Analysis of Similarities and Differences between Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Both coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID?19) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) are epidemic, contagious, sudden, and publicly harmful diseases. The whole?genome nucleotide identity of the pathogens causing the two diseases reached 79.5%. The mechanism and treatment of COVID?19 are still under investigation. Combining the experiences of SARS prevention and treatment in 2003, and the case data and literature of COVID?19, the similarities and differences between the two diseases in terms of causes, susceptible people, characteristics, dialectical mode, and treatment were analyzed. The two diseases are both plagues in terms of Chinese medicine. The cause of SARS was “heat poison,” and its pathogenesis was “heat poison, stasis, and qi and yin deficiency.” Therefore the treatment regimen was mainly to clear away heat, detoxicate, and expel evil. While the cause of COVID?19 was “wet poison,” and its pathogenesis was “wet, poison, heat, stasis, close, syncope, and yang collapse.” Hence the basic treatment strategy was to declare lung and remove dampness. Treatment of COVID?19 was clearing away evil qi as soon as possible, with the basic treatment regimen, which was declaring lung, removing dampness, and dispelling the evil. Combined with Traditional Chinese medicine’s (TCM’s) understanding and experience in SARS prevention and treatment, and Chinese clinical cured cases, we try to provide strategies for people all over the world to understand and respond to COVID?19, through the analysis and comparison. To improve COVID-19 prevention and treatment regimen and give full play to the advantages of TCM.     

Treatment of 27 cases of hiccup by one-finger pushing manipulation

Hiccup is called as "Yue (retching)" and "Yue ni" in ancientry. Su Wen (《素问 》) says: "Disorder of the stomach showing adverse rising of qi with hiccup".This symptom can occur alone or be seen in various diseases. TCM considers hiccup is caused generally by disharmony of middle energizer, adverse rising of stomach qi moving diaphragm, leading to inhibited activity of qi in diaphragm. The authors consider the left ascending and the right descending in transportation and transformation of qi activity in middle energizer; turbid qi belongs to yin and tends to descend, clear qi belongs to yang and tends to ascend.Turbid qi gets descending and then clear qi ascends,leading to harmony of qi activity and stop of hiccup.The therapeutic method was as follows.     

LECTURES ON ACUPUNCTURE：Part Ⅰ Clinical Acupuncture Lecture Twenty-Four ＂XIONGBI＂ （CHEST PAIN） SYNDROME

“Xiongbi“ chest (or precordial) pain with stuffiness, or chest pain syndrome is referred to choking pain in the chest due to stagnation of chest -yang, failure of qi and blood in warming and nourishing the local meridians. It is usually caused by stagnation of dampness and phlegm in the interior, or by insufficiency of qi and blood stasis, leading to impeded flow of qi and blood in the heart vessels. Its pathological characteristics are deficiency (chest-yang) in origin and excess (i.e., qi stagnation) in superficiality. The therapeutic principles are promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, getting rid of blockage and dredging the passages of yang-qi.     

Acupuncture Treatment for 35 Cases of Urticaria

In TCM it is held that urticaria is mostly due to weak constitution with deficiency of qi and blood, or prolonged illness that causes consumption of qi and blood. Such constitution can result in formation of wind due to blood deficiency, and intemal-extemal lack of resistance due to qi-deficiency, which gives chances to pathogenic wind to invade the body, hence the occurrence of urticaria. Therefore, this disease is a complicated one with deficiency in the origin and excessiveness of pathogen. The Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department of Guanganmen Hospital has adopted acupuncture treatment for this disease through treating both the incidental and fundamental simultaneously, and obtained quite good clinical therapeutic effects as is summarized in the following.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel （GV）. TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction （益肾强督汤） prescribed.     

Introduction to Zi Wu Liu Zhu （Midnight-Noon Ebb-Flow）

Zi Wu Liu Zhu is a very important part of the theory of TCM. "Zi" (Midnight) and "Wu" (Midnoon) reflect the growth and decline of yin and yang. In reference to the 24 h cycle, at Zi time (23-1) yin qi reaches its most extreme. After that the yin begins to decline and yang qi starts to increase. At Wu time (11-13) yang qi is at its most extreme, after which it begins to decline, and the Yin qi starts to increase. Thus the Zi and Wu represent     

Observation on clinical effects of tuina plus hot compress for infantile diarrhea due to spleen-kidney yang deficiency

Objective： To observe the clinical effects of tuina plus hot compress for nfantile diarrhea clue to spleen-kidney yang deficiency. Methods： One hundred cases were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group, 50 cases in each group. The treatment group was treated with tuina plus hot compress. The control group was treated with oral administration of Live Combined Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Enterococcus powder （Bifico）. The clinical effects were observed after 5-day intervention. Results： The total effective rate was 94.0% in the treatment group and was 66.0% in the control group. The difference in the total effective rate between the two groups was statistically significant （P〈0.05）. The clinical effect was better in the treatment group than that in the control group. Conclusion： Tuina plus hot compress for infantile diarrhea due to spleen-kidney yang deficiency can produce a better clinical effect than oral administration of Bifico.     

甲状腺功能亢进症中医证候分布规律的研究

Objective To Analyze the distribution characteristics of Hyperthyroidism's syndrome and the relationship between symptoms and thyroid hormones. Methods The TCM syndromes of a total of 78 patients with hyperthyroidism were differentiated. The relationship between syndrome and general condition of patients (gender and age, etc.) were analyzed;correlation between symptoms and thyroid hormones were also studied. Results Of all 78 patients, patients with yin deficiency and hyperactive yang accounted for 43.6%; patients with internal disturbance of phlegm-fire accounted for 30.8 %; and patients with hypteracitivity of heart-fire and liver-fire accounted for 25.6%. The severity of all the symptoms showed positive correlation with hyroid hormones (the value of r is positive, P＜0.05); and no linear relationship with TSH (P＞0.05).Conclusion The syndrome of yin deficiency and hyperactive yangI was the most common syndrome type. Thyroid hormones had direct proportion with the severity of syndrome.     

Professor QIN Liang-fu's Clinical Experience: Using Governor Vessel to Treat Miscellaneous Diseases

Professor QIN attaches great importance to the theory of Governor Vessel and focuses on the regulation of the yang qi in the Governor Vessel. In the early 1960s, he put forward the viewpoint that the Gov ernor Vessel is mainly used to treat such diseases of the limbs as cervical and lumbar retrograde affection,apoplectic sequelae and syringomyelia. In Chinese medicine, the Governor Vessel is considered as the sea and commander of yang meridians, dominating the yang qi throughout the body and connecting the hand and foot yang meridians. Professor QIN applies the theory of Governor Vessel to harmonize yin and yang, qi and blood, ultimately to treat various miscellaneous disorders. Gradually, he gets used to use the Governor Vessel to treat miscellaneous diseases. Clin ical practice has proved that the acupoints of the Governor Vessel have better effects than the local acupoints in the treatment of miscellaneous diseases.His clinical experience is presented as follows.     

膝骨关节炎中医辨证分型与中医体质类型关联性分析

目的:调查膝骨关节炎人群中医体质类型及中医证型分布情况,初探膝骨关节炎中医证型与中医体质的关联性。方法:收集188例膝骨关节炎患者为观察组,100例非膝骨关节炎为对照组,逐一判定中医体质类型及中医证型,统计中医体质及中医证型的分布情况,并采用Logistic回归分析,探讨膝骨关节炎与中医体质类型、中医证型与中医体质类型的关联性。结果:①观察组偏颇质以阳虚质、气虚质、阴虚质最常见;②阳虚质、气虚质、阴虚质为膝骨关节炎正向风险因素;③观察组症候表现复杂,以肝肾亏虚证为主,其次为寒湿痹阻证、气血虚弱证、气滞血瘀证;④中医证型与中医体质类型相关联,其中寒湿痹阻证与气虚质显著相关;肝肾亏虚证与阳虚质、气虚质、阴虚质显著相关;气血虚弱证与阳虚质、气虚质、阴虚质显著相关;气滞血瘀证与阳虚质显著相关。结论:阳虚质、气虚质、阴虚质人群易患膝骨关节炎;膝骨关节炎人群以肝肾亏虚证居多,寒湿痹阻证次之,气血虚弱证和气滞血瘀证较少;从不同体质与中医证型的关系来看,寒湿痹阻证与气虚质显著相关;肝肾亏虚证与阳虚质、气虚质、阴虚质显著相关;气血虚弱证与阳虚质、气虚质、阴虚质显著相关;气滞血瘀证与阳虚质显著相关。     

138例血液透析患者中医证候分布规律的调查

目的：观察138例长期维持性血液透析患者的中医证候分布。方法：通过临床观察138例长期维持性血液透析治疗的患者,研究其中医证候的临床分布特点及影响因素,进行统计分析。结果：（1）MHD患者中单纯虚证患者较多,占53.7%。本虚证以脾肾气虚证最多,占47.1%（65/138）。（2）该组MHD患者本虚证脾肾气虚证患者年龄小于肝肾阴虚证、气阴两虚证、阴阳两虚证,标实兼证中湿热证小于湿浊证（P〈0.05）;本虚证中脾肾气虚证及肝肾阴虚证透析时间长于气阴两虚证及阴阳两虚证（P〈0.05）;脾肾气虚证原发病以慢性肾小球肾炎为主,肝肾阴虚证以高血压病及慢性肾小球肾炎为主,气阴两虚证以慢性肾小球肾炎及糖尿病为主,阴阳两虚证以红斑狼疮、梗阻性肾病、多囊肾、痛风、肾癌为主。结论：（1）维持性血液透析患者中医证型特点表现为急证、重证较少,而慢证、轻证较多。（2）患者年龄因素、透析时间因素、原发病因素可以影响中医证候分布。     

北京地区271例肺结节患者中医证候分布特征研究

目的：分析北京地区肺结节（PN）的中医证候分布特征。方法：收集北京地区271例肺结节患者的中医四诊信息,运用主成分分析法,结合证候要素判定标准确定肺结节的中医证候要素特点,再应用系统聚类分析法对条目进行聚类分析,探索北京地区肺结节的中医证候分布特征。结果：肺结节的证候要素主要为痰浊、痰湿、气虚、血瘀和阳气虚。聚类分析结果显示,肺结节的中医证候以肺气虚证占比最多（34.3%）,其余依次为肺气阴两虚证（19.2%）、瘀血阻络证（17.7%）、痰热郁肺（16.2%）、肝郁气滞（12.5%）。结论：肺结节的病位主要在肺,属虚实夹杂、本虚标实之证;临床可分为肺气虚证、痰热郁肺证、肺气阴两虚证、肝郁气滞证、瘀血阻络证,其中以肺气虚证、肺气阴两虚证占比较高。在治疗和辨证过程中,要首重气阴两虚的问题,适时加用补气养阴,强肺气,润肺脉,使气血调达通畅,则邪无以聚。     

冠心病心绞痛中医证候特点与合并疾病的相关性分析

目的:探讨冠心病心绞痛中医证候特点与合并疾病之间的关系。方法:建立2029例冠心病心绞痛的证候数据库,通过Logistic回归分析,研究高血压病、糖尿病、高脂血症对冠心病心绞痛证候特点的影响。结果:冠心病合并高血压病证候相关强度依次为血瘀(4.261)、气虚(2.500)、气滞(2.084)、痰寒(1.774)、痰热(1.303)、阳虚(0.537);合并糖尿病证候相关强度依次为阴虚(14.026)、阳虚(2.581)、痰寒(0.391)、气滞(0.278)、寒凝(0.074);合并高脂血症证候相关强度依次为痰热(13.403)、痰寒(6.116)、气虚(3.645)、气滞(3.041)、血瘀(2.840)、阴虚(1.676)。结论:冠心病合并高血压病与血瘀的关联性最高,多表现为血瘀证候;合并糖尿病与阴虚的关联性最强,多表现为阴虚证候;合并高脂血症与痰浊关联性最强,多表现为痰浊的证候,尤其痰热关联性显著。     

944例高血压患者中医证素与体质的相关性研究

目的:探讨高血压患者中医证素与体质的相关性。方法:对纳入的944例高血压患者进行调查,收集四诊资料,进行证素判断与中医体质判定,采用Logistic回归分析方法研究体质与证素的相关性。结果:病性证素分布依次为:阳虚(28.4%)、内火(20.8%)、阴虚(17.9%)、阳亢(8.3%)、气虚(7.8%)、痰浊(6.4%)、血虚(4.4%)、血瘀(3.6%)、肝风(1.5%)、气滞(1.0%),虚性证素以阳虚、内火和阴虚证素为主,实性证素以痰浊、血瘀为主;偏颇体质由高至低顺序为:痰湿质(30.6%)阴虚质(28.0%)阳虚质(18.8%)湿热质(12.3%)气虚质(4.7%)瘀血质(3.9%)气郁质(1.2%);以痰湿质、阴虚质、阳虚质、湿热质为最常见的4种偏颇体质;高血压患者中医证素与体质差异经检验有显著统计学意义(χ2=425.88,P0.01)。回归分析提示阴虚质与阳亢、阳虚质与阳虚回归系数为正,说明阴虚质患者对阳亢证素呈正相关,阳虚质患者对阳虚证素呈正相关;气虚质与内火、血瘀、阴虚、阳虚回归系数为负,表明气虚质对这些证素负相关。结论:阳虚、内火和阴虚证素为高血压患者主要证素;痰湿质、阴虚质、阳虚质、湿热质为最常见的4种偏颇体质,高血压患者证素与体质有一定相关性。     

丁学民辨治抑郁症经验

总结丁学民老师治疗抑郁症经验。认为本病主要病机为气机郁滞、五脏阴阳气血失和;治疗宜疏导气机为先,结合脏腑气血阴阳盛亏灵活辨治;临床常见证型有肝郁气滞、肝郁脾虚、气滞痰阻、气滞血瘀、心脾两虚、阴虚火旺及肝肾阴虚;擅用经方及花类药物治疗。并举验案1则以说明。     

基于现代文献的经前期综合征证候分布特点的梳理

目的：探讨经前期综合征证候分布特点,对证候规范化进行深化研究。方法：遵循循证医学的原则,通过数据库网上检索结合手工检索,依据纳入标准纳入文献,规范名称,统计文献中经前期综合征证与各证症状的频数。结果：证候规范归纳为55种证候类型,总频次191次。其中出现频次前9位的证候类型依次为：肝郁;肝郁化火;肝郁脾虚;肝肾阴虚;脾肾阳虚;血瘀气滞;阴虚阳亢;阴虚火旺;心脾两虚,并确定了各证主要症状。结论：以上结果为经前期综合征证候标准化研究提供了依据,为课题组进一步的临床流行病学调查奠定了基础。     

血液透析中医证候分布规律的研究述要

慢性肾功能衰竭病机为本虚标实,虚实夹杂,正虚为本,邪实为标。以正虚为主,兼夹邪实。正虚为脾肾气虚、脾肾阳虚、肝肾阴虚、气阴两虚、阴阳两虚。邪实为外感、痰热、水气、湿浊、湿热、瘀血、风动、风燥。指出:并发症大多是透析无法解决的。可通过中药灌肠、中药洗浴、中药外敷及针灸等多途径治疗。     

372例肺癌患者中医证型及其舌象分析

目的：探讨肺癌的中医证型及其舌象分布特点。方法：选取肺癌患者372例,通过中医辨证,统计气虚、血虚、阴虚、阳虚、痰湿、痰热、热毒、气滞、血瘀9个单一证型的出现频次,分析证型构成比,以及舌象与中医证型的关系。结果：（1）气虚证、血虚证、阴虚证、阳虚证、痰湿证、痰热证、热毒证、气滞证、血瘀证9个单一证型共出现1053例次,其中血瘀证最多,其次为气虚证,痰证（包含痰湿证10.07%、痰热证7.12%）居第3位,阳虚证最少（3.23%）。（2）9个单一证型舌质分布差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。除气虚证与痰热证、气虚证与气滞证、血虚证与阳虚证、阴虚证与热毒证、痰热证与气滞证外,各证型间舌质比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。（3）9个单一证型舌苔分布差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。除气虚证与气滞证、气虚证与血瘀证外,各证型间舌苔比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：肺癌的中医证型以血瘀证、气虚证、痰湿证、痰热证为多;各证型的舌证符合率比较,以实证的舌证符合率较高,而虚证符合率较低。     

心悸源流探析

从病名、病因病机两方面对心悸病的源流进行考证。心悸的发生多为体质虚弱、饮食劳倦、七情内伤、感受外邪以及他病累及或失治误治。其病机不外正虚及邪实两方面:正虚者,不外气血阴阳的亏虚;邪实者,或为火热、或为痰饮、或为瘀血,且在其发病过程中,正虚与邪实两方面常常相伴出现,互为因果。因此,在临床治疗心悸病时,必须辨证求因,审因论治。