伊马替尼耐药晚期胃肠间质瘤治疗策略分析

目的 分析伊马替尼耐药晚期胃肠间质瘤的治疗策略.方法 回顾性分析本院2013年1月~2013年12月收治的伊马替尼耐药晚期胃肠间质瘤患者30例的临床治疗,观察治疗患者的方法 及疗效,分析治疗策略.结果 30例患者中,采用手术切除治疗7例,采用伊马替尼增量治疗11例,采用舒尼替尼治疗12例.随访可知,手术治疗7例患者OS中位时间(87.5±6.1)周;伊马替尼增量治疗11例OS中位时间(93.2±8.4)周;舒尼替尼治疗12例OS中位时间(90.5±7.7)周.结论 临床治疗伊马替尼耐药晚期胃肠间质瘤患者时可采用的治疗方法 比较多,应依据患者的实际情况选择恰当的治疗方式,提升治疗效果,延长患者生存期.     

舒尼替尼治疗伊马替尼耐药晚期胃肠间质瘤的药物经济学评价

目的:比较舒尼替尼和大剂量伊马替尼用于既往伊马替尼治疗耐药的晚期胃肠间质瘤患者的二线治疗的成本-效果。方法:基于Ⅲ期临床试验的研究数据,结合我国相关药物和不良反应治疗成本,利用TreeAge软件建立Markov模型,对两种用药方案进行成本-效果分析。结果:进口药组大剂量伊马替尼和舒尼替尼方案的成本-效果比分别为45 806.19元/质量调整生存月(QALM)和20 330.79元/QALM,计算得到增量成本-效果比超出意愿支付阈值,舒尼替尼为优势药物。国产药组大剂量伊马替尼和舒尼替尼方案的成本-效果比分别为5 855.50元/QALM和15 101.70元/QALM,伊马替尼为优势药物。敏感性分析的结果与成本-效果分析一致。结论:对于伊马替尼耐药的晚期胃肠间质瘤患者,进口药组舒尼替尼治疗比大剂量伊马替尼治疗具有更好的经济性,但在国产药组中大剂量伊马替尼比舒尼替尼治疗具有经济学优势。     

伊马替尼治疗晚期胃肠间质瘤的临床疗效分析

目的探讨伊马替尼治疗晚期胃肠间质瘤的临床疗效及胃肠间质瘤临床病理学特征间的疗效差异性。方法回顾性分析74例晚期胃肠间质瘤患者的临床资料,并根据其临床病理学特征分组,分别比较不同组间伊马替尼疗效的差异性,并记录治疗的毒副作用。结果根据Choi标准评价伊马替尼治疗晚期胃肠间质瘤12月后的疗效,有效率(response rate)RR为87.8%(65/74),疾病控制率为94.6%(70/74),不同转移病灶部位(P=0.001)的RR有显著性差异。主要不良反应有胃肠道反应,肝肾功能损害,白细胞减少,水肿、皮疹,对症治疗后症状均可缓解或消失。结论 (1)伊马替尼对晚期胃肠间质瘤有较好的疗效,不良反应轻微;(2)有效率可能与性别、年龄、危险度、原发部位无明显差异性,而与转移灶部位有显著差异。     

伊马替尼血药浓度影响因素研究进展

伊马替尼是一种小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（TKIs）,主要用于治疗费城染色体阳性的慢性粒细胞白血病（CML）和不可切除或发生转移的胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）。伊马替尼自上市以来显示出了较好的疗效,但研究发现,服用相同剂量药物时,达稳态时伊马替尼血浆谷浓度的差异大,而血浆谷浓度与药物反应及患者的临床获益密切相关。因此,研究伊马替尼血药浓度影响因素,对判断药物疗效、评价治疗效果、调整治疗方案和规避毒副反应等方面有重要意义。笔者将从病理生理状态、代谢酶和转运体的基因多态性、联合用药等方面探讨影响伊马替尼血药浓度的因素,旨在为临床合理用药、制定个体化给药方案提供参考。     

伊马替尼治疗术后复发和转移性胃肠间质瘤11例疗效观察

胃肠间质瘤（GIST）是消化道最常见的间叶源性肿瘤,其主要治疗方法是手术,但术后极易复发或转移,术后如何进一步治疗是目前的难点。伊马替尼（Imatinib）的商品名是格列卫（Gleevec）,是对GIST有效的分子靶向药物,为术后复发、转移的患者提供了新的治疗手段。本文探讨伊马替尼对于术后复发和（或）转移性GIST的治疗效果,现报道如下。     

伊马替尼在胃肠道间质瘤治疗中的应用

伊马替尼为苯胺嘧啶的衍生物 ,是一特异性的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂 ,合成于 1992年 ,2 0 0 1年 5月被FDA批准用于治疗慢性粒细胞白血病。最近 ,伊马替尼又被FDA批准用于治疗胃肠道间质瘤(GIST) ,本文主要综述该药的药效学、药动学以及在GIST治疗中的疗效、不良反应和耐受性。     

肿瘤治疗药物Mastinib的Ⅱ期临床试验结束

2012年2月1日。法国AB Science制药公司宣布其在研的肿瘤治疗药物Masitinib用于对伊马替尼耐药的胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）患者的Ⅱ期临床试验取得积极结果。这项试验的受试者为不可手术的局部晚期或转移性GIST患者．且之前在接受伊马替尼治疗期间出现疾病恶化。试验显示．Masitinib治疗组患者在接受治疗18个月后和2年后的生存率均显著高于舒尼替尼对照组。     

67例胃肠道间质瘤患者伊马替尼辅助治疗的临床观察

目的探讨胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)伊马替尼辅助治疗的临床疗效。方法收集青岛市市立医院及川北医学院附属医院2007年1月至2012年12月间共67例手术切除的胃肠道间质瘤患者临床及随访资料进行回顾性分析。结果 39例局限性患者在随访期间未发生确切转移性病灶;28例转移患者中,伊马替尼治疗2³个月后临床及影像学评价:部分缓解6例,稳定14例,病情进展8例,其中3例患者对伊马替尼耐药,治疗期间病情持续进展,追加剂量后病情仍未控制,后患者放弃治疗,33个月后临床及影像学评价:部分缓解6例,稳定14例,病情进展8例,其中3例患者对伊马替尼耐药,治疗期间病情持续进展,追加剂量后病情仍未控制,后患者放弃治疗,3⁶个月后患者死亡。另5例患者在开始治疗66个月后患者死亡。另5例患者在开始治疗6¹2个月内病情稳定,后出现病情进展,在追加剂量后未能控制病情,患者行姑息性手术部分切除进展病灶后继续行伊马替尼治疗,患者病情稳定。结论胃肠道间质瘤伊马替尼辅助治疗能改善患者的愈后,长期使用伊马替尼的患者肿瘤复发率较低,且多数不良反应患者可以耐受。对于高风险的GIST患者推荐手术结合伊马替尼长期维持治疗。     

胃肠道间质瘤的治疗现状

胃肠道间质瘤是一类起源于胃肠道间叶组织的肿瘤。目前治疗方法主要包括手术治疗和药物治疗。在药物治疗中,伊马替尼治疗不可切除/转移/复发GIST疗效显著,使得伊马替尼辅助治疗的应用日益受到重视。     

舒尼替尼致甲状腺功能减退的研究进展

舒尼替尼是一种口服多靶点受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,用于治疗转移性肾细胞癌和伊马替尼治疗失败或不耐受的转移性胃肠道间质瘤.舒尼替尼致甲状腺功能减退的发生率较高,症状不典型,包括乏力、心悸、畏寒、嗜睡等,易与肿瘤相关症状及舒尼替尼的其他常见不良反应混淆.舒尼替尼致甲状腺功能减退可能与破坏甲状腺腺体、抑制甲状腺过氧化物酶和损伤血管有关.服用舒尼替尼的患者需定期监测甲状腺功能,必要时给予甲状腺激素替代治疗.     

Future options for imatinib mesilate-resistant tumors

The outcome of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors has been dramatically improved by therapy with imatinib mesilate (imatinib mesylate), a KIT and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Unfortunately, the majority of patients eventually experience disease progression due to drug resistance. Recent elucidation of the mechanisms of resistance to imatinib, particularly the acquisition of secondary mutations of the KIT and PDGF receptors, has provided significant insight and potential for the development of novel therapies. This review discusses the efficacy of sunitinib, which is approved for the treatment of patients with imatinib-resistant tumors, and highlights a number of emerging second-generation receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors that show therapeutic potential in imatinib-resistant patients. Also considered are several promising agents targeting pathways downstream of the constitutionally activated KIT and PDGF receptors. Strategies to overcome imatinib resistance by optimizing combination therapy and selecting specific kinase inhibitors based on the secondary mutations identified in tumors of individual patients are presented.     

Sunitinib: a newly approved small-molecule inhibitor of angiogenesis

The advent of targeted therapies has allowed treatment to be directed at signaling pathways integral to tumor growth and survival. Sunitinib (SU11248, sunitinib malate; Pfizer Inc., New York, NY, USA) is a novel oral small-molecule multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has demonstrated direct antitumor activity and antiangiogenic action. It targets the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), stem-cell factor receptor and Fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor 3 receptor tyrosine-kinases. In January 2006, sunitinib malate was granted approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumor after disease progression on, or intolerance to, imatinib mesylate, as well as for the treatment of metastatic renal cell cancer. This review will discuss the development of sunitinib, particularly in acute myeloid leukemia, imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumors and renal cell cancer. The review will also discuss ongoing trials with sunitinib in other malignancies such as neuroendocrine tumors and breast cancer, as well as its potential future development in combination therapy with other agents and in other malignancies.     

胃肠道间质瘤的临床特征及外科诊治分析

目的探讨胃肠道间质瘤的的临床特点及外科治疗经验。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2008年6月手术治疗40例胃肠道间质瘤患者的临床资料。结果胃肠道间质瘤中位年龄56.7岁,主要发生于胃和小肠,主要临床表现为腹胀、腹痛和消化道出血。术前9例诊断为间质瘤,2例获得病理确诊;40例患者行根治性手术治疗,12例复发再次手术;4例高度恶性患者术后口服格列卫靶向药物治疗;平均随诊3.5年,其中4例死亡。结论间质瘤临床表现无明显特征性,术前确诊率低,综合分析有助于提高确诊率,目前手术切除是胃肠道间质瘤的首选治疗,分子靶向治疗将成为今后治疗的重要手段和发展方向。     

Liposome-based approaches to overcome anticancer drug resistance.

Drug resistance remains an important obstacle towards better outcomes in the treatment of cancer. One general approach to overcome this problem has been to inhibit specific resistance mechanisms, such as P-glycoprotein (PGP)-mediated drug efflux, using small molecule agents or other therapeutic strategies. Alternatively, drug delivery approaches using liposomes or other carriers can in principle target drugs to tumor tissue, tumor cells, or even compartments within tumor cells. By increasing bioavailability of drugs at sites of action, these approaches may provide therapeutic advantages, including enhanced efficacy against resistant tumors. Current liposomal anthracyclines have achieved clinical use in cancer treatment by providing efficient encapsulation of drug in stable and non-reactive carriers, and there is evidence indicating potential benefit in some clinical settings involving resistant tumors. Other liposome-based strategies include constructs designed to be taken up by tumor cells, as well as further modifications to allow triggered drug release. These approaches seek to overcome drug resistance by more efficient delivery to tumor cells, and in some cases by concomitant avoidance or inhibition of drug efflux mechanisms. Newer agents employ molecular targeting, such as immunoliposomes using antibody-directed binding and internalization. These agents selectively deliver drug to tumor cells, can efficiently internalize for intracellular drug release, and can potentially enhance both efficacy and safety.     

舒尼替尼治疗神经内分泌瘤的研究进展

舒尼替尼是一种多靶点的小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,对多种介导肿瘤发生发展的激酶均有抑制作用,目前已用于肾细胞癌、胃肠道间质瘤等多种肿瘤的治疗。神经内分泌瘤是罕见的恶性肿瘤类型,占全部恶性肿瘤的比例不足1%,理论上可发生于整个神经内分泌系统,但多发生于胃、肠、胰腺。该药已被批准用于胰腺神经内分泌瘤的治疗,且收到较好的近远期效果。本文就舒尼替尼治疗神经内分泌瘤的疗效、不良反应和疗效影响因素等方面进行综述,现报道如下。     

甲磺酸伊马替尼临床研究概况

甲磺酸伊马替尼是一种蛋白质酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,用于治疗Ph染色体阳性慢性粒细胞白血病和恶性胃肠道间质肿瘤。本文从耐药机制、不良反应、生活质量考察、药物经济学成本-效用分析等方面综述了其最新临床研究进展。     

Detection of Resistance to Imatinib by Metabolic Profiling

Acquired resistance to imatinib mesylate is an increasing and continued challenge in the treatment of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase positive leukemias as well as gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Stable isotope-based dynamic metabolic profiling (SIDMAP) studies conducted in parallel with the development and clinical testing of imatinib revealed that this targeted drug is most effective in controlling glucose transport, direct glucose oxidation for RNA ribose synthesis in the pentose cycle, as well as de novo long-chain fatty acid synthesis. Thus imatinib deprives transformed cells of the key substrate of macromolecule synthesis, malignant cell proliferation, and growth. Tracer-based magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies revealed a restitution of mitochondrial glucose metabolism and an increased energy state by reversing the Warburg effect, consistent with a subsequent decrease in anaerobic glycolysis. Recent in vitro SIDMAP studies that involved myeloid cells isolated from patients who developed resistance against imatinib indicated that non-oxidative ribose synthesis from glucose and decreased mitochondrial glucose oxidation are reliable metabolic signatures of drug resistance and disease progression. There is also evidence that imatinib-resistant cells utilize alternate substrates for macromolecule synthesis to overcome limited glucose transport controlled by imatinib. The main clinical implications involve early detection of imatinib resistance and the identification of new metabolic enzyme targets with the potential of overcoming drug resistance downstream of the various genetic and BCR-ABL-expression derived mechanisms. Metabolic profiling is an essential tool used to predict, clinically detect, and treat targeted drug resistance. This need arises from the fact that targeted drugs are narrowly conceived against genes and proteins but the metabolic network is inherently complex and flexible to activate alternative macromolecule synthesis pathways that targeted drugs fail to control.     

A potential role for nilotinib in KIT-mutated melanoma

INTRODUCTION: The advent of effective immunotherapy and targeted therapy, such as ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody) and vemurafenib (BRAF inhibitor), are changing the treatment paradigm for metastatic melanoma. One of the most readily recognized targets in metastatic melanoma is the oncogenic 'driver' mutations KIT, which is thought to be an important driver mutation in up to 3% of melanomas. AREAS COVERED: We review the current state of development of KIT-targeted agents in melanoma with KIT mutations. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of nilotinib are presented, as well its safety clinical activity data. Finally, we present the knowledge learned from the experience of nilotinib in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) to guide its development for melanoma. EXPERT OPINION: Given its favorable safety and efficacy profile in CML and imatinib-resistant GISTs, nilotinib, a second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor with greater potency than imatinib, emerges as a promising agent in the treatment of metastatic melanoma harboring the KIT mutation and warrants clinical investigation in this setting.     

胃肠道间质瘤诊断与治疗的临床研究

目的：分析胃肠道间质瘤临床常用的诊断与治疗方法,并对其方法的有效性、安全性进行研究。方法：选择2005年1月～2010年1月在本院进行了手术治疗的胃肠道间质瘤患者共65例作为治疗组,随机选择同一时段86例胃、结直肠癌患者做为对照组,比较分析治疗组与对照组的CT、消化道造影、内镜＋活检资料的临床价值。将该组胃肠道间质瘤患者按照手术后是否服用甲磺酸伊马替尼分为两组,治疗组：手术＋甲磺酸伊马替尼,对照组：手术。分析二者在疗效上的差异。结果：CT、消化道造影、内镜＋活检等临床资料显示出能够帮助诊断的显著性的差异。是否服用甲磺酸伊马替尼在复发、转移、生存时间等方面具有显著性差异。结论：临床资料不能确诊胃肠道间质瘤,但能够提供相当准确的临床诊断;GIST术后复发率很高,甲磺酸伊马替尼对防止转移、复发、延长生存时间有良好的疗效。