FDG PET/CT摄取-体积指数对鼻咽癌预后的预测价值

Objective To evaluate the prognostic value of serial 18F-fluorodeexyglucose (FDG) PET/CT in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods Thirty-seven NPC patients who had 18F-FDG PET/CT scan before and after external beam intensity-modulated radiotherapy, were studied retrospectively.All patients were followed for five years.Correlation analysis between metabolic tumor volume (MTV)/uptake volume index (UVI) and survival was performed by Kaplan-Meier analysis, Log-rank test and multivariate Cox model.Results The 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 70.3% (26/37) and 62.2% ( 23/37 ), respectively.Patients with a lower MTV (MTV＜30 cm3) had significantly higher 5-year OS ( 82.6% ( 19/23 ) ) and DFS (73.9% ( 17/23 )) rates than those with a higher MTV (OS:50.0% (7/14),x2 =5.28, P＜0.05; DFS:42.9% (6/14),x2 =4.84, P＜0.05).Patients with a lower UV1 (UVI＜150) had significantly higher 5-year OS( 87.5%( 21/24 )) and DFS (79.2% (19/24)) rates than those with a higher UVI (OS:38.5% (5/13),x2 =10.72, P＜0.01;DFS:30.8% (4/13), x2 =11.04, P＜0.01).Multivariate analysis showed that UVI and metabolic response (MR) were independent predictors of DFS.Conclusions Tumor volume parameters, UVI and MR, are independent prognostic factors for patients with NPC.Patients with a high UVI may benefit from more aggressive treatment.     

FDG PET/CT摄取-体积指数对鼻咽癌预后的预测价值

目的 研究鼻咽癌患者18F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）PET/CT代谢体积（MTV）及摄取-体积指数（UVI）与预后的关系.方法 回顾性分析该院2002年10月至2004年7月放疗前后分别行18F-FDG PET/CT检查的37例均经病理检查证实为Ⅰ～Ⅳa期的鼻咽癌患者.患者均行6 MV X射线适形调强放射治疗.治疗后随访5年,并用Kaplan-Meier法、Log-rank检验及Cox比例风险模型分析MTV及UVI与预后的关系.结果 全组患者5年总生存率（OS）为70.3%（26/37）,5年无瘤生存率（DFS）为62.2%（23/37）.MTV＜30 cm3的患者5年OS为82.6%（19/23）和DFS为73.9%（17/23）,均高于MTV≥30 cm3的患者的50.0%（7/14）和42.9%（6/14）,差异有统计学意义（x2=5.28和4.84,P均＜0.05）.UVI＜150的患者5年OS为87.5%（21/24）,5年DFS为79.2%（19/24）,均高于UVI≥150的患者[38.5%（5/13）和30.8%（4/13）],差异均有统计学意义（x2=10.72和11.04,P＜0.01）.多因素分析显示,UVI和代谢缓解对鼻咽癌患者的预后有统计学意义.结论 18F-FDGPET/CT UVI和代谢缓解与鼻咽癌患者的预后密切相关.UVI高的患者以及放疗后未达到代谢完全缓解的患者预后较差,可能需要接受更加积极的治疗.     

血管内皮生长因子D表达对肺腺癌FDG摄取程度及淋巴结转移的影响

Objective Lymph node status is very important for treatment decision of lung adenocarcinoma.18F-fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG)uptake is proved to be an independent predictor for lymph node metastaais.The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of vascular endothelial growth factor-D(VEGFD)expression on 18F-FDG uptake and lymph node metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma.Methotis Fortynine patients witll lung adenocareinoma were enrolled.All had FDG PET scan before surgery and had immunohistochemical staining with anti-human VEGF-D antibody after surgery.All had clinical follow-up to eighty-nine months after their primary definitive treatment.The independent t-test,X2-test and Fisher's exact test were used for statistical analysis.Disease-free survival probabilities were calculated with the KaplanMeier life table method.Results(1)Standardized uptake value(SUV)was higher in the patients with negative VEGF-D expression than that in those with VEGF-D positive expression(4.84±2.14 vs 2.35±1.45,t=4.835,P＜0.001).In the subgroup of patients with non-bronchioalveolar carcinoma(BAC),SUV was also higher in the patients with negative VEGF-D expression than that in those with VEGF-D positive expression(5.26±1.86 vs 2.94±1.40.t=4.266,P＜0.001).(2)Lymph node metastasis and local recurrence were more common in the patients with negative VEGF-D expression(9 lymph node metastasis and 13 local recurrence)than those in patients with VEGF-D positive expression(0 lymph node metastasis and 5 local recurrence,X2=18.988,16.432,both P＜0.001).In the subgroup of patients with nonBAC the results was similar(X2=15.000,12.255,P＜0.001 or P=0.001).The numbers of patients with high grade malignancy were more in VEGF-D negative group than those in VEGF-D positive group(13 vs8,X2=10.018.P=0.002).(3)Patients with positive VEGF-D expression showed a higher diseasefree survival probability[83.33%(25/30)vs 23.53%(4/17),X2=14.05,P＜0.001].Conclusions It is suggested that lung adenocarcinoma with higher FDG uptake may indicate lower VEGF-D expression.For the patients with lung adenocarcinoma VEGF-D expression may be helpful to evaluate lymph node metastasis,histological subtypes and recurrence.     

缺血心肌99Tcm-MIBI清除率变化的临床研究

Objective To investigate the changes of early and delayed washout rates of 99Tcm-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) in ischemic heart disease (IHD), and to explore the value of 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT in evaluating impairment of ischemic myocardial cells. Methods Patients diagnosed of IHD with three-vessel stenosis ( ≥50% ) without myocardial infarction based on angiography (CAG) underwent 99Tcm-MIBI static planar and gated SPECT imaging. The early (90 min after the intravenous injection) and delayed (4 h after the intravenous injection) washout rates of 99Tcm-MIBI and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of IHD patients and normal subjects were compared using t-test. Linear correlation analysis was performed between the early, delayed washout rates and LVEF measured by gated SPECT. Results Statistically significant lower early washout rate of 99Tcm-MIBI was observed in IHD group than control group: (13.44 ± 2.87 )%vs ( 17.32 ± 4.92) %, t = 2.384, P ＜ 0.05, but higher delayed washout rate of 99Tcm-MIBI was observed in IHD group than control group: (19.24 ±4.71)% vs (15.23 ±3.81)%, t= -2.246, P＜0.05. LVEF in IHD group was significantly lower than that in control group: (55.71 ±7.97)% vs (67.75 ±5.43)%, t =-4.418, P ＜0.01. There were no correlations between the early/delayed washout rates and LVEF, respectively in IHD patients (r = -0.212, P ＞ 0.05; r =0.352, P ＞ 0.05, respectively). Conclusion 99Tcm-MIBI washout rate may reflect myocardial cell impairment due to IHD.     

胸腺上皮肿瘤的临床CT表现与术后存活时间的关系

目的 分析胸腺上皮肿瘤的临床和CT表现与患者术后存活时间的相关性.方法 回顾性复习91例经手术病理证实,并作了WHO病理分类的胸腺上皮肿瘤的CT表现.根据肿瘤大小、形态、边缘、密度、强化程度、纵隔淋巴结、有无大血管侵犯及肺内或胸膜转移灶,并结合是否伴发重症肌无力、WHO病理分类等,评价各因素对患者预后的影响.用Kaplan-Meier 法计算总生存率,Log rank 检验用于评价各因素间的差异,Cox回归比例风险模型用于多因素分析影响存活的预后因素,χ2检验用于分析CT表现与WHO分类的关系.结果 91例中因非肿瘤因素病死2例,其余89例中病死13例,5年总生存率为84.3%(75例).89例共有病灶91个,在CT表现上肿瘤≥ 5cm、边缘分叶、密度不均匀、出现血管侵犯、纵隔淋巴结肿大及有远处转移者存活时间较短,5年生存率分别为72.7%、77.3%、76.7%、73.8%、30.0%、68.8%.多因素分析显示肿瘤大小、患者是否合并重症肌无力和是否出现纵隔肿大淋巴结是影响预后的独立影响因素,其偏回归系数(B)分别为0.378、-1.756和1.853,P值分别为0.002,0.009和0.025.CT表现与WHO分类的比较结果和单因素分析结果一致,WHO病理分类不同,则肿瘤的大小、边缘、血管侵犯情况、纵隔淋巴结肿大以及是否有远处转移差异有统计学意义(x2值分别为6.598、5.737、18.307、8.465、15.608,P值均＜0.05).结论 CT表现可以提示肿瘤的生物学特性,肿瘤大小和有无纵隔淋巴结肿大是影响患者存活时间的主要因素,而伴发重症肌无力多提示肿瘤级别较低,患者存活时间相对较长.

Abstract：

Objective To describe the CT manifestations of thymic epithelial tumor and explore the correlation between CT findings and post-operative tumor-related survival time. Methods Ninety-one patients who underwent CT scan before operation were reviewed retrospectively. All cases had operation and were classified according to the WHO classification. The size, contour, shape, density and enhancement of the tumors on CT were assessed. Presence of mediastinal lymphadenopathy, great vessel invasion, metastasis to the lung or plural, myasthenia gravis (MG) were also analyzed. The survival rate was obtained using the Kaplan-Meier method. The Cox model was applied to determine the factors affecting the tumor-related survivals. Chi square test was used to analyze the relationship between CT findings and WHO classification. Results Two patients were excluded because of dying of myocardial infarction and colon cancer. The total 5-year survival rate was 84.3%(n=75). Eighty-nine patients had total 91 tumors. Tumors with diameter larger than 5 cm, lobular contour, heterogenous density, and presence of great vessel invasion, mediastinal lymphadenopathy, and metastasis were adverse factors which could significantly affect the survival time. Five-year survival rates of these factors were 72.7%, 77.3%, 76.7%, 73.8%, 30.0%, and 68.8%, respectively. Presence of MG was a favorable factor which also significantly affected the survival time (P＜0.05). While the shape and enhancement of the tumors and the age, gender of the patients did not significantly affect the survival time (P＞0.05). The result of the Cox multivariate analysis was consistent with that of the Log-rank test. For different WHO classification, there were significant different among the size or contour of the tumors, presence of great vessel invasion, mediastinal lymphadenopathy, and metastasis (x2 value were 6.598, 5.737, 18.307, 8.465, and 15.608, respectively P＜0.05). Conclusions CT findings may be served as predictors of clinical prognosis of the thymic epithelial tumors. Adverse factors for survival time are the size of the tumors and presence of mediastinal lymphadenopathy, while MG is a favorable factor for survival time.     

99Tcm-MDP SPECT结合定位CT评价鼻咽癌颅底骨侵犯

Objective Whole body planar bone imaging(WBI)could not accurately evaluate skull base bone involvement(SBBI)due to complex structure of the nasopharynx.The purpose of this study was to preliminarily evaluate the role of SPECT combined localizable CT for diagnosing SBBI of nasopharyngeal cancer(NPC).Methods Forty-four patients with NPC underwent the skull 99Tcm-methylene diphosphonate (MDP)SPECT combined localizable CT,WBI and MRI within a week.Ten patients with non NPC were controls.The region of interest(ROI)of the suspected SBBI(L)was drawn and the same ROI was copied to the upper cervical vertebrae C1 to C3(S)on the 99Tcm-MDP sagittal SPECT imping.The uptake ratio of L and S(L/S)was calculated and the L/S＞1 indicated SBBI.Statistical analysis was performed using nonparametric test(Chi-Square test)or Fisher test.Results (1)There was no increased tracer uptake at the SBB in all controls with L/S=0.66±0.13.(2)Using MRI as the"gold standard",the sensitivity.specificity and accuracy of SPECT combined localizable CT in diagnosing SBBI were 83.3%(20/24),80.0%(16/20)and 81.8%(36/44)respectively,whichwere higber than those of WBI and SPECT alone.whose sensitivity.specificity and accuracy were 70.8%(17/24),70.O%(14/20).70.4%(31/44)and 77.3%(17/22),72.7%(16/22),75.0%(33/44),respectively,but the difference was not significant (X2=2.00,P=0.37).SPECT combined localizable CT correlated well with MRI[X2=17.65.coefficient of contingency(CC)=0.535,P＜0.05 ].(3)There was close correlation between the SBBI and headache since the occurrence rates of the SBBI in headache and non headache groups were 92.9%(13/14)and 36.7%(11/30).respectively,X2=12.16,P＜0.05.However,the differentiation of squanlous cell carcinoma(SCC)did not correlate with SBBI since the occurrence rates of the SBBI in differentiated and non differentiated SCC were 50.O%(19/38)and 83.3%(5/6),respectively,X2=2.69,P=0.19.(4)SPECT combined localizable CT could provide anatomical information,and detect bone destruction in some cases.Conclusion SPECT combined localizable CT bone imaging was an effective method for detecting SBBI of NPC.     

SPECT/CT显像评价"功能相关冠状动脉病变"的价值

Objective There is great interest in the assessment of functionally relevant coronary artery lesions and its value in coronary artery disease (CAD) management by hybrid SPECT/CT.The obiective of this study was to evaluate the clinical value and the feasibility of imaging of hybrid SPECT/CT in detecting the"funotionally relevant coronary artery lesions(FRCAL)".Methods Forty patients with suspected or known CAD performed computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) and stress/rest myocardial perfusion imaging(MPI)with 99Tcm-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) by hybrid SPECT/CT..Stress/rest MPI was performed with standard two-day protocol,and CTCA was performed the second day.performed with standard contrast medium autotrack sequence.Images of MPI and CTCA were fused by special fusion software (AutoQUNANT 7.0) in order to evaluate the funotional relationship between myocardial isehemia and CAD,videlicet"FRCAL".Results Twenty of the 40 patients had coronary atherosclerosis,malformation or coronary stenosis,with a total of 33 diseased coronary vessels(15 left anterior descending coronay artery,9 left circumflex coronary artery and 9 right coronary artery).The remaining 20 patients had normal results.MPI were normal in 22 and 18 showed myocardial ischemia and (or) infarct.The ratio of normal MPI in normal CTCA was 92.47%(86/93) by SPECT/CT imaging.The positive rates of detecting isehemia were 42.86% (6/14,＜75% diameter stenosis) and 92.31% (12/13,＞75% diameter stenosis or blockage).About 20.83% (25/120) of all the narrowed coronary arteries determined to be"FRCAL"and 25.93% (7/27) of the patients without coronary stenosis had myocardial ischemia.And then 15.38% (2/13)of the patients with CAD avoided invasive procedures (that was coronary angiography).About 42.86%(6/14) needed drug treatment or coronary revascularization(＜75% diameter stenosis).There was 1 patient with 1 vessel＞75% diameter stenosis but no coronary revascularization.Conclusion Fusion imaging of MPI and CTCA by hybrid SPECT/CT has clinical values in diagnosing CAD and selecting the"FRCAL"patients who might benefit from further revascularization procedures.     

64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像低管电压设置结合个体化对比剂应用的对照研究

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the low tube voltage setting and personalized contrast agent application in 64-row multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography.Methods Ninety patients with high risk of pulmonary artery embolism were sequentially enrolled in the study and divided into 3 groups employing completely randomized design: (1) Regular group included 30 patients using 120 kV and fixed dose of 70 ml contrast agent, (2)Another 30 patients were in 120 kV group, using 120 kV and the contrast amount was determined according to the patient weight (1.0 ml/kg), (3) The remaining 30 patients were included in 100 kV group, using 100 kV and the contrast amount was also determined according to the patient weight(1.0 ml/kg).Administration of contrast agent was completed within 20 seconds for all the patients, followed by 20 ml of saline.The objective and subjective indexes for assessing CT image quality, CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and effective received dose (ERD) were compared between 120 kV group and 100 kV group; then the contrast media volume, injection rate, objective CT image indexes and subjective indexes for image quality was compared between the 100 kV group and regular group.The variance analysis and post hoc test were employed for the statistical analysis.Results Compared with 120 kV group(3.4± 0.7), the image quality of 100 kV group(5.2±1.8)had higher noise(52.9%), but subjective index for the image quality demonstrated no differences(q=0.272 ,P=0.063)in mediastinum window while CTDIvol and ERD decreased for 34.9%[(9.5±0.0) vs (14.6±0.0) mGy]and 36.8%[(3.8±0.6) vs (2.4± 0.4) mSv].The mean CT values on pulmonary artery of 100 kV group[(269.2±54.7) HU]were 13.4% (31.8/237.4) higher than the 120 kV group[(237.4±62.9) HU], but there was no statistical differences eornpared to normal group(q=0.172,P=0.260).Conclusion Using low kV setting (100 kV) to reduce radiation dose is proved to be effective and feasible in 64-MSCT pulmonary angiography.Personalized contrast agent injection has clinical application value for specific patient group.     

64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像低管电压设置结合个体化对比剂应用的对照研究

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the low tube voltage setting and personalized contrast agent application in 64-row multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography.Methods Ninety patients with high risk of pulmonary artery embolism were sequentially enrolled in the study and divided into 3 groups employing completely randomized design: (1) Regular group included 30 patients using 120 kV and fixed dose of 70 ml contrast agent, (2)Another 30 patients were in 120 kV group, using 120 kV and the contrast amount was determined according to the patient weight (1.0 ml/kg), (3) The remaining 30 patients were included in 100 kV group, using 100 kV and the contrast amount was also determined according to the patient weight(1.0 ml/kg).Administration of contrast agent was completed within 20 seconds for all the patients, followed by 20 ml of saline.The objective and subjective indexes for assessing CT image quality, CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and effective received dose (ERD) were compared between 120 kV group and 100 kV group; then the contrast media volume, injection rate, objective CT image indexes and subjective indexes for image quality was compared between the 100 kV group and regular group.The variance analysis and post hoc test were employed for the statistical analysis.Results Compared with 120 kV group(3.4± 0.7), the image quality of 100 kV group(5.2±1.8)had higher noise(52.9%), but subjective index for the image quality demonstrated no differences(q=0.272 ,P=0.063)in mediastinum window while CTDIvol and ERD decreased for 34.9%[(9.5±0.0) vs (14.6±0.0) mGy]and 36.8%[(3.8±0.6) vs (2.4± 0.4) mSv].The mean CT values on pulmonary artery of 100 kV group[(269.2±54.7) HU]were 13.4% (31.8/237.4) higher than the 120 kV group[(237.4±62.9) HU], but there was no statistical differences eornpared to normal group(q=0.172,P=0.260).Conclusion Using low kV setting (100 kV) to reduce radiation dose is proved to be effective and feasible in 64-MSCT pulmonary angiography.Personalized contrast agent injection has clinical application value for specific patient group.     

64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像低管电压设置结合个体化对比剂应用的对照研究

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the low tube voltage setting and personalized contrast agent application in 64-row multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography.Methods Ninety patients with high risk of pulmonary artery embolism were sequentially enrolled in the study and divided into 3 groups employing completely randomized design: (1) Regular group included 30 patients using 120 kV and fixed dose of 70 ml contrast agent, (2)Another 30 patients were in 120 kV group, using 120 kV and the contrast amount was determined according to the patient weight (1.0 ml/kg), (3) The remaining 30 patients were included in 100 kV group, using 100 kV and the contrast amount was also determined according to the patient weight(1.0 ml/kg).Administration of contrast agent was completed within 20 seconds for all the patients, followed by 20 ml of saline.The objective and subjective indexes for assessing CT image quality, CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and effective received dose (ERD) were compared between 120 kV group and 100 kV group; then the contrast media volume, injection rate, objective CT image indexes and subjective indexes for image quality was compared between the 100 kV group and regular group.The variance analysis and post hoc test were employed for the statistical analysis.Results Compared with 120 kV group(3.4± 0.7), the image quality of 100 kV group(5.2±1.8)had higher noise(52.9%), but subjective index for the image quality demonstrated no differences(q=0.272 ,P=0.063)in mediastinum window while CTDIvol and ERD decreased for 34.9%[(9.5±0.0) vs (14.6±0.0) mGy]and 36.8%[(3.8±0.6) vs (2.4± 0.4) mSv].The mean CT values on pulmonary artery of 100 kV group[(269.2±54.7) HU]were 13.4% (31.8/237.4) higher than the 120 kV group[(237.4±62.9) HU], but there was no statistical differences eornpared to normal group(q=0.172,P=0.260).Conclusion Using low kV setting (100 kV) to reduce radiation dose is proved to be effective and feasible in 64-MSCT pulmonary angiography.Personalized contrast agent injection has clinical application value for specific patient group.     

海马头部浅沟消失对海马硬化诊断价值的探讨

目的　探讨海马头部浅沟消失对海马硬化的诊断价值。方法　对 18例经组织学检查证实的海马硬化患者的MRI检查资料和 18例年龄相匹配的对照组进行回顾性分析 ,观察海马头部浅沟的显示情况、海马头部大小和信号改变。结果　 18例海马硬化患者中 ,16例硬化侧海马头部浅沟消失 ,1例硬化侧海马头部浅沟明显变浅 ,几乎消失 ,1例硬化侧海马头部浅沟存在。硬化侧海马头部均有萎缩 ,并在T2 WI和液体衰减恢复 (FLAIR)成像呈高信号。海马头部浅沟消失对海马硬化诊断的敏感性为 88.9% ,特异性为 10 0 %。结论　海马头部浅沟消失是诊断海马硬化的一个可靠征象 ,结合患侧海马有萎缩性改变和T2 加权成像信号增高 ,可肯定诊断海马硬化。     

湿润烧伤膏治疗婴儿湿疹的临床疗效观察

目的观察、探讨湿润烧伤膏(MEBO)治疗婴儿湿疹的临床疗效。方法将84例婴儿湿疹患儿随机分为治疗组(44例)和对照组(40例),治疗组外涂湿润烧伤膏治疗,对照组外涂湿疹膏治疗,连续治疗1周后,观察两组疗效。结果治疗组有效率为97.73%,对照组有效率为82.50%;两组疗效经秩和检验,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);随访1个月,治疗组未见复发,对照组有2例患儿复发。结论湿润烧伤膏治疗婴儿湿疹疗效好,无毒副作用,安全可靠。     

Study of age of fusion of hyoid bone

The present study was conducted to determine the age of fusion of greater cornua with the body of hyoid bone. Age of fusion of hyoid bone can help in determining the age of an individual, especially of unknown dead bodies where only skeletal remains are available. A victim of compression of neck will more likely have fracture of hyoid bone if his hyoid bone is fused. Indian authors have reported that the fusion of hyoid bone occurs after 40 years of age. Studies done by foreign workers observed that hyoid bone fused at an earlier age (30-40 years). A total of 170 excised hyoid bones from dead bodies belonging to the age group of 20-65 years were studied. Fusion occurred earlier in females as compared to males by about 5 years. The mean age of unilateral and bilateral fusion in males was 38.25 and 53.16 years, respectively. The mean age of unilateral and bilateral fusion in females was 38.00 and 48.50 years, respectively. All the hyoid bones were fused after the age of 60 years. No significant differences were found between the fusion on right and left side.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

The value of information of duration of pregnancy in establishment of paternity

Summary In order to get an idea of the value of the information on the duration of pregnancy in establishment of paternity, 511 records from 17 lower courts in Sweden were studied.It was found that when a blood group investigation has been performed, only a small number of cases remain where the paternity claim should be rejected by a court of law for the reason that the period of pregnancy has been extremely long or short.It was shown that only very extreme probability values (percentages) should give reason for rejection of paternity claims if a larger risk of error is to be avoided. The risk is somewhat smaller with long pregnancies than with short ones.The results of this study emphasize the difficulties involved in probability assessment in paternity suits.This report was presented at the Seventh International Medical-Legal Seminar, Stockholm 1971.     

消妇炎胶囊辅料的合理性实验研究

目的确定消妇炎胶囊的辅料及用量。方法以浸膏粉的吸湿率和流动性为考察指标,对加入淀粉、糊精及微晶纤维素3种不同辅料后制得的颗粒进行考察,优选出最佳辅料后,再对最佳辅料的不同用量进行考察。结果加入辅料后,颗粒的抗吸湿能力和流动性都明显改善,其中加入淀粉后,分别在6、12、24、48、60 h测得的吸湿率为2.01%、4.03%、5.98%、6.66%、7.31%,休止角为34.61°,均小于糊精与微晶纤维素,表明加入淀粉颗粒质量最好;每80 g浸膏粉中分别加入30、45、60 g淀粉,综合判定45 g较好。结论每80 g浸膏粉加入淀粉45 g为辅料用量参数,制得颗粒的抗吸湿能力和流动性均好,可节约成本。     

超声对观察椎动脉椎骨段走行的诊断意义

目的探讨超声对观察椎动脉椎骨段走行的诊断价值。方法对162例患者(走行异常者经血管造影或MR I等其他检查证实)的双侧椎动脉走行的二维和彩色血流信号等声像图信息进行回顾性分析,对椎动脉椎骨段走行异常作出诊断及分型。结果(1)超声通过二维或彩色多普勒的血流信号可显示椎骨段椎动脉有无、穿入位置和走行形态。(2)超声根据椎骨段椎动脉的有无、穿入位置和在椎骨段中的走行形态可将椎动脉椎骨段走行异常分为缺如0.6%(2/324),走行变异2.7%(9/324),走行弯曲5.5%(18/324)三大类。结论超声能清晰显示椎动脉椎骨段的有无、穿入位置及走行形态,能对椎动脉椎骨段的走行异常作出分型诊断,在形态学上为临床明确椎动脉的病因提供帮助。     

武警某院急诊科抗菌药物处方分析

 目的 了解武警某院急诊科抗菌药物的使用情况。方法 提取急诊科2015年下半年的处方,遴选出使用抗菌药物(除去眼膏、外用膏药及中成药)的处方。对抗菌药物处方进行分类统计及分析, 包括使用抗菌药物的种类及比例、使用居前6位的抗菌药物、抗菌药物的联合使用情况等。结果 在2015年下半年急诊处方中有抗菌药物处方3872张,占处方总数的22.3%。使用抗菌药物构成比中,喹诺酮类药物使用频率最高,占42.9%。使用居第一位的药物是左氧氟沙星,占39.8%。单联处方77.86%,二联处方22.14%,无三联处方。结论 2015年下半年我院急诊科抗菌药物使用符合卫生部抗菌药物使用规定,但有些方面还需要进一步改进。     

多发性肋骨骨折两种处置方式的比较

目的 探讨多发性肋骨骨折治疗的有效方法.方法 按纳入及排除标准筛选34例常规外固定病例（常规组）及31例行肋骨内固定术病例（内固定组）,比较两组的住院时间、疼痛持续时间、呼吸情况,以及肺部感染发生率.结果 两组患者一般资料及合并肺挫伤和胸水情况比较差异无统计学意义;内固定组住院时间、疼痛持续时间、呼吸频率恢复时间、SaO2恢复时间和肺部感染与常规组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.常规组肺部感染发生率为26.5％（9/34）,内固定组肺部感染发生率为3.2％ （1/31）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 肋骨内固定术优于常规外固定法.