海马掺伪的经验鉴别

海马掺伪的经验鉴别张志杰，桓英，张淑珍，刘亚伟（河南省平项山市中医院平顶山市４６７０００）海马为海龙科动物克氏海马ＨｉｐｐｏｃａｍｐｎｓＫｅｌｌｏｇｇｉＪｏｒｄａｎｅｔＳｕｇｏｌｅｒ、刺海马ＨｉｐｐｏｃａｍｐｎｓｈｉｓｔｒｉｘＫａｕｐ、大海马Ｈｉｐｐ...     

ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA ,VOL.37,No .1 - 12 SUBJECT INDEX

ＰｈａｒｍａｃｏｌｏｇｙＥｆｆｅｃｔｏｆＰｕｅｒａｒｉｎｏｎＬｅａｒｎｉｎｇ ｍｅｍｏｒｙＢｅｈａｖｉｏｒａｎｄＳｙｎａｐｔｉｃＳｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｆＨｉｐｐｏｃａｍｐｕｓｉｎｔｈｅＡｇｉｎｇＭｉｃｅＩｎｄｕｃｅｄｂｙＤ ＧａｌａｃｔｏｓｅＸＵＸＨ ,ＺＨＡＮＧＺＧ ( 4 )…………………………………………………………ＥｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆＰｒａｅｒｕｐｔｏｒｉｎＣｏｎＣｅｌｌＨｙｐｅｒｔｒｏｐｈｙ ,Ｉｎｔｒａｃｅｌｌｕｌａｒ [Ｃａ2 +]ｉ,ＮｉｔｒｉｃＯｘｉｄｅａｎｄＳｉｇｎａｌＴｒａｎｓｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｉｎ…     

急性白血病病人化疗后的血液学及生化变化

急性白血病病人化疗后的血液学及生化变化ＡｚｍａｔＲＡＳＨＥＥＤ，ＡｓｉｆＩＱＴＩＤＡＲ，ＳｈａｈｂａｚＫＨＡＮ（ＰｈａｒｍａｃｏｌｏｇｙＳｅｃｔｉｏｎ，ＦａｃｕｌｔｙｏｆＰｈａｒｍａｃｙ，ＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＰｕｎｊａｂ，ＯｌｄＣａｍｐｕｓ，Ｌａ...     

癫痫发作及电针时大鼠脑内c—fos蛋白的表达

本实验在海马青霉素致痫模型上观察了致痫及致痫加电针后脑内ｃ－ｆｏｓ蛋白的变化。结果表明致痫时海马ＣＡ１区，齿状回，梨状皮层，背测内嗅皮层，杏仁核见到较多的ｃ－ｆｏｓ在ＣＡ１区明显减少，在ＣＡ３区及上述余各区则显著增加。提示：致痫能引起与癫痫发作有关的某些核团ｃ－ｆｏｓ表达，电针抗痫作用可能和调节上述部位ｃ－ｆｏｓ表达有关。     

SC1001Na对马桑内酯点燃大鼠海马脑片CA1区锥体细胞群体锋电…

作者用离体海马脑片技术，从细胞水平观察及比较了ｓｃ１００１Ｎａ对马桑内酯点燃大鼠海马脑片ＣＡ１区群体锋电位（ＰＳ）的影响。结果表明：不同浓度的ｓｃ１００１Ｎａ和安定对ＰＳ均有抑制作用，其抑制作用在对照组两组比较有显著差异（Ｐ〈０．００１），而在点燃组无显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。提示ｓｃ１００１Ｎａ具有较强的中枢抑制作用。但其作用机制可能与安定不同。     

老年性痴呆治疗的药物与临床应用

老年性痴呆 (ａｌｚｈｅｉｍｅｒ’ｓｄｉｓｅａｓｅ,ＡＤ)是老年人常见病之一。其病因尚不清楚 ,但研究发现 ,患者脑内皮层及海马区的病变比较明显 ,前脑基底核胆碱能神经元破坏最多 ,脑皮层及海马内胆碱乙酰转移酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶 (ＡｃｈＥ)水平降低 ,突触前胆碱受体数目减少 ,脑血流量显著降低等。ＡＤ治疗的药物就是以这些病理及生理变化为依据 ,通过药物作用于不同的神经递质传递系统 ,增强中枢神经系统的高级活动 ,从而治疗ＡＤ症状或延缓ＡＤ病程。1　神经组织功能改善剂1.1　ＡｃｈＥ抑制剂　他克林 (ｔａｃｒｉｎｅ)是一种中枢神经…     

人参皂苷Rg1对大鼠海马c—fos基因表达和cAMP含量的影响

探讨Ｒｇ１对神经系统作用的机制。采用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹分析法、检测了Ｒｇ１处理前后大鼠海马组织的ｃ－ｆｏｓ基因和蛋白的表达。老年鼠ｃ－ｆｏｓ基因和蛋白的表达明显低于青年鼠，但给Ｒｇ１后老年鼠和青年鼠均呈现显著性增强效庆。     

探针技术在中药材品质监控方面的研究与应用(英文)

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮ　　Ｔｈｅｔｙｐｅａｎｄｓｐｅｃｔｒｕｍｏｆｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓａｒｅｃｈａｎｇｉｎｇｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙａｓｔｈｅｓｏｃｉｅｔｙａｇｉｎｇｔｏｄａｙ .Ｔｈｅａｕｔｏｉｍｍｕｎｅｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓｓｕｃｈａｓｓｅｎｉｌｅｄｅｍｅｎｔｉａ ,ＡＩＤＳ ,ａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｃａｒｄｉｏ ｃｅｒｅｂｒａｌｖａｓｃｕｌａｒｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓｓｕｃｈａｓｈｙｐｅｒｔｅｎｓｉｏｎ ,ａｒｒｈｙｔｈｍｉａ ,ｍｙｏｃａｒｄｉａｃｉｎｆａｒｃｔｉｏｎａｒｅｂｅｃｏｍｉｎｇａｎｉｎｔｒａｃｔａｂｌｅａ…     

植物多糖在胃肠道及肝病中的新作用(英文)

Ｔｈｅｐｏｌｙｓａｃｃｈａｒｉｄｅｆｒａｃｔｉｏｎｆｒｏｍｖａｒｉｏｕｓｈｅｒｂａｌｍｅｄｉｃｉｎｅｓｈａｓｂｅｅｎｗｅｌｌｓｔｕｄｉｅｄｆｏｒｉｔｓｉｍｍｕｎｏｍｏｄｕｌａｔｏｒｙａｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄａｎｔｉｔｕｍｏｒｅｆｆｅｃｔ,ｓｕｃｈａｓｌｅｎｔｉｎａｎａｎｄｌｕｃｉｄＧａｎｏｄｅｒｍａ ,ｆｏｒｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎｔｗｅｎｔｙｙｅａｒｓ .Ｔｈｅｓｅａｃｔｉｏｎｓａｎｄｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｍａｙｂｅｄｕｅｔｏｓｔｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｐｈａｇｏｃｙｔｉｃａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙａｎｄａｎｔｉ ｉｎｆｌａｍ…     

Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences Instructions to Authors 2003

1 .Ｔｈｉｓｊｏｕｒｎａｌｉｓａｗｏｒｌｄｗｉｄｅｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄｊｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆｐｈａｒｍａｃｅｕｔｉｃａｌｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｓｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇｍｅｄｉｃｉｎａｌｃｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙ ,ｐｈｙｔｏ ｃｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙ ,ｐｈａｒｍａｃｏｇｎｏｓｙ ,ｐｈａｒｍａｃｅｕｔｉｃａｌａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ ,ｐｈａｒｍａｃｅｕｔｉｃｓａｎｄｐｈａｒｍａｃｏｌｏｇｙ .Ｔｈｅｊｏｕｒｎａｌｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｓｐａｐｅｒｓｏｆｔｈｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｃａｔｅｇｏｒｉｅｓ :ｏｒｉｇｉｎａｌｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓ…     

纳米氧化锌的制备及紫外吸收特性考察

目的制备纳米氧化锌并考察其紫外吸收特性。方法以硝酸锌、尿素为原料,采用均匀沉淀法制备氧化锌前驱体[Zn(OH)2],通过煅烧制备纳米氧化锌。结果制备出的纳米氧化锌粒径在20～40 nm之间,形态呈球形或类球形;纳米氧化锌具有较强的紫外吸收特性,紫外吸收峰波长为377 nm。结论以硝酸锌、尿素为原料,采用均匀沉淀法能制得分散性好、大小均匀的纳米氧化锌。     

Inhibition by CV-3988 of the binding of [3H]-platelet activating factor (PAF) to the platelet

The inhibitory effects of CV-3988, a specific antagonist of PAF, on the binding of [3H]-PAF to washed platelets of various species including human were examined. The dissociation constant (Kd), binding capacity (Bmax), and the number of receptor/platelet for the specific binding site of rabbit platelets were 2.2 +/- 0.2 nM, 93.7 +/- 8.3 fmoles/10(8) platelets, and 568 +/- 50, respectively. CV-3988 selectively inhibited the specific binding of [3H]-PAF to rabbit platelets with an IC50 of 7.9 X 10(-8) M, and it slightly increased the Kd value (2.5 +/- 0.8 nM) and decreased the binding capacity for PAF (Bmax: 54.3 +/- 16.3 fmoles/10(8) platelets). The Ki value of CV-3988 for the specific binding of [3H]-PAF to rabbit platelets was 1.2 X 10(-7) M. CV-3988 had no effects on the binding of [3H]-5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) to rabbit platelets and on the shape change of the platelet induced by 5-HT. CV-3988 also inhibited the specific binding of [3H]-PAF to human and guinea-pig platelets with IC50 values of 1.6 X 10(-7) and 1.8 X 10(-7) M, respectively. CV-3988 inhibited the PAF-induced aggregation in rabbit, guinea-pig, and human platelets. These findings show that CV-3988 is a specific antagonist of PAF at the receptor site(s) of platelets and, in these species, inhibits PAF-induced platelet aggregation by inhibiting the binding of PAF to the "PAF receptor". No specific binding of [3H]-PAF to the platelet of rats and mice was observed, indicating that these species lack a PAF receptor.     

Differential inhibitory effects of drugs acting at the noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine transporters in rat and human neocortical synaptosomes

Background and purpose:

Although the amino acid sequences of rat and human 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA) transporters (i.e. SERT and NET) are highly homologous, species differences exist in the inhibitory effects of drugs acting at these transporters. Therefore, comparison of the potencies of drugs acting at SERT and NET in native human and rat neocortex may serve to more accurately predict their clinical profile.

Experimental approach:

Synaptosomes prepared from fresh human and rat neocortical tissues were used for [³H]-5-HT and [³H]-NA saturation and competition uptake experiments. The drugs tested included NA reuptake inhibitors (desipramine, atomoxetine and (S,S)-reboxetine), 5-HT reuptake blockers (citalopram, fluoxetine and fluvoxamine) and dual 5-HT/NA reuptake inhibitors (duloxetine and milnacipran).

Key results:

In saturation experiments on synaptosomal [³H]-5-HT and [³H]-NA uptake, the dissociation constants did not indicate species differences although a smaller density of both SERT and NET was observed in human tissues. In competition experiments with the various drugs, marked species differences in their potencies were observed, especially at SERT. The rank order of selectivity ratios (SERT/NET) in human neocortex was as follows: citalopram ≥ duloxetine = fluvoxamine ≥ fluoxetine > milnacipran > desipramine = atomoxetine > (S,S)-reboxetine. Significant species differences in these ratios were observed for duloxetine, atomoxetine and desipramine.

Conclusions and implications:

This study provides the first compilation of drug potency at native human neocortical SERT and NET. The significant species differences (viz., human vs. rat) in drug potency suggest that the general use of rodent data should be limited to predict clinical efficacy or profile.     

不同剂量前列腺素E2对H9c2心肌细胞肥大的影响

目的:研究前列腺素E2(PGE2)对H9c2心肌细胞的肥大作用,并分析其量效关系,为寻找抗心肌肥大的潜在靶点提供理论依据.方法:将H9c2心肌细胞分为空白对照组(C组)和PGE2处理组,PGE2处理组又分为小剂量PGE2组(D1组)、中剂量PGE2组(D2组)和大剂量PGE2组(D3组).各组细胞培养液中PGE2终浓度分别为0、0.1、1及10 μmol/L.给药孵育48 h后,利用荧光显微镜观察大鼠H9c2心肌细胞形态及体积;通过测量细胞直径大小、BCA法测定细胞总蛋白含量来确定心肌细胞是否肥大;RT-PCR技术测量心钠肽(Atrial natriuretic peptide,ANP)、脑钠肽(Brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)mRNA的表达水平,以此判断是否发生病理性肥大.结果:与C组比较,免疫荧光显示D1组、D2组及D3组细胞形态改变、体积增大;细胞直径及总蛋白含量显著增加(P＜0.05),不同剂量PGE2组间亦具有统计学差异(P＜0.05);D2组及D3组较C组细胞内ANP、BNP mRNA表达水平显著增高(P＜0.05).结论:PGE2可剂量依赖地诱导H9c2心肌细胞肥大,较大剂量PGE2引发心肌细胞病理性肥大.抑制PGE2合成有望为抑制心肌肥大提供靶点.     

Effect of Aggregation on the Hydrodynamic Properties of Bovine Serum Albumin

Purpose

To systematically analyze shape and size of soluble irreversible aggregates and the effect of aggregate formation on viscosity.

Methods

Online light scattering, refractive index and viscosity detectors attached to HPLC (Viscotek®) were used to study aggregation, molecular weight and intrinsic viscosity of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Irreversible aggregates were generated by heat stress. Bulk viscosity was measured by an oscillating piston viscometer.

Results

As BSA was heated at a higher concentration or for a longer time, the relative contribution, molecular weight and intrinsic viscosity of aggregate species increased. Molecular shape was evaluated from intrinsic viscosity values, and aggregates were estimated to be more asymmetric than monomer species. The presence of aggregates resulted in an increase in bulk viscosity when relative contribution of very high molecular weight species exceeded 10%.

Conclusions

For model system and conditions studied, generation of higher order aggregate species was concluded to be associated with an increase in molecular asymmetry. Elevated viscosity in the presence of aggregated species points to molecular asymmetry being a critical parameter affecting solution viscosity of BSA.

     

犀角类药材的宏观与微观鉴别研究

本文对犀角类药材——暹罗角、广角与小犀角——的形态,组织构造及粉末特征进行了详细的研究。实验表明这三种犀角都是由有细胞构造的许多毛发状的束被间质组织粘结而成的一种器官。束的中心有一个管状的髓部,其中有类球形的髓细胞统松排列,常有气隙存在。髓的周围有多数同心性排列的扁平鳞片状皮层细胞,束间是由数层扁平鳞片状的间质细胞组成。染色试验表明,细胞膜含有角质透明蛋白,而细胞内的原生质则含有角母蛋白。这几种犀角可根据其束的横切面特征如颜色、皮层细胞的形状、色素颗粒的多少、皮层裂隙的有无及多少等进行区别。     

Differences of draining lymph node cell proliferation among mice, rats and guinea pigs following exposure to metal allergens.

Contact sensitivities of three well known metal allergens (nickel sulfate, potassium dichromate and cobalt chloride) were examined using the local lymph node assay in CBA/N mice, F344 rats and Hartley guinea pigs. The effect of various species sera on lymph node cell (LNC) proliferation was also investigated. Exposure to potassium dichromate and cobalt chloride induced significant LNC proliferative responses in the three species. The LNC responses to potassium dichromate in the rats were higher than those in the mice and guinea pigs. Mice exhibited the highest response to cobalt chloride among the three species, whereas, exposure to nickel sulfate failed to induce a marked LNC proliferation. Increased draining lymph node weights and LNC numbers were also observed following exposure to the metal salts. However, these parameters were less sensitive compared with the LNC proliferative response. There was a large difference in the lymph node weight between individual guinea pigs. The [methyl-3H]thymidine incorporation into LNC of each species cultured in the presence of the homologous serum in vitro was lower than in the presence or absence of fetal calf serum. However, there was no significant difference in stimulation indices among the different culture conditions. The local lymph node assay may be performed in rats as well as in mice for the detection of metal allergens.     

Hepatic Ah receptor binding affinity for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: similarity between beagle dog and cynomolgus monkey.

Hepatic AhR binding affinity for [3H]-2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin ([3H]TCDD) was compared between two species widely used as laboratory animals: beagle dog and cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). The enriched 9S fractions from both species were obtained by sucrose gradient sedimentation. After incubation with [3H]TCDD, dextran-coat charcoal treatment (10 mg/ml) revealed that dog and monkey possess an AhR with a low binding affinity for [3H]TCDD. Saturation experiments were then achieved according to the method developed in experiments on human samples. The binding characteristics were determined after analysis of the data by Scatchard and Woolf plots. Receptor concentrations were quite similar in dog and monkey liver (26.6 and 14.4 pmol/mg, respectively) as well as the affinity (Kd) for [3H]TCDD (17.1 and 16.5 nM, respectively). The low binding affinity of dog and monkey AhRs appeared to be similar to those observed in human.     

Ro 15-4513 binding to GABAA receptors: subunit composition determines ligand efficacy.

The bidirectional modulation of ligand binding to benzodiazepine receptors (BzR) by GABA (the "GABA shift") has been widely used to predict ligand efficacy. The present study examined the effects of GABA and muscimol on [3H]Ro 15-4513 binding to "diazepam-insensitive" (DI) and "diazepam-sensitive" (DS) BzR. Neither GABA nor muscimol significantly altered [3H]Ro 15-4513 binding to DI in cerebellum, while both compounds inhibit [3H]Ro 15-4513 binding to cerebellar DS in a concentration-dependent fashion. The maximum reductions in [3H]Ro 15-4513 binding to cerebral cortical and hippocampal membranes elicited by GABA were comparable to those obtained in cerebellar DS, but significantly less than obtained with the full inverse agonist [3H]3-carbomethoxy-beta-carboline. The qualitatively different effect of GABAmimetics on [3H]Ro 15-4513 binding to DS and DI is not species specific since identical effects were obtained in rat and mouse brain. Based on previously established criteria, Ro 15-4513 can be classified as a "GABA-neutral" (antagonist) ligand at DI and "GABA negative" (inverse agonist) at other BzR. These findings suggest that GABAA receptor subunit composition determines not only ligand affinity but also ligand efficacy.