欣母沛联合改良B-Lynch缝合术在剖宫产宫缩乏力性产后出血中的应用

目的观察欣母沛联合改良B-Lynch缝合术治疗剖宫产宫缩乏力性产后出血的效果。方法将76例剖宫产术中宫缩乏力性产后出血患者分为2组,各38例。对照组给予欣母沛+宫腔填塞纱条治疗,观察组给予欣母沛+改良B-Lynch缝合术治疗,比较2组止血效果。结果与对照组比较,观察组手术时间、止血时间和住院时间短,术中出血量、术后24 h阴道出血量少,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);对照组术后并发症发生率(18.42%)高于观察组(2.63%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论欣母沛联合改良B-Lynch缝合术治疗剖宫产宫缩乏力性产后出血,止血迅速、出血量少,手术时间和住院时间短,术后并发症发生率低。     

改良子宫背带式缝合术联合宫腔填纱术治疗剖宫产宫缩乏力性产后出血41例效果观察

目的探讨改良子宫背带式缝合术联合宫腔填纱术治疗剖宫产宫缩乏力性产后出血的效果。方法随机将82例剖宫产宫缩乏力性产后出血患者分为2组,各41例。对照组采取宫腔填纱术,观察组采取改良子宫背带式缝合术联合宫腔填纱术治疗。观察2组止血有效率、24 h出血量等指标。结果观察组止血总有效率、24 h出血量、并发症发生率及住院时间均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论改良子宫背带式缝合术联合宫腔填纱术治疗剖宫产宫缩乏力性产后出血,出血量少,并发症发生率低,住院时间短,止血效果显著。     

益母草注射液配合宫腔水囊压迫止血法在前置胎盘剖宫产术后出血的应用

目的探讨益母草注射液配合宫腔水囊压迫止血法治疗前置胎盘剖宫产产后出血的临床效果。方法将40例前置胎盘剖宫产产后出血患者随机分为实验组和对照组。在剖宫产术中,对照组采用宫腔水囊压迫止血,实验组在宫腔水囊压迫的基础上,术中予子宫下段肌层注射益母草注射液80mg,以后每12小时肌肉注射益母草注射液1次,每次40mg,连续注射3d。观察两组患者术中、产后2h、产后24h时出血量,并观察治疗期间的不良反应。结果两组治疗方法均达到了止血目的,实验组患者术后2h出血量、术后24h出血量均明显少于对照组（P〈0.05）。两组治疗期间无明显不良反应。结论益母草注射液配合宫腔水囊压迫止血法能更有效地减少前置胎盘剖宫产术后出血,安全性较好。     

Bakri球囊填塞治疗中央型前置胎盘剖宫产产后出血效果分析

目的分析Bakri球囊填塞治疗中央型前置胎盘剖宫产产后出血的效果。方法按不同止血方法将中央型前置胎盘剖宫产产后出血的患者分为2组。观察组采用宫腔Bakri球囊填塞法止血,对照组采用宫颈填纱联合B-Lynch缝合术止血。比较2组的疗效。结果观察组手术时间短于对照组,术中及术后24 h内出血量少于对照组,不良反应发生率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组无子宫切除病例,对照组2例(6.67%)因止血无效行子宫全切除,2组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后随访6个月,除2例子宫切除患者,其余患者术后月经均恢复正常。第42天复查彩色超声均提示子宫复旧良好,无宫腔粘连等并发症。结论 Bakri球囊填塞治疗中央型前置胎盘剖宫产产后出血,止血效果确切,不良反应少,安全性高。     

改良B-Lynch缝合术治疗剖宫产宫缩乏力性产后出血的临床效果

目的分析改良B-Lynch缝合术治疗剖宫产宫缩乏力性产后出血的临床价值和体会。方法将52例剖宫产宫缩乏力性产后出血患者按照入院时间先后分为2组,每组26例。观察组实施改良式B-Lynch缝合术止血,对照组予以宫腔填塞术止血。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后24 h出血量及治疗有效率、产褥病率等。结果观察组手术时间短于对照组,术中出血量、术后24 h出血量及术后产褥病率低于对照组,治疗有效率高于对照组。差异均有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论改良B-Lynch缝合术治疗剖宫产宫缩乏力性产后出血,操作简单,止血效果可靠,术后产褥病率低。     

子宫背带式缝合术治疗剖宫产产后出血

目的观察子宫背带式缝合术治疗剖宫产产后出血的效果。方法选择2015-04—2017-03间收治的100例剖宫产产后出血患者,随机分为2组,各50例。对照组给予纱布宫腔填塞联合动脉结扎术,观察组予以子宫背带式缝合术。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量及术后24 h阴道出血量和并发症。结果观察组手术时间、术中出血量短(少)于对照组,术后并发症发生率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。2组术后24 h阴道出血量差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论对剖宫产产后出血患者应用子宫背带式缝合术治疗,止血快且效果好,并发症少,安全性高。     

宫腔填塞术联合欣母沛治疗剖宫产产后出血18例临床观察

目的：探讨子宫腔填塞纱条联合欣母沛治疗剖宫产产后出血的临床疗效。方法36例剖宫产产后出血患者随机分为对照组和治疗组各18例，对照组采用按摩子宫、注射催产素、舌下含服米索前列醇等治疗，治疗组在对照组的基础上联合欣母沛、子宫腔填塞纱条治疗，比较两组的治疗效果，手术时间及产后2、24h出血量。结果对照组的有效率为72.2%，治疗组的有效率为94.4%，治疗组的有效率显著高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗组的手术时间明显短于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗组产后2、24h出血量均显著少于对照组，差异有高度统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论欣母沛联合子宫腔填塞纱条是治疗剖宫产产后出血的一种有效方法。     

欣母沛联合宫腔填纱治疗前置胎盘剖宫产产后出血效果观察

目的分析欣母沛联合宫腔填纱治疗前置胎盘剖宫产产后出血的临床效果。方法将80例前置胎盘剖宫产产后出血患者随机分成2组,每组40例。胎儿娩出之后2组均给予子宫壁注射缩宫素。对照组实施宫腔填纱,观察组应用欣母沛联合宫腔填纱治疗。比较2组患者术中、术后24 h出血量及不良反应等情况。结果观察组术中出血量及术后24 h出血量均少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组宫颈持续收缩时间长于对照组,恶露持续时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对前置胎盘剖宫产产后出血患者应用欣母沛联合宫腔填纱治疗,止血效果和术后恢复时间均优于单纯宫腔填纱。     

子宫背带式缝合术治疗剖宫产产后出血效果观察

目的观察子宫背带式缝合术治疗剖宫产产后出血中的效果。方法随机将76例剖宫产产后出血患者分为2组,每组38例。对照组应用纱布填塞宫腔及子宫动脉结扎术,观察组实施子宫背带式缝合术。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、术中输血例数及治疗有效率。结果观察组手术时间短于对照组,出血量、术中输血例数、产褥病率少于对照组,治疗有效率高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对剖宫产产后出血患者实施子宫背带式缝合术,能够缩短手术时间,减少术中出血量,提高预后效果。     

改良B-lynch缝合术治疗剖宫产后宫缩乏力性产后出血的体会

目的探讨改良子宫背带式(B-Lynch)缝合术治疗剖宫产后宫缩乏力性产后出血的效果。方法将56例剖宫产术中宫缩乏力性产后出血产妇随机分为2组,每组28例。对照组采用宫腔填纱法止血,观察组采用改良B-Lynch缝合法止血。比较2组的止血效果。结果观察组产妇止血时间短于对照组,术后24 h阴道出血量显著少于对照组,子宫切除率及产后并发症发生率低于对照组。差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论改良B-Lynch缝合术治疗剖宫产后宫缩乏力性产后出血,操作简单、止血效果好、术后恢复快、安全性高。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Is the recovery profile of mivacurium independent of the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with normal plasma cholinesterase activity?

Background: The duration of action of muscle relaxants is poorly correlated to the rate of decay of their plasma concentration. The plasma concentration of mivacurium may rapidly decrease below its active concentration because of the extensive hydrolysis of mivacurium. By inflating a tourniquet on one upper limb for 3 min after the administration of atracurium, mivacurium or vecuronium, we studied the influence of the initial decline of their plasma concentration on their effect. Methods: In 50 patients anaesthetised with thiopental, isoflurane and fentanyl, the effect of bolus doses of 0.15 or 0.25 mg . kg^?1 mivacurium (MIV 15, MIV 25), 0.3 or 0.5 mg . kg^?1 atracurium (ATR 30, ATR 50) and 0.06 or 0.1 mg . kg^?1 vecuronium (VEC 06, VEC 10) were measured on both arms (evoked response of the adductor pollicis to train-of-four stimulation every 12 s), a tourniquet being applied on one arm just before and during 3 min after the muscle relaxant bolus. Results: Tourniquet inflation of 3 min almost abolished the neuromuscular effect of mivacurium. In the vecuronium groups and in the ATR 50 group, tourniquet inflation did not modify the maximum degree of depression of the twitch response. Also, the duration of action of vecuronium was unaffected by the tourniquet. In the ATR 30 group, times to return of the twitch response to 25% (duration 25%) and 75% (duration 75%) of control response were significantly shorter in the cuffed arm, 23 min vs 27 min, and 41 min vs 45 min, respectively. In the ATR 50 group, only duration 25% was significantly shorter in the cuffed arm (41 min vs 45 min). Conclusion: The results suggest that the rate of decline of the plasma concentration of mivacurium is so rapid, that a very low and almost clinically ineffective concentration is present as soon as 3 min after its administration. The results also indicate that the recovery from a mivacurium-induced neuromuscular blockade is not influenced by the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with genotypically normal plasma cholinesterase.     

Membranes in Artificial Organs

Abstract: Membrane processes play a pivotal and enabling role in modern replacement therapy for acute and chronic organ failure and in the management of immunologic diseases. In fact, virtually all contemporary extracorporeal blood purification methods employ membrane devices, and the next generation of artificial organs and tissue engineering therapies are almost certain to be similarly grounded in membrane technology. In this short essay, we comment on the similarities and differences among synthetic membranes and their natural counterparts and also provide a critical overview of the demographics and technology of hemodialysis, hemofiltration, apheresis, oxygenation, and emerging membrane technologies and applications.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.