A Preliminary Study of Diagnosing Prostate Cancer in the Peripheral Zone by MR Diffusion Tensor Imaging at 3.0 T

目的 应用3.0T磁共振成像系统探讨扩散张量成像(DTI)诊断前列腺外周带癌的价值.资料与方法 搜集在3.0 T MR行前列腺检查并经穿刺活检证实的33例前列腺病变患者资料.扫描序列包括矢、冠、轴位TSET2WI序列及轴位单次激发平面回波成像(SS-EPI) DTI序列,b值采用0和700 s/mm2.扫描图像由两名放射学家进行评估,将前列腺外周带分为六个区域(每侧外周带分为尖部、中部和基底部三部分),根据穿刺结果将每个区域定为癌区或非癌区,测量前列腺外周带癌区和非癌区的表观扩散系数(ADC)值和各向异性分数(FA)值.采用t检验比较两者的ADC和FA值,并对DTI参数建立Logstic回归模型,对ADC、FA值和DTI参数行受试者工作特征( ROC)曲线分析以确定它们区分前列腺外周带癌区和非癌区的效能.结果 前列腺外周带癌区及外周带非癌区的ADC值分别为(1.02±0.16)×10-3mm2/s和(1.22±0.14)×10-3mm2/s;FA值分别为0.38±0.09和0.31±0.06,两者差异均具有统计学意义(P ＜0.0001,P＜0.0001).ADC值、FA值及DTI区分前列腺外周带癌区和非癌区的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.84、0.76和0.86.DTI曲线下面积显著高于FA值(P=0.0009),但DTI和ADC曲线下面积无显著差异(P =0.1595).结论 DTI有助于诊断前列腺外周带癌.     

磁共振扩散加权成像和磁共振波谱在卵巢肿瘤中的应用

目的:探讨磁共振扩散张量成像(DTI)显示中老年人前列腺外周带、中央带结构特征的可行性。方法:采用3.0T MRI对22位中老年男性行前列腺常规T2WI扫描及DTI检查,分析前列腺T2WI特点并根据影像结果对兴趣区(ROI)进行ADC值、FA值及RA值测量,绘制相应参数图及纤维示踪图像,对比不同兴趣区的相应成像指标的差异。结果:T2WI示22例前列腺中央带均呈轻度增生改变,信号略低,较外周带混杂,外周带信号均匀高亮,ROI测量以T2WI图为基础,中央带ROI(44处)、外周带高信号区ROI(44处)的平均ADC值、FA值及RA值分别为(1.529±0.206)×10-3 mm2/s和(2.082±0.203)×10-3 mm2/s、0.199±0.084和0.128±0.083、0.167±0.074和0.106±0.071,中央带和外周带的平均ADC值、FA值及RA值差异均有统计学意义(P值均为0)。结论:DTI可以区分及评估前列腺中央带及外周带结构差异。     

不同b值对前列腺外周带癌区和非癌区ADC值及其差值的影响

目的分析不同b值下前列腺外周带癌区和非癌区ADC值变化及其差值(DADC)的变化情况。方法26例经穿刺活检病理证实的前列腺外周带癌病人,行磁共振扩散加权成像,b值分别为300,500s/mm2和800s/mm2。根据穿刺活检结果,将前列腺外周6分区归类为非癌区和癌区,26例病人共计有94个非癌区和62个癌区。测量各b值(b=300、500、800s/mm2)下前列腺外周带各分区的ADC值,并对不同b值时癌区和非癌区ADC值的变化及癌区与非癌区ADC值差值(DADC)的变化进行分析。结果当b值分别为300,500s/mm2和800s/mm2时,癌区与非癌区ADC值差值(DADC)分别为(1.03±0.44)×10-3mm2/s,(0.98±0.43)×10-3mm2/s和(0.97±0.36)×10-3mm2/s(λ2=3.308,P=0.191>0.05,Friedman Test)。在b值从300s/mm2增加到500s/mm2和800s/mm2时,癌区ADC值下降的比例为14%和21%,非癌区下降的比例为5%和11%,癌区下降比例高于非癌区。结论不同b值下前列腺外周带癌区和非癌区ADC值是会变化的,但在一定范围内增大b值无助于增加癌区和非癌区ADC值的差异。     

DTI在鉴别前列腺癌与前列腺增生中的价值

目的探讨扩散张量成像(DTI)在鉴别前列腺癌(PCa)与前列腺增生(BPH)中的价值。方法对疑似PCa或BPH的患者行常规磁共振检查及DTI检查,测量感兴趣区部分各向异性值(FA)及平均表观弥散系数值(ADC)并绘制DTI参数图及纤维示踪图。比较PCa与BPH组间FA值与ADC值的差别,并绘制ROC曲线,确定FA值及ADC值曲线下面积。结果 PCa与BPH的FA值分别为(0.36±0.05,0.28±0.06),两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)下面积为0.82。PCa与BPH的ADC值分别为(1.10±0.27)×10-3 mm2/s,(1.55±0.32)×10-3mm2/s,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),ROC曲线下面积为0.85。结论 DTI能够反映PCa与BPH微观结构的不同,对鉴别PCa与BPH有一定的价值。     

正常前列腺的磁共振扩散张量成像研究

目的探讨前列腺磁共振扩散张量成像(DTI)的可行性及正常外周带和中央腺区DTI特征。方法研究对象为20例健康男性志愿者,DTI都采用Siemens Sonata1.5T超导成像仪和腹部相控阵线圈,应用西门子Leonardo工作站相应的软件进行数据处理。DTI记录感兴趣区各向异性(FA)比值和平均ADC值,并绘制相应参数图和纤维示踪影像。对比不同感兴趣区的相应成像指标的差异。结果正常外周带(PZ)和中央区(CZ)的FA值分别为0.16±0.03和0.23±0.04,两者差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。PZ和CZ的平均ADC值分别为(1.85±0.34)×10-3mm2/s和(1.37±0.27)×10-3mm2/s,两者差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论正常前列腺DTI具有可行性,中央腺区与外周带DTI指标存在明显差异。     

内分泌治疗后前列腺外周带癌区和非癌区ADC值变化初步研究

目的运用MR扩散加权成像研究内分泌治疗前后前列腺外周带癌区和非癌区的ADC值变化情况。方法28例B超引导下经直肠穿刺活检病理证实的前列腺外周带癌病人。根据穿刺活检结果,将前列腺外周带归类为癌区和非癌区。所有病人在内分泌治疗前和治疗后3~6个月内均进行了单次激发EPI序列的MR扩散加权成像检查,计算各个分区内的ADC平均值,并对所得数值进行配对或独立样本t检验。结果治疗前,所有非癌区(107个)和癌区(61个)的ADC平均值分别为(2.21±0.61)×10-3mm2/s(mean±SD)和(1.65±0.46)×10-3mm2/s,2组间具有统计学差异(t=4.36,P=0.039,独立样本t检验)。经过了3~6个月的内分泌治疗后,非癌区和癌区的ADC值均出现了下降,非癌区ADC值下降至(1.33±0.48)×10-3mm2/s,癌区下降至(1.28±0.53)×10-3mm2/s,均与内分泌治疗前该组区域的ADC值有统计学差异(t=5.28,P=0.024和t=7.39,P=0.015,配对样本t检验)。但是在治疗后癌区和非癌区ADC值之间原有的统计学差异消失(t=0.58,P=0.639,独立样本t检验)。结论内分泌治疗后前列腺外周带癌区和非癌区的ADC值均会出现下降,其中以非癌区下降为明显,致使癌区和非癌区原有的ADC值统计学差异消失。     

MR扩散张量成像在前列腺癌诊断中的价值

目的 探讨MR DTI在前列腺癌诊断中的价值.方法 回顾性分析2009年10月至2010年12月期间,临床怀疑为前列腺癌且行MR常规检查及DTI扫描的44例患者的资料.病理证实为前列腺癌16例、良性前列腺增生28例.采用t检验比较前列腺癌、良性前列腺增生患者间各向异性分数(FA)值及ADC值的差异,采用ROC曲线分析FA值及ADC值对前列腺癌诊断效能,并初步确定前列腺癌FA值及ADC值诊断阈值.结果 前列腺癌区和良性前列腺增生的FA值分别为0.308±0.084和0.203±0.029,ADC值分别为(0.883±0.192)×10-3和( 1.408±0.130)×10-3mm2/s,差异均有统计学意义(￡值分别为4.833和10.779,P值均＜0.01).ROC曲线上,ADC曲线下面积为0.996(95％可信区间为0.984～1.007),FA值曲线下面积为0.904(95％可信区间为0.812～0.996),FA值联合ADC值的曲线下面积为0.996(95％可信区间为0.984～1.007).ADC值阈值为0.725×10-3mm2/s,敏感度为100.0％,特异度为96.0％;FA值阈值为0.311,敏感度为100.0％,特异度为68.7％.结论 DTI成像能为前列腺癌诊断及鉴别诊断提供有价值的信息,有助于提高对前列腺癌的诊断能力.     

不同b值下前列腺外周带癌灶ADC值的初步定量分析

目的:探讨DWI在不同b值下前列腺外周带癌灶ADC值的参考值范围。方法:对28例前列腺外周带癌(PCa)的DWI在b值分别为300、600、8001、000 s/mm2时所得前列腺外周带癌灶和正常外周带ADC值进行定量分析。结果:b值分别为300、600、800、1000s/mm2下外周带癌灶的平均ADC值分别为(1.12±0.24)×10-3、(0.95±0.19)×10-3(、0.88±0.14)×10-3(、0.81±0.17)×10-3mm2/s,外周带非癌区平均ADC值分别为(1.93±0.39)×10-3、(1.78±0.23)×10-3、(1.61±0.21)×10-3、(1.53±0.21)mm2/s,同b值下2者比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。b值分别为300、600、8001、000 s/mm2下外周带癌灶ADC值参考范围分别为(0.63～1.61)×10-3(、0.56～1.34)×10-3(、0.59～1.17)、(0.46～1.16)×10-3mm2/s。结论:前列腺外周带癌区和非癌区ADC值随b值变化而变化,通过ADC值测量可以定量分析前列腺外周带癌,提高前列腺癌诊断的准确率。     

磁共振扩散张量成像在前列腺疾病诊断中的应用

目的 探讨磁共振扩散张量成像(DTI)在诊断良性前列腺增生(benign prostate hyperplasia,BPH)和前列腺癌(PCa)中的价值.资料与方法 研究对象为经病理证实的20例PCa和25例BPH患者,DTI都采用Siemens Sonata 1.5 T超导成像仪和腹部相控阵线圈,应用Siemens Leonardo工作站相应的软件进行数据处理.DTI记录感兴趣区各向异性(FA)值和平均表观扩散系数(ADC)值并绘制相应参数图和纤维示踪图像.对比不同感兴趣区的相应成像指标的差异.结果 正常外周带、BPH和PCa的FA值分别为0.16±0.03、0.23±0.04和0.46±0.02(P＜0.05).正常外周带、BPH和PCa的平均ADC值分别为(1.85±0.34)×10-3 mm2/s、(1.37±0.27)×10-3mm2/s和(0.61±0.09)×10-3 mm2/s,三者差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 正常前列腺组织、BPH和PCa组织DTI指标存在差异,结合常规MRI检查有助于PCa的鉴别诊断.     

3.0T磁共振扩散加权成像在前列腺癌诊断与鉴别诊断中的应用

 目的 探讨3.0T磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)和表面弥散系数(ADC)在前列腺癌诊断及鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析65例经穿刺活检病理证实的前列腺疾病患者,其中前列腺癌组21例,前列腺炎组19例,良性前列腺增生(BPH)组25例,测量病变区及前列腺增生外周带的ADC值,并在癌与非癌组之间进行受试者操作特征曲线(ROC)分析。结果 前列腺癌组ADC值为(0.74±0.10)×10^-3 mm²/s,前列腺炎组为(0.98±0.07)×10^-3 mm²/s, BPH组中央带为(1.21±0.09)×10^-3 mm²/s,外周带为(1.38±0.14)×10^-3 mm²/s,组间ADC值两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。根据ROC曲线,当ADC值为0.95×10^-3 mm²/s时,诊断的敏感性达92.8%,特异性达100%,ROC曲线下面积为0.995。结论 磁共振DWI和ADC值可用于前列腺癌的诊断和鉴别诊断,具有很高的临床应用价值。     

ADC value and diffusion tensor imaging of prostate cancer: changes in carbon-ion radiotherapy

PURPOSE: To assess the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value and diffusion tensor image (DTI) including fractional anisotropy (FA) of the noncancerous prostate and prostate cancer before and after carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer underwent 1.5T magnetic resonance (MR) examinations. One patient with benign prostatic hypertrophy and one healthy volunteer were also examined as references. The changes in ADC values and DTI of the entire prostate calculated from b-values of 0 and 700 (s/mm(2)) were estimated between before and after CIRT. RESULTS: ADC values of prostate cancer significantly increased after CIRT by paired t-test (P < 0.01) but those of noncancerous inner gland (IG) and peripheral zone (PZ) showed no significant change. By analysis of variance, significant differences in ADC values were observed among prostate cancer and noncancerous IG and PZ before CIRT (P < 0.05). After CIRT, those significant differences had disappeared. FAs showed no significant differences in any comparisons. DTI showed changes in the direction of the main axis of the tensor in prostate cancer after CIRT. CONCLUSION: There were changes in ADC and DTI in prostate cancer after CIRT. They may be useful for monitoring prostatic structural changes under radiotherapy.     

3.0 T MR动态增强扫描定量分析诊断前列腺癌的初步研究

目的 探讨3.0 T MR动态增强扫描(DCE-MRI)定量分析诊断前列腺癌的可行性,并评价定量参数转运常数(Ktrans)、血管外细胞外间隙体积百分数(Ve)及速率常数(kep)与Gleason评分及前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)水平的相关性.方法 行前列腺DCE-MRI检查并经穿刺活检证实的38例患者,在Ktrans、Ve及kep参数图上取ROI测量前列腺相应部位的Ktrans、Ve及kep值.对前列腺癌区、外周带非癌区和中央腺体非癌区的参数值行方差分析,并采用Pearson相关分析检验各参数与Gleason评分、PSA水平的相关性.结果 前列腺癌区的Ktrans、Ve 、kep值分别为(0.35±0.26)/min、(0.185±0.080)、(1.42±0.53)/min,外周带非癌区则分别为(0.07±0.05)/min、(0.040±0.024)、(0.50±0.18)/min,中央腺体非癌区则分别为(0.19±0.06)/min、(0.161±0.062)、(0.94±0.25)/min,各参数值差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为16.267、44.084、36.095,P值均＜0.01),前列腺癌区的Ktrans、Ve及kep值均与Gleason评分、PSA水平无显著相关性(r值分别为0.279、0.069、0.109、-0.175、-0.067和0.137,P值均＞0.05).结论 DCE-MRI定量参数诊断前列腺癌具有可行性,有助于鉴别前列腺癌和良性前列腺病变.

Abstract：

Objectives To investigate the feasibility of the quantitative analysis parameters of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer and to correlate Ktrans, Ve and kep with histological grade (Gleason score) and serum prostate specific antigen (PSA). Methods MR examinations were performed in 38 patients confirmed by biopsy. ROI were drawn on areas of cancerous foci,noncancerous foci in the peripheral zone and central gland to measure the values of Krans, Ve and kep. The values of the three parameters in different tissue were compared with ANOVA. The correlations between the pharmacokinetic parameters and Gleason score, PSA were assessed with Pearson correlation. Results The Ktrans, Ve, kep values of cancerous foci were (0. 35 ± 0. 26 )/min, ( 0. 185 ± 0. 080 ), ( 1.42 ± 0. 53 )/min,respectively, while (0. 07 ± 0. 05 )/min, ( 0. 040 ± 0. 024 ), (0. 50 ± 0. 18 )/min for noncancerous foci in the peripheral zone and (0. 19 ±0. 06)/min, (0. 161 ± 0. 062), (0. 94 ±0. 25) /min for noncancerous foci in the central gland, respectively. The differences between the three parameters of cancerous foci,noncancerous foci in the peripheral zone and central gland were statistically significant ( F = 16. 267,44. 084, 36. 095, respectively; P ＜ 0. 01 ). No significant correlations were found between any parameter and either Gleason score or PSA (r =0. 279,0.069, 0. 109, -0. 175, -0.067,0. 137, respectively;P ＞0. 05). Conclusion Quantitative analysis parameters of DCE-MRI are feasible in diagnosing prostate cancer. They may be useful in differentiating prostate cancer from benign prostatic diseases.     

Magnetic resonance diffusion characteristics of histologically defined prostate cancer in humans

The contrast provided by diffusion‐sensitive magnetic resonance offers the promise of improved tumor localization in organ‐confined human prostate cancer (PCa). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measurements of PCa were performed in vivo, in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, and later, ex vivo, in the same patients' prostatectomy specimens. The imaging data were coregistered to histological sections of the prostatectomy specimens, thereby enabling unambiguous characterization of diffusion parameters in cancerous and benign tissues. Increased cellularity, and hence decreased luminal spaces, in peripheral zone PCa led to approximately 40% and 50% apparent diffusion policy (ADC) decrease compared with benign peripheral zone tissues in vivo and ex vivo, respectively. In contrast, no significant diffusion anisotropy differences were observed between the cancerous and noncancerous peripheral zone tissues. However, the dense fibromuscular tissues in prostate, such as stromal tissues in benign prostatic hyperplasia in central gland, exhibited high diffusion anisotropy. A tissue classification method is proposed to combine DTI and T2‐weighted image contrasts that may provide improved specificity of PCa detection over T2‐weighted imaging alone. PCa identified in volume rendered MR images qualitatively correlates well with histologically determined PCa foci. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Apparent diffusion coefficient: prostate cancer versus noncancerous tissue according to anatomical region

PURPOSE: To evaluate diagnostic performance of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in differentiating prostate cancer from noncancerous tissue according to anatomical region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 47 patients with diffusion-weighted-MR (b-value, 0 and 1000 sec/mm2) on a 1.5 T unit, ADCs were measured in prostate cancer and in three noncancerous tissues (transitional zone, peripheral zone, and prostatic base). Diagnostic performance of ADC for differentiating cancer from noncancerous tissue was evaluated using receiver-operating-characteristics (ROC) analysis. RESULTS: Mean ADC of prostate cancer (0.963x10(-3) mm2/s) was lower than those of all noncancerous tissues (P<0.001). In noncancerous tissue, ADC differed according to anatomical region (peripheral zone, 1.572x10(-3) mm2/sec; transitional zone, 1.441x10(-3) mm2/sec; prostatic base, 1.146x10(-3) mm2/sec) (P<0.01). ADC was lower in prostate cancer than in all noncancerous tissues in 34 (72%) patients. Area under the ROC curve for differentiating cancer from noncancerous tissue in prostatic base (0.725) was less than those for differentiating cancer from noncancerous tissue in peripheral (0.952) and transitional zones (0.906) (P<0.05). Sensitivity differed according to anatomical region (peripheral zone, 98%; transitional zone, 82%; prostatic base, 66%) (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Variable ADC in noncancerous tissue according to anatomical region may limit diagnostic performance of ADC for cancer detection.     

Differentiation of noncancerous tissue and cancer lesions by apparent diffusion coefficient values in transition and peripheral zones of the prostate

PURPOSE: To compare the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of prostate cancer in both the peripheral zone (PZ) and the transition zone (TZ) with those of benign tissue in the same zone using echo-planar diffusion weighted imaging with a parallel imaging technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 29 consecutive male patients (mean age 61.3 years, age range 53-88 years) with suspected prostate cancer were referred for MR imaging. All patients underwent transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided biopsy of the prostate after MR imaging at 1.5 T, including ADC. For each patient, seven to 10 specimens were obtained from the prostate, and regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn on the ADC map by referring to the urologist's illustration of TRUS-guided biopsy sites. ADC values of cancerous tissue in both the PZ and TZ were compared to those of noncancerous tissue in the same zone. RESULTS: Out of 29 patients, 23 had cancer tissue. In the 23 patients with cancer, the mean ADC value of all cancer ROIs and that of all noncancer ROIs, respectively, were 1.11 +/- 0.41 x 10(-3) and 1.68 +/- 0.40 x 10(-3) mm(2)/second (values are mean +/- SD) (P < 0.01). The mean ADC value of TZ cancer ROIs and that of TZ noncancer ROIs, respectively, were 1.13 +/- 0.42 x 10(-3) and 1.58 +/- 0.37 x 10(-3) mm(2)/second (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: ADC measurement with a parallel imaging technique showed that ADC values of prostate cancer in both the PZ and TZ were significantly lower than those of benign tissue in the PZ and TZ, respectively.     

磁共振DWI及DTI在肾透明细胞癌与乏脂性肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤鉴别中的价值

目的探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)及扩散张量成像(DTI)在肾透明细胞癌(ccRCC)与乏脂性肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(MFAML)鉴别诊断中的价值。方法回顾性搜集行腹部MRI检查、经手术病理证实为ccRCC及MFAML的患者共55例(ccRCC 42例,MFAML 13例)。两组患者均行1.5T(GE 1.5T Signa HDXT,美国)MRI常规T1WI、T2WI扫描、LAVA增强扫描、DWI(b=0,600 s/mm^2)、DTI序列扫描(b=0,600 s/mm^2,在6个方向)。由两位放射科医师采用双盲法进行图像分析和测量。在ADW4.6工作站上应用Functool后处理软件进行后处理,使用DWI序列生成ADC图,使用DTI序列生成ADC图和FA图,分别在相应的ADC图和FA图中的ccRCC及MFAML病灶实质部分放置ROI,测量各ROI的ADC值及FA值,对两次测量结果的平均值进行统计分析。应用组内相关系数(ICC)检验两观察者所测数据一致性。使用独立样本t检验比较DWI的ADC值(ADCDWI)及DTI的ADC值(ADCDTI)在ccRCC与MFAML之间的差异,使用Mann-Whitney U检验比较FA值在ccRCC与MFAML之间的差异。应用ROC曲线分析DWI的ADCDWI值及DTI参数中ADCDTI值、FA值对鉴别ccRCC与MFAML的诊断效能,并且分析ADCDWI、ADCDTI及FA值三者联合诊断对鉴别ccRCC与MFAML的效能。结果两位观察者测量各参数的一致性良好。ccRCC的ADCDWI值显著高于MFAML[(1.93±0.44)×10^-3mm^2/s与(1.40±0.29)×10^-3mm^2/s,P<0.001],ccRCC的ADCDTI值显著高于MFAML[(2.06±0.45)×10^-3mm^2/s与(1.63±0.33)×10^-3mm^2/s,P=0.002],但ccRCC的FA值显著低于MFAML[(0.20±0.07)与(0.31±0.20),P=0.020]。ADCDWI值对鉴别ccRCC与MFAML的曲线下面积为0.845,阈值为1.63×10^-3mm^2/s时,其诊断ccRCC排除MFAML的敏感性和特异性分别为71.4%、84.6%;ADCDTI值对鉴别两者的曲线下面积为0.788,阈值为1.77×10^-3mm^2/s时,其诊断ccRCC排除MFAML的敏感性和特异性分别为76.2%、76.9%;FA值对鉴别两者的曲线下面积为0.722,阈值为0.27时,其诊断ccRCC排除MFAML的敏感性和特异性分别为88.1%、53.8%。应用ADCDTI与FA联合诊断鉴别ccRCC和MFAML的效能具有较高的诊断效能,ROC曲线下面积达到0.811,并且诊断特异性达到92.3%。结论磁共振DWI及DTI均能有效鉴别ccRCC与MFAML。其中,ADCDWI对鉴别两者有更高的诊断效能及诊断特异性。应用DWI及DTI的参数进行联合诊断更能提高对两者的诊断效能及敏感性。     

DTI在正常前列腺的应用研究

目的探讨1.5 T MR扩散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)在正常前列腺的参数特点及纤维示踪图像(fiber tracking,FT)表现,为DTI在前列腺癌的应用提供研究基础。资料与方法 21名健康男性志愿者[(24.7±3.59)岁]行前列腺常规MRI及DTI扫描,将DTI扫描数据行后处理分析,测量中央叶和外围叶感兴趣区的表观扩散系数(ADC)和各向异性分数(FA),比较两者的ADC、FA值差异有无统计学意义,并重建前列腺的FT图像。结果 (1)健康男性前列腺DTI左右两侧中央叶和外围叶的ADC、FA值差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);(2)中央叶和外围叶的ADC、FA值差异有统计学意义,中央叶的ADC值低于外围叶,中央叶的FA值高于外围叶(P<0.05);(3)FT图显示不同颜色的纤维对应不同走行方向,且中央叶的纤维排列比外围叶紧密。结论 1.5 TMR DTI在正常前列腺研究中具有可行性,有助于DTI在前列腺癌中的应用研究。     

Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging of prostate cancer

PURPOSE: To explore the feasibility of 3T magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and fiber tracking (FT) in patients with prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty consecutive patients (mean age, 62.5 years) with biopsy proven prostate cancer underwent 3T-MR imaging (MRI) and DTI using a 6-channel external phased-array coil before radical prostatectomy. Regions of interest of 14 pixels were defined in tumors and nonaffected areas in the peripheral zone (PZ) and central gland (CG), according to histopatology after radical prostatectomy. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) values were determined. Differences in mean ADC and FA values among prostate cancer, normal PZ and CG were compared by 2-sided Student t test. The predominant diffusion direction of the prostate anisotropy was color coded on a directionally encoded color (DEC) map. A 3D reconstruction of fiber tract orientations of the whole prostate was determined using the continuous tracking method. The overall image quality for tumor localization and local staging was assessed in retrospective matching with whole-mount section histopathology images. Nodules detected at MRI were classified as matched lesions if tumor presence and extension were evidenced at histopathology. RESULTS: For all the patients, the DTI sequence images were suitable for the evaluation of the zonal anatomy of the prostate gland and the tumor localization. Quantitative evaluation of the regions of interest (ROIs) showed a mean ADC value significantly lower in the peripheral neoplastic area (1.06 +/- 0.37 x 10(-3) mm2/s) than in the normal peripheral portion (1.95 +/- 0.38 x 10(-3) mm2/s) (P < 0.05). The mean FA values calculated in the normal peripheral (0.47 +/- 0.04) and central area (0.41 +/- 0.08) were very similar (P > 0.05). The mean FA values in the neoplastic lesion (0.27 +/- 0.05) were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than in the normal peripheral area and in the normal central and adenomyomatous area. DEC map showed a top-bottom type preferential direction in the peripheral but not in the central area, with the tumor lesions reducing the diffusion coding direction represented as color zones tending toward gray. Tractographic analysis permitted good delineation of the prostate anatomy (capsule outline, peripheral and central area borders) and neoplastic lesion extension and capsule infiltration compared with histopathology. CONCLUSIONS: Three Tesla DTI of the prostate gland is feasible and has the potential for providing improved diagnostic information.