset of atrial fibrillation during antidromic tachycardia: Association with sudden cardiac arrest and ventricular fibrillation in a patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

Electrophysiologic evaluation in an 18 year old youth with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome who had a sudden cardiac arrest while playing racquetball revealed two types of paroxysmal reciprocating tachycardia: (1) A normal QRS tachycardia with a short ventriculoatrial (V-A) interval fulfilled the criteria for reentry within the atrioventricular (A-V) node; and (2) a wide QRS tachycardia with a QRS configuration of maximal preexcitation was demonstrated to be the result of an antidromic mechanism.During laboratory study, the wide QRS tachycardia spontaneously degenerated into atrial fibrillation. In the basal state, the shortest R-R interval between preexcited QRS complexes was 270 ms, but after infusion of isoproterenol (1.6 μg/min intravenously), the shortest R-R interval became 180 ms. Consequently, this electrophysiologic study suggested that evolution of antidromic reciprocating tachycardia into atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular response during exercise-induced catecholamine release may have been the mechanism for ventricular fibrillation in this patient.     

Effect of flestolol on ventricular rate during atrial fibrillation in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

The ultrashort-acting beta blocker flestolol was studied during atrial pacing and atrial fibrillation (AF) in 10 patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Flestolol was given as a 100-micrograms/kg bolus followed by a 10-micrograms/kg/min infusion for 15 minutes. The drug did not alter the antegrade effective refractory period of the accessory pathway or the atrial paced cycle length at which block occurred in the accessory pathway. After flestolol, the percent of preexcited QRS complexes during AF increased (60 +/- 10 vs 87 +/- 5%, p = 0.01). Despite this, the ventricular rate slowed, with increases in mean RR interval (382 +/- 20 vs 416 +/- 22 ms, p = 0.02) and in the shortest interval between preexcited QRS complexes (251 +/- 18 vs 270 +/- 17 ms, p less than 0.01). The effect of isoproterenol 3 to 5 micrograms/min was studied in 5 patients. During atrial pacing, isoproterenol decreased the antegrade refractory period and the atrial paced cycle length of block in the accessory pathway (p less than or equal to 0.05). During AF, it decreased the percent of preexcited QRS complexes, mean RR interval and shortest interval between preexcited QRS complexes (p less than 0.05). Flestolol reversed the effects of isoproterenol both during atrial pacing and AF. Thus, flestolol does not alter conduction over the accessory pathway during atrial pacing, but during AF it slows conduction over the accessory pathway and prevents isoproterenol-mediated increases in ventricular rate. This suggests that in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome sympathetic stimulation after the onset of AF enhances conduction over the accessory pathway and is an important determinant of ventricular rate.     

Treatment of atrial tachyarrhythmias and preexcitation syndrome with flecainide acetate

Sixteen consecutive patients who had ventricular preexcitation complicated by atrial fibrillation or flutter were treated with intravenous flecainide acetate after treatment with as many as 5 unsuccessful trial regimens with other drugs. In 15 patients who had atrial fibrillation, the shortest RR interval during spontaneous episodes was 210 +/- 39 ms (mean +/- standard deviation), and the average ventricular rate was 208 +/- 37 beats/min. Intravenous flecainide prevented induction of atrial fibrillation in 4 of 9 patients and eliminated anterograde accessory pathway conduction in 9 of the 16 patients. In 5 patients whose atrial fibrillation remained inducible and who continued to have preexcitation, the shortest preexcited RR interval increased from 185 +/- 29 to 281 +/- 46 ms (p less than 0.01). Fourteen patients who had favorable responses to intravenous flecainide were given an oral regimen of the drug. Oral treatment was discontinued early because of proarrhythmic effects in 2 patients, and after 2 1/2 months because of headaches in 1 patient. Eleven patients, 5 receiving concomitant beta-blockade therapy, have continued to receive a regimen of flecainide for a mean of 21 months (range 3 to 48). Seven patients have had no clinical recurrence of arrhythmias. Recurrences in 4 patients have been rare and brief with no changes in therapy required.     

Paroxysmal atrial flutter and fibrillation associated with preexcitation syndrome: treatment with ajmaline

Ajmaline was administered intravenously to six patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome for the acute management of paroxysmal atrial flutter (three patients) or fibrillation (three patients) with a fast ventricular response (over the accessory pathway). Ajmaline increased refractoriness in the accessory pathway in all three patients with atrial flutter and stopped the flutter in one. The drug completely abolished preexcitation in two of the three patients with atrial fibrillation, decreasing the mean ventricular rate of 240 and 300 beats/min to 110 and 180 beats/min, respectively. In the third patient with atrial fibrillation, ajmaline increased refractoriness over the accessory pathway, decreasing the mean ventricular rate of 300 beats/min to 160 beats/min. In two patients ajmaline was continued as an intravenous maintenance infusion until sinus rhythm was restored. It is concluded that ajmaline is an effective drug for the acute management of atrial flutter or fibrillation with a fast ventricular response in patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.     

Typical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia in a patient with fasciculoventricular pathway

We report a 34-year-old female patient with preexcitation electrocardiogram and recurrent paroxysmal palpitations. Standard 12-lead electrocardiogram showed minimal preexcitation with normal PR interval and normal frontal QRS axis. The electrophysiologic study showed normal AH intervals, short HV intervals, and no change in the degree of preexcitation by rapid atrial pacing. These findings were compatible with the fasciculoventricular pathway. Typical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia with narrow QRS complex and normal HV interval was induced reproducibly by programmed electrical stimulation. Slow pathway was ablated successfully with radiofrequency catheter ablation, and then the patient remained asymptomatic during a follow-up of 12 months. Although the fasciculoventricular pathway is rare and supraventricular tachycardia in a patient with fasciculoventricular pathway may mimic Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, possibility of typical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia with fasciculoventricular pathway should be considered as a mechanism of supraventricular tachycardia in a patient showing preexcitation electrocardiogram.     

胺碘酮治疗预激综合征并发快速性心房颤动45例疗效观察

目的观察胺碘酮注射液治疗预激综合征(WPW)合并快速性心房颤动的疗效。方法对45例患者予胺碘酮150mg静脉注射,继之以0.5~1mg/min滴速,根据实际情况维持1~3d;同时口服胺碘酮200mg/d,必要时间隔15min重复静脉注射75~150mg,24h总量平均为865mg。结果 45例均取得满意疗效,未见严重毒副反应。结论静脉用胺碘酮对WPW合并快速性房颤治疗,安全有效。     

Spectrum of regular tachycardias with wide QRS complexes in patients with accessory atrioventricular pathways

Reciprocating tachycardia and atrial flutter or fibrillation are the rhythm disorders most frequently documented in patients with accessory atrioventricular (A-V) pathways. Reciprocating tachycardia typically results in a regular tachycardia (140 to 250/min) with a normal QRS pattern, although on occasion bundle branch block aberration occurs. Atrial flutter or fibrillation may result in an irregular ventricular response, with the QRS configuration being normal or exhibiting bundle branch block or various degrees of ventricular preexcitation, or both. Although much less common than either reciprocating tachycardia or atrial flutter/fibrillation, regular tachycardias with a wide QRS complex suggestive of ventricular preexcitation are observed in patients with accessory pathways. Excluding functional or preexisting bundle branch block, several arrhythmias may cause these electrocardiographic findings which may mimic those of ventricular tachycardia.In the present study a variety of arrhythmias that resulted in tachycardias with a wide QRS complex were examined in 163 patients with accessory pathways who underwent clinical electrophysiologic study for evaluation of recurrent tachyarrhythmias. Twenty-six patients (15 percent) manifested a regular tachycardia with a wide QRS complex suggesting ventricular preexcitation. Atrial flutter with 1:1 anterograde conduction over an accessory pathway (15 of 26 patients, 58 percent) was the most frequent arrhythmia and was usually associated with a heart rate of 240/min or greater (12 of 15 patients). Reciprocating tachycardia with conduction in the anterograde direction over an accessory pathway (antidromic reciprocating tachycardia) occurred in 7 of 26 patients (27 percent), and resulted in a slower ventricular rate than atrial flutter (217 ± 22 versus 262 ± 42, P < 0.01). Other arrhythmias included reciprocating tachycardia with reentry utilizing a fasciculoventricular or nodoventricular connection (two patients, 8 percent), reciprocating tachycardia with reentry in the atrium or A-V node and anterograde accessory pathway conduction (one patient, 4 percent) and ventricular tachycardia (one patient, 4 percent).In this study the clinical electrophysiologic diagnostic features of several arrhythmias which cause tachycardias with a wide QRS compex suggesting ventricular preexcitation are outlined. It is apparent that definitive arrhythmia diagnosis during these tachycardias is often complex and usually requires careful study using intracardiac electrode catheter techniques.     

心房颤动患者“曲尺”状Lorenz散点图的临床意义

目的：分析心房颤动（房颤）患者Lorenz散点图的特点,并探讨“曲尺”状Lorenz散点图的临床意义。方法从2012年1月至2013年7月于武汉大学人民医院确诊的房颤患者中,按照一定的标准选取220例,行体表心电图、24 h动态心电图、超声心动图检查,检测长RR间期个数、24 h平均心率、各心腔内径、左心室射血分数（ LVEF）等指标。结果 Lorenz散点图“曲尺”状图形表现为散点图的扇形圆边缘被一“曲尺”状图形覆盖,边界清晰。根据有无“曲尺”状图形,将入选的220例病例分为A组（n=40）、B组（n=180）。两组病例中RR间期〈1．5 s个数、最慢心率、最快心率、24 h平均心率、左右心房及右心室内径、左心室射血分数均差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;年龄、RR间期〈2．0 s个数、主动脉内径、左心室内径、室间隔及左心室后壁厚度差异无统计学意义（ P〉0．05）。结论房颤患者Lorenz散点图中“曲尺”状图形与平均心率下降、左心房内径增大、LVEF减低相关,提示心房存在明显结构重构和电重构。     

Catheter ablation after the direct electrical recording of the bundle of Kent. Apropos of 3 cases

The success rate of catheter ablation, the latest therapeutic method in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias, varies according to the precise indication. The best and most logical guarantee of its efficacy is the application of the electrical energy at an anatomical site essential to the arrhythmia. In preexcitation syndromes this site is without doubt the accessory pathway itself rather than its insertions, but this implies the recording of its activation. We recorded the electrical activation of a right sided Kent bundle in three consecutive cases to guide the therapeutic procedure (comparable to the recording of the H potential for his bundle ablation). All patients had paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (minimal RR interval: 175, 150 and 200 ms) and orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia. Two patients had had attacks of ventricular fibrillation. The sites of the Kent bundles were posteroseptal in 2 cases and anterolateral in 1 case. The recording of the electrical activation of the Kent bundle was validated by: the passage (induced or spontaneous) of a preexcited to a normal QRS coincident with the disappearance of the K potential; the exclusion of an atrial or ventricular origin of the electrical activation supposed to be the activation of the Kent bundle; electrical stimulation at the site of the recording of the K potential leading to prolongation of the stimulus-delta wave interval from 10 to 35 ms, with QRS morphology identical to the spontaneous complexes. All 3 patients were clinically cured by catheter ablation at the site of recording of the Kent bundle activation with follow-up periods ranging from 10 to 16 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)