腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌根治术后感染并发症的比较

目的探讨腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌根治术后感染并发症发生的差异。方法回顾性分析我院2009年1月~2015年6月结直肠癌根治术372例临床资料,包括腹腔镜手术163例和开腹手术209例,2组性别、年龄、手术切除范围、病理分型和临床分期等差异均无显著性。观察指标包括腹腔引流管和导尿管留置时间,手术时间,术中出血量,ICU住院时间,总住院时间和住院期间死亡率等,感染指标包括切口感染,腹腔脓肿(包括肝下、膈下、脾窝、盆腔和肠襻间等),院内获得性肺炎,下尿路感染,导管相关感染等。结果与开腹组相比,腹腔镜组术中出血少[(38.8±8.7)ml vs.(70.1±18.1)ml,t=-19.672,P=0.000],引流管留置时间短[(7.5±2.3)d vs.(10.7±3.1)d,t=-11.022,P=0.000],导尿管留置时间短[(0.9±0.2)d vs.(1.4±0.5)d,t=-12.035,P=0.000],住ICU时间短[(18.4±2.8)h vs.(27.9±6.1)h,t=-18.423,P=0.000],总住院时间短[(12.7±3.1)d vs.(15.1±4.2)d,t=-6.111,P=0.000],但手术时间显著延长[(195.8±35.2)min vs.(162.1±48.3)min,t=7.490,P=0.000]。腹腔镜组切口感染发生率显著降低[4.9%(8/163)vs.16.7%(35/209),χ2=12.555,P=0.000]。结论与开腹手术相比,腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术可减少术后切口感染的发生,且不增加其他感染并发症的发生率。     

急性结肠穿孔经腹腔镜与传统开腹手术效果比较

目的对比腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗急性结肠穿孔的效果,探讨经腹腔镜手术的安全性。方法回顾性分析2008年1月~2014年12月我院收治的42例急性结肠穿孔的临床资料,22例行腹腔镜手术,20例行开腹手术,对比2组的手术治疗效果。结果与开放组相比,腹腔镜组手术时间短[(160.5±25.4)min vs.(210.3±45.6)min,t=-4.426,P=0.000],手术失血量少[(112±21)ml vs.(220±53)ml,t=-8.834,P=0.000],术后肠造口排气早[(4.2±1.2)d vs.(7.3±3.4)d,t=-4.016,P=0.000],肺部感染少[9.1%(2/22)vs.40.0%(8/20),χ2=3.945,P=0.047],总住院时间短[(10.3±2.6)d vs.(15.6±2.4)d,t=-6.839,P=0.000],住院费用少[(2.26±0.45)万元vs.(3.16±0.38)万元,t=-6.966,P=0.000]。围术期死亡率和切口感染率差异无显著性(P0.05)。结论对于急性结肠穿孔采取经腹腔镜的手术方式,具有手术创伤小、出血量少、术后肠功能恢复快、肺部感染少、住院时间短、住院费用低等优点,疗效确切,安全可行,值得临床推广。     

经脐入路和传统腹腔镜经腹腹膜前腹股沟疝修补术的比较

目的 比较经脐入路腹腔镜和传统腹腔镜经腹腹膜前腹股沟疝修补术(transabdominal preperitoneal prosthesis, TAPP)的临床效果。方法 对2020年1月～2021年6月我科64例腹股沟疝进行回顾性分析，由患者选择手术方式，行经脐TAPP和传统TAPP各32例。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后24 h切口疼痛评分、术后住院时间、住院费用、术后并发症发生率、切口满意度评分及复发情况。结果 经脐组手术时间显著长于传统组[(94.3±10.7) min vs.(60.4±4.4) min,t=16.593,P=0.000],但术后切口疼痛评分低[(1.3±0.5)分vs.(3.1±0.7)分，t=-12.647,P=0.000],术后住院时间短[(1.7±0.7) d vs.(4.3±1.0) d,t=-12.149,P=0.000],住院费用低[(16.0±0.6)千元vs.(18.5±0.7)千元，t=-15.594,P=0.000],切口满意度评分高[(12.8±1.1)分vs.(8.6±1.5)分，t=12.635,P=0.000]。2组术中出血量...     

腹腔镜辅助小切口与开腹手术治疗老年胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔的比较

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助小切口手术治疗老年(≥60岁)胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔的应用价值。方法回顾我院2012年1月~2014年12月老年胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔患者96例资料,其中小切口组(腹腔镜辅助小切口修补)和开腹组各48例。2组年龄、性别、穿孔时间、穿孔大小及术前合并症等差异无显著性,比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后胃肠功能恢复时间、住院时间和术后并发症发生率。结果小切口组4例延长切口完成手术。与开腹组相比,小切口组术中出血少[(25.3±11.2)ml vs.(59.1±17.8)ml,t=-10.747,P=0.000],术后排气早[(25.0±4.9)h vs.(30.0±6.0)h,t=-4.437,P=0.000],住院时间短[(7.3±3.2)d vs.(10.6±4.7)d,t=-3.894,P=0.000],并发症少[13.6%(6/44)vs.37.5%(18/48),χ~2=6.780,P=0.009],但手术时间长[(56.3±9.4)min vs.(50.4±12.7)min,t=2.525,P=0.013]。结论腹腔镜辅助小切口手术治疗老年胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔易操作,创伤小,恢复快,术后并发症少,是老年胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔较为理想的手术方式。     

横断胸骨第2肋间小切口与胸骨正中切口行胸腺切除治疗重症肌无力的对比研究

目的比较横断胸骨第2肋间与胸骨正中切口行胸腺切除治疗重症肌无力的手术效果,以合理选择手术方式。方法回顾性分析1989年6月～2007年5月行胸腺切除术治疗633例重症肌无力患者的临床资料,根据不同的手术切口将其分为横断胸骨组(1989年6月～2007年5月,568例)和正中切口组(1989年6月～1996年5月,65例)。采用独立样本t检验分析手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院费用、术后住院时间等指标,采用χ2检验分析手术并发症、肌无力危象发生率。结果与正中切口组相比,横断胸骨组手术时间短[(71.1±14.4)min vs(110.0±11.7)min,t=8.829,P=0.000],术中出血量少[(56.4±15.7)ml vs(100.1±11.3)ml,t=9.406,P=0.000],胸腔引流时间短[(1.7±0.4)d vs(3.1±0.6)d,t=8.463,P=0.000],引流量少[(87.6±23.9)ml vs(99.9±11.2)ml,t=2.213,P=0.033],住院费用低[(11833.0±2167.2)元vs(15333.0±4141.4)元,t=2.594,P=0.017],术后住院时间短[(8.6±1.1)d vs(12.2±3.0)d,t=4.503,P=0.000],手术切口短[(7.9±1.2)cm vs(17.3±4.8)cm,t=7.911,P=0.000],切口感染发生率低[0%(0/568)vs 6.2%(4/65),P=0.000],胸骨裂开发生率低[0%(0/568)vs 7.7%(5/65),P=0.000],肺部感染发生率低[0%(0/568)vs 3.1%(2/65),P=0.010],手术后住院期间肌无力危象发生率低[8.8%(50/568)vs 16.9%(11/65),χ2=4.417,P=0.036]。2组术后第1年、第2年、第3年完全缓解率差异无显著性[21.8%(52/238)vs 19.5%(8/41),χ2=0.113,P=0.737;28.2%(67/238)vs 26.8%(11/41),χ2=0.030,P=0.862;31.9%(76/238)vs 31.7%(13/41),χ2=0.001,P=0.977]。结论横断胸骨第2肋间切口胸腺切除术治疗重症肌无力安全性好,手术时间短,创伤小,术中出血量少,胸腔引流和住院时间短,住院费用低,能降低术后肌无力危象和手术并发症的发生率,美观,而且横断胸骨组能取得正中切口组手术同样理想的治疗效果,值得临床推广。     

腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗低位直肠癌的效果对比

目的探讨腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗低位直肠癌的效果。方法回顾性分析我院2003年1月~2013年6月89例低位直肠癌患者的临床资料,45例行腹腔镜手术,44例行开腹手术,比较2组手术结果及并发症。结果与开腹组相比,腹腔镜组手术时间短[(160.5±25.4)min vs.(210.3±45.6)min,t=-6.387,P=0.000],术中出血少[(120±21)ml vs.(320±53)ml,t=-27.650,P=0.000],保肛率高[84.4%(38/45)vs.59.1%(26/44),χ~2=7.079,P=0.008],术后肛门排气早[(3.2±1.2)d vs.(6.3±3.6)d,t=-5.477,P=0.000],尿潴留少[4.4%(2/45)vs.20.5%(9/44),χ~2=5.264,P=0.022],总住院时间短[(10.3±2.4)d vs.(15.6±2.7)d,t=-9.793,P=0.000],2组术后切口感染、肺部感染、肠梗阻、吻合口漏、标本切除长度及清扫淋巴结数量等方面差异无显著性(P0.05)。67例获得随访1~5年,复发或肿瘤转移9例,其中6例死亡。结论对于低位直肠癌患者采取经腹腔镜的手术方式,能增加保肛率,而且具有手术创伤小、出血量少、尿潴留等并发症发生率低、术后肛门排气快、住院时间短等优点,疗效确切,值得临床推广。     

单孔胸腔镜与常规开胸手术治疗Ⅱ、Ⅲ期脓胸的效果观察

目的探讨单孔胸腔镜治疗Ⅱ、Ⅲ期脓胸的可行性和安全性。方法回顾性分析我院2014年1月~2016年12月96例Ⅱ、Ⅲ期脓胸资料,其中单孔胸腔镜(uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,UVATS)脓胸纤维板剥除术51例,包括Ⅱ期19例和Ⅲ期32例;开胸纤维板剥除术(open decortication,OD)45例,包括Ⅱ期23例,Ⅲ期22例。分别比较Ⅱ、Ⅲ期脓胸的2组手术时间、手术出血量、胸管拔除时间、术后住院时间、术后第4天疼痛视觉模拟评分(Visual Analogue Scales,VAS)、术后漏气5天发生率、切口感染率、术后心房纤颤和肺不张发生率。结果Ⅱ期脓胸中,与OD组比较,UVATS组手术时间短[(118.3±30.7)min vs.(160.0±40.8)min,t=-3.592,P=0.001],术中出血少[(220.0±60.0)ml vs.(280.6±100.3)ml,t=-2.274,P=0.029],胸管拔除早[(7.6±2.5)d vs.(10.7±4.5)d,t=-2.640,P=0.012],术后住院时间短[(8.2±1.5)d vs.(11.3±2.3)d,t=-4.864,P=0.000],疼痛VAS评分低[(2.3±1.5)分vs.(4.5±1.3)分,t=-4.973,P=0.000],2组术后持续漏气、切口感染、心房纤颤和肺不张发生率无统计学差异(P0.05)。Ⅲ期脓胸中,UVATS组术中出血少[(250.4±80.4)ml vs.(310.3±50.1)ml,t=-3.264,P=0.002],胸管拔除早[(10.6±2.5)d vs.(13.7±3.7)d,t=-3.769,P=0.000],术后住院时间短[(11.8±3.2)d vs.(14.2±4.1)d,t=-2.483,P=0.016],疼痛VAS评分低[(2.8±0.9)分vs.(4.9±1.4)分,t=-6.869,P=0.000],术后持续漏气少[3.1%(1/32)vs.24.0%(6/25),χ~2=3.905,P=0.048],切口感染少[0%(0/32)vs.20.0%(5/25),P=0.013],肺不张少[3.1%(1/32)vs.24.0%(6/25),χ~2=3.905,P=0.048],2组手术时间无统计学差异(P0.05)。Ⅲ期脓胸UVATS组2例中转开胸,OD组1例术后2个月后复发,均无死亡。结论与常规开胸纤维板剥除术比较,总体上UVATS治疗Ⅱ、Ⅲ期脓胸安全、有效,可以达到与开胸手术同样的效果。     

克氏针临时髓内固定联合锁定解剖钢板与重建钢板治疗粉碎性锁骨骨折的比较

目的探讨克氏针临时髓内固定联合锁定解剖钢板治疗粉碎性锁骨骨折的临床疗效。方法 2007年2月~2014年2月采用克氏针临时髓内固定联合锁定解剖钢板微创治疗粉碎性锁骨骨折52例(微创组),与同期采用重建钢板治疗粉碎性锁骨骨折60例(传统组)进行比较,比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、切口总长度、术后24 h疼痛VAS评分、骨折愈合时间、术后并发症发生率、术后3个月患肩Neer评分。结果 112例粉碎性锁骨骨折均顺利完成内固定术。微创组手术时间明显短于传统组[(45.0±7.5)min vs.(62.0±15.5)min,t=-7.208,P=0.000],术中出血量明显少于传统组[(25.0±16.5)ml vs.(63.0±19.7)ml,t=-10.968,P=0.000],切口总长度明显短于传统组[(6.4±0.8)cm vs.(10.3±1.7)cm,t=-15.147,P=0.000],术后24 h疼痛VAS评分明显低于传统组[(1.9±0.5)分vs.(4.4±0.4)分,t=-29.378,P=0.000],骨折愈合时间明显短于传统组[(9.3±1.2)周vs.(11.4±1.3)周,t=-8.834,P=0.000],并发症发生率明显低于传统组[0 vs.8.3%(5/60),Fisher精确检验,P=0.041]。112例随访12~48个月,平均14个月,2组术后3个月肩关节功能评分差异无显著性(P0.05)。结论克氏针临时髓内固定联合锁定解剖钢板微创治疗粉碎性锁骨骨折具有创伤小、手术时间短、复位容易、固定可靠、骨折愈合时间短、术后并发症发生率低等优点,是一种较理想的治疗方法。     

完全腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术的近期疗效分析

目的比较完全腹腔镜与开腹胰十二指肠切除术的疗效,探讨完全腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术的安全性和可行性。方法回顾性分析2016年1月~2018年10月胰十二指肠切除术资料,其中50例完全腹腔镜手术,58例开腹手术。2组肿瘤部位、病理类型、肿瘤最大径差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。比较2组围手术期和随访结果。结果与开腹组相比,腹腔镜组手术时间长[(393.5±72.9)min vs.(247.0±61.9)min,t=11.300,P=0.000],胰肠吻合时间长[(47.2±9.2)min vs.(28.5±7.0)min,t=11.951,P=0.000],而术后排气早[(3.4±1.0)d vs.(4.6±1.2)d,t=-5.534,P=0.002],进流食早[(5.1±2.3)d vs.(7.5±2.2)d,t=-5.280,P=0.000],拔除胃管早[(5.1±2.2)d vs.(9.4±4.2)d,t=-6.878,P=0.000],下床活动早[(2.0±1.2)d vs.(3.3±1.1)d,t=-5.928,P=0.000],术后住院时间短[(14.7±5.4)d vs.(18.9±10.5)d,t=-2.515,P=0.046],切口感染发生率低(0%vs.13.8%,P=0.007)。2组术后B级及以上胰漏(22.0%vs.15.5%)及总并发症发生率(36.0%vs.31.0%)差异无显著性(P>0.05)。2组恶性肿瘤清扫淋巴结数目、肿瘤分期和R0切除率差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。86例恶性肿瘤随访3~30个月,中位数18个月。2组术后总生存率(OS)和无进展生存率(PFS)差异均无显著性(log-rankχ^2=0.010,P=0.921;log-rankχ^2=0.148,P=0.701)。结论完全腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术在肿瘤根治效果、并发症发生率、预后等方面与开腹手术无显著差异,且具有术后恢复快、住院时间短等优势,安全可行。     

全胸腔镜与开胸手术治疗肺隔离症的疗效对比

目的探讨全胸腔镜与开胸手术治疗肺隔离症(pulmonary sequestration,PS)的疗效。方法回顾性分析我院2003年1月~2016年3月手术治疗的48例肺隔离症资料,根据患者经济条件,行全胸腔镜手术18例,开胸手术30例。行肺叶切除或隔离肺切除术。比较2组的术中出血量、术后当日胸腔引流量、术后镇痛时间、胸腔引流时间及术后住院时间。结果与开胸组比较,全胸腔镜组术中出血少[(56.1±50.4)ml vs.(120.0±54.2)ml,t=-3.813,P=0.000],术后当日胸腔引流量少[(160.0±56.0)ml vs.(280.0±65.0)ml,t=-6.100,P=0.000],术后镇痛时间短[(2.4±1.2)d vs.(7.6±1.9)d,t=-9.650,P=0.000],胸腔引流时间短[(2.8±1.0)d vs.(5.7±1.5)d,t=-6.755,P=0.000],术后住院时间短[(6.5±2.6)d vs.(10.1±2.8)d,t=-4.160,P=0.000]。2组手术时间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后发生肺部感染、心律失常、肺不张全胸腔镜组分别为1、0、1例,开胸组为3、2、1例,2组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论全胸腔镜手术治疗肺隔离症较传统开胸手术创伤小,术中出血少,疼痛轻,恢复快,住院时间短,是一种可靠安全的手术方式。     

Esophageal resection by cervico-abdominal approach without thoracotomy

The authors report their experience with transhiatal esophageal resection accumulated during the period between January 1978 and March 1990. Indications for the procedure included cancer of the gastric cardia (26.3%), cancer of the hypopharynx (3.8%), cancer of the esophagus (59.2%), and benign esophageal disease (9.8%). Esophageal substitution was performed using a tubulized stomach (63.6%), ileo-cecocoloplasty (28.5%), left colon (7.6%), and jejunum (0.3%). The majority of patients with neoplastic disease were found to be in an advanced stage (67.3% of esophageal cancer patients and 69.7% of cancer of the cardia patients with stage III disease). The mean intra-operative volume of blood transfused varied between 533 and 1,220 ml. Sixteen patients required hospitalization in the intensive care unit. The mean length of post-operative hospitalization varied between 16.8 and 20.6 days. Operative complications included hemorrhage (0.3%) and tracheal injury (0.6%). Operative (30 day) mortality was 5.8%. Causes of death included respiratory insufficiency (35.2%), pulmonary sepsis (23.5%), abdominal sepsis (17.8%), and others (undefined, 23.5%). The 5 year survival was 48.5% for cancer of the gastric cardia, 57.1% for cancer of the hypopharynx and 11.8% for esophageal cancer.     

CDH园型吻合器在胃底贲门癌外科中的应用

目的:评价CDH圆形吻合器经腹食管、胃吻合中的应用。方法:用该吻合器对45例胃底贲门癌切除术后行食管胃机械吻合,对照组同期18例胃底贲门癌切除术后行手工吻合,复习1989～1994年58例胃底贲门癌切除用上海GF-1型园型吻合器行食管胃机械吻合。结果:45例用CDH圆形吻合器均一次吻合成功,无器械故障,无吻合口瘘,无吻合口狭窄,无手术死亡病例。结论:CDH圆形吻合器设计合理、安全可靠、在胃底贲门癌经腹行食管胃吻合术中应用,可缩短手术时间,减少手术创伤,降低手术难度。     

全胃切除与近侧胃切除治疗胃底贲门部癌术后生存状态对比分析

目的研究全胃切除术治疗胃底贲门部癌在术后生存状况方面的意义。方法回顾性分析1997年5月至2012年10月期间兰州大学附属白银医院普通外科手术治疗的118例胃底贲门部癌患者的临床资料,其中行全胃切除术（全胃切除组）65例,行近侧胃切除术（近侧胃切除组）53例;对比分析2组患者的术后并发症、生存率、生活质量、营养指标等相关资料。结果①术后并发症发生率全胃切除组为7．7％（5／65）,近侧胃切除组为13．2％（7／53）,2组术后主要并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义积X2=0．972,P=O．248）。②术后1、3、5年生存率全胃切除组分别为63．1％、46．2％及30．8％,近侧胃切除组分别为66．O％、36．9％及18．5％,2组1年生存率比较差异无统计学意义贸=0．193,P=O．402）,全胃切除组的3、5年生存率明显高于近侧胃切除组呼X2=4．508,P=O．022;X2=30．271,P=-O．000）。③Spi~er生活质量评分在术后不同时相全胃切除组和近侧胃切除组间比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。术后不同时相Chew-wun Wu特殊症状量表评分：术后3个月时,全胃切除组烧心感的评分明显高于近侧胃切除组（P〈0．05）;术后6个月时,全胃切除组的烧心感和吞咽闲难的评分均明显高于近侧胃切除组∽〈0．05）;术后12个月时,食欲、进食量、烧心感和吞咽困难的评分均明显高于近侧胃切除组（P〈0．05）;其余指标2组间比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。④全胃切除组和近侧胃切除组术后营养指标比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论从本组资料看,全胃切除术治疗胃底贲门部癌,不增加并发症发生率,并能提高患者长期生存率,术后患者总体生存质量优于近侧胃切除术。     

经胸和经腹手术治疗贲门癌临床分析

目的比较经胸和经腹入路治疗贲门癌的临床效果。方法经胸入路65例(经胸组),均行左后外侧切口经6、7肋间进胸手术;经腹入路47例(经腹组),行经腹贲门癌根治术。结果两组手术时间、术中出血量比较无差异。经腹组上切缘癌残留率达25.5%(12/47),明显高于经胸组的1.5%(1/65),P<0.01。两组无围术期死亡,近期并发症无差异。经胸组、经腹组获随访人数分别为58例和42例,反流性食管炎的发生率分别为13.8%(8/58)vs.31.0%(13/42),吻合口狭窄分别为5.2%(3/58)vs.21.4%(9/42),差异显著(P<0.05);1,3,5年生存率分别为56.9%vs.52.4%,41.4%vs.35.7%,31.0%vs.28.6%,无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论经胸入路手术治疗贲门癌具有手术彻底、术后并发症少的优点,值得推广应用。     

Spleen Preservation in Radical Surgery for Gastric Cardia Cancer

Background In gastric cardia cancer (GCC), the spleen is usually removed when the tumor is resected. This allows thorough lymph node dissection in the splenic hilus. However, the long-term effect of splenectomy on patient survival is controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of spleen preservation on survival following radical resection for gastric cardia cancer. Methods We reviewed the records of 116 GCC patients (Siewert types II and III) who underwent radical resection with D2 or D3 lymphadenectomy between July 1994 and December 2003. Survival status was ascertained in December 2004 and data from 108 patients were analysed. Of these 108 patients, 38 underwent splenectomy and 70 had splenic preservation. Clinicopathological features and prognostic data of the splenectomy(+) and splenectomy(−) groups were compared. Results Seventy-four patients (68.5%) had lymph node involvement; 18 (16.7%) had involvement of nodes in the splenic hilus. Postoperative morbidity in the two groups was similar. Overall 5-year survival was higher in the splenectomy(−) group than the splenectomy(+) group (38.7% versus 16.9%, P =.008). Multivariate regression indicated that tumor invasion (P =.009) and lymph node metastasis (P = .001) were independent prognostic factors – they predicted decreased survival – with or without splenectomy. Although splenectomy was be associated with lower survival, it was not an independent prognostic factor (P =.085). Conclusions Splenectomy does not improve survival of patients who undergo curative resection for gastric cardia cancer. Thus, the spleen should be preserved in patients without direct cancer invasion of the spleen. Supported by the Project of 211 from Chinese Education Ministry, No.98087.     

贲门癌根治术后患者预后的多因素分析

目的探讨贲门癌根治术后患者预后的影响因素。方法通过回顾性分析我院1994年7月至2003年12月间行根治性手术治疗并有完整随访资料的108例贲门癌患者的临床病理资料，探讨影响贲门癌预后的相关因素。结果108例患者中，SiewertⅡ型占68例，Ⅲ型占40例；淋巴结转移率为68．5％（74／108）。本组患者随访至2004年12月，平均生存时间为37个月（95％CI为29．3～44．7月），中位生存时间为26．6个月；1、3和5年生存率分别为77．2％、33．6％和21．8％。单因素分析结果显示，是否行脾切除术、肿瘤大小、肿瘤浸润深度及淋巴结转移情况是影响患者预后的因素。多因素分析结果显示，仅肿瘤浸润深度（P=0．009）及淋巴结转移情况（P=0．001）是影响患者预后的独立因素，OR值分别为2．373（95％CI为1．474～16．212）和2．269（95％CI为1．450～4．997）。结论贲门癌根治术后患者的预后与肿瘤浸润深度及淋巴结转移数目呈负相关。脾脏未受侵犯时应予以保留，全胃切除未能改善贲门癌根治术后患者的预后。     

中国贲门癌流行概况

国内现有贲门癌流行病学资料甚少,且主要为食管胃癌高发区资料;贲门癌多发于食管胃癌高发区,但流行趋势与食管胃癌相反;由于定义、诊断和编码等问题,缺乏贲门解剖部位所发生癌症流行病学资料;与食管胃癌相比,贲门癌可能病因不同。本文系统回顾了现有资料,对国内贲门癌的地域分布、发病水平、性别年龄、流行趋势和发病因素展开描述。     

Lower Esophageal Sphincter- and Vagus-Preserving Proximal Partial Gastrectomy for Early Cancer of the Gastric Cardia

Purpose Proximal gastrectomy and lymph node dissection are often performed for T1 cancer of the gastric cardia; however, direct esophagogastrostomy is frequently complicated by reflux esophagitis. We describe a simple technique for preventing esophageal reflux and discuss its results. Methods This technique is indicated for T1 cancer of the gastric cardia without lymphadenopathy. Partial resection, including the lesion, is performed, preserving the vagus nerve and lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Lymph node dissection is done around the left gastric, celiac, and splenic arteries. The esophagus is then anastomosed to the anterior wall in the center of the remnant stomach. Results We evaluated the results of this procedure in eight patients. X-ray films showed no esophageal reflux in either the supine or the right decubitus position. None of the patients complained of reflux or other dyscrasic symptoms, and none had any feeling of microgastria. One patient had some localized erosion near the anastomosis. Conclusions This simple and safe technique does not result in post-gastrectomy syndrome or microgastria, and the risk of leaving cancer cells is minimal.     

微创肌肉非损伤性开胸术治疗贲门肿瘤

目的探讨微创肌肉非损伤性开胸行贲门肿瘤手术的可行性. 方法采用经左胸第7肋间微创肌肉非损伤性开胸行贲门肿瘤手术25例. 结果 20例贲门腺癌,4例鳞癌,行近端胃大部和食管下段切除,残胃-食管胸内吻合术.1例贲门部增生型息肉,行胃底切开,肿瘤摘除术.全组患者无围术期严重并发症,无手术死亡. 结论微创肌肉非损伤性开胸术操作简单,暴露充分,对相对早期的贲门癌是一种可选择的手术方法.     

Difference in main lymphatic pathways from the lower esophagus and gastric cardia

Lymphatic pathways draining the lower esophago-cardiac region were studied in 17 patients with carcinoma of the lower esophagus or gastric cardia, by measuring radioisotope uptakes in the regional lymph nodes. The uptakes were most remarkable in lower mediastinal and upper gastric lymph nodes, when the radioactive colloid was injected at the lower esophagus. A lesser degree of uptakes were observed both in other mediastinal and abdominal lymph nodes. On the contrary, a high degree of uptakes were detected only in abdominal lymph nodes, when the colloid was injected at the gastric cardia. The results indicated that main lymphatic pathways originating from the lower esophagus advance both upward and downward, and that those from the gastric cardia make their way downward to upper gastric, para-celiac and para-aortic lymph nodes. The actual incidences of lymph node metastases were also studied in 108 patients with carcinoma of the lower esophagus and 93 patients with carcinoma of the gastric cardia. In the former group, very high incidences were observed in lower esophageal and upper gastric lymph nodes. In the latter group, the incidence was most remarkable in upper gastric lymph nodes and far less significant in lower mediastinal lymph nodes. The results confirmed those of the radioisotope study. The importance of dissection of para-aortic lymph nodes near the left renal vein was also stressed.