131I-SPECT配2.5mA X射线球管装置显像在分化型甲状腺癌131I去除治疗后的临床应用

目的 探讨单光子发射计算机断层显像（SPECT）/X线计算机断层显像（CT）在131I去除治疗分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）后的临床应用.方法 对119例接受甲状腺全切或部分切除术后的DTC患者（其中男性22例,女性97例）,用131I去除残余甲状腺组织（简称去除治疗）5 ～7d后,行131I-SPECT配2.5mA X射线球管装置和131I全身扫描（131I-WBS显像）,所有结果均通过病理、其他影像检查（B超、CT）和临床随访一年,确定DTC转移灶397处.结果 119例病人经131 I-SPECT配2.5mA X射线球管装置融合显像检查发现DTC转移或复发灶377处,占95％ （377/397）,假阴性有9处,占2％（27/397）,假阳性病灶11处,占3％ （11/397）.131I-WBS显像检查发现DTC转移灶或复发灶324处,占82％（324/397）,假阴性有64处,占16％（64/397）,假阳性病灶9处,占2％（9/397）.从病灶检出数目看,差异具有统计学意义（t=-8.445,P＜0.0I）.结论 131 I-SPECT配2.5mA X射线球管装置显像在131I去除治疗后能够精确定位DTC复发和转移,准确鉴别病灶和生理显像或污染的影响,提高DTC术后病灶的检出率,明确病灶的具体部位及摄碘情况,有助于对DTC进行再分期,为患者的进一步治疗提供临床依据.     

SPECT/CT断层融合显像在分化型甲状腺癌转移灶诊断中的临床价值

目的 探讨131I-SPECT/CT断层融合显像技术在分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）转移灶定性、定位诊断中的临床价值.方法 选择69例确诊DTC患者,甲状腺全切或次全切术后,口服碘化钠（131I）治疗剂量3.70～7.40 GBq后5～7d,行全身平面显像（131 I-WBS）,随后在同一床位进行SPECT断层扫描和CT扫描,扫描结束后进行图像融合处理.检查结果与病理或其他影像学检查以及临床随访结果对比,分析确定DTC转移灶的定性、定位诊断,并做对比分析.结果 69例患者中,临床证实转移灶共计186处;平面显像170处、融合显像179处发现异常摄碘浓聚灶;其中平面显像有160处,融合显像有174处与病理、螺旋CT、MRl以及超声等检查结果一致,其诊断灵敏度分别为86％ （160/186）、93.5％ （174/186）,定性、定位准确性分别为81.6％ （160/196）、91.1％ （174/191）;两种方法的诊断灵敏度差异有统计学意义（x2=5.74,P＜0.05）,定性、定位准确性差异也有统计学意义（x2=7.33,P＜0.01）.结论 131I-SPECT/CT断层融合显像能够精准的定性、定位DTC的复发和转移,克服污染灶、组织重叠等因素的影响,较平面显像具有更高的灵敏度和准确性,用于DTC患者的临床分期、疗效和治疗方案的制定,具有重要的临床价值.     

核素显像联合血清Tg检测在甲状腺癌治疗后随访中的价值

目的探讨131I全身显像、甲状腺球蛋白检测、99Tcm-MIBI显像在分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)131I治疗后的随访价值。方法对260例DTC患者行甲状腺切除术并经131I清甲治疗后进行随访。DTC患者停用甲状腺素4周后检测甲状腺球蛋白(Tg),服用诊断剂量131I 185MBq(5mCi),于次日行131I全身显像(131I-WBS),分析Tg检测结果与131I-WBS的相关性;对Tg阳性而131I-WBS阴性的病人行99Tcm-MIBI显像,分析99Tcm-MIBI显像对于DTC患者的随访价值。结果 260例DTC患者中经过取样活检证实出现复发或转移者42例。其中Tg阳性患者40例,阴性2例,131I-WBS阳性患者36例,阴性患者6例;在40例Tg阳性患者中,131I-WBS阳性患者35例,其131I-WBS阳性检出率与复发或转移者的总阳性检出率没有统计学差异(P>0.05)。有5例Tg阳性而131I-WBS阴性的患者进一步做99Tcm-MIBI显像检查,有4例检出阳性病灶。结论 DTC患者清甲术后,Tg检测结果与131I-WBS结果有明显的相关性,无论何种检查出现异常,都提示体内存在肿瘤转移灶的可能性;当DTC患者清甲治疗后Tg阳性而131I-WBS阴性时,99Tcm-MIBI显像有助于转移灶的检出,是131I-WBS有益的补充。     

血清Tg检测联合131I-WBS在DTC术后的临床价值

目的 探讨分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）甲状腺清除术后血清甲状腺球蛋白（Tg）联合131I全身显像（131I-WBS）,为判定甲状腺癌的复发及转移提供参考依据.方法 56例DTC患者,甲状腺全切或次全切术后4～6周,均行131I清除残余甲状腺治疗,3～6个月后重复治疗,治疗前停用甲状腺激素3～6周,同时忌碘饮食,治疗中检测血清Tg和口服碘化钠（131I）治疗剂量3.70 ～ 7.40 GBq后5～7天行131I-WBS.结果 在首次清除残留甲状腺组织治疗时,显像发现淋巴结、肺及骨转移8例,其余转移灶于3～6个月后二次治疗时发现,有11例DTC患者（19.6％）Tg测定在正常范围,而131I-WBS出现转移灶;有7例患者（12.5％）Tg测定异常,而131 I-WBS正常.结论 Tg测定和131 I-WBS可作为诊断DTC术后复发及转移的重要指标,二者应联合应用、互相补充,具有重要的临床价值.     

甲状腺球蛋白测定与131I全身显像在甲状腺乳头癌复发监测中的意义

探讨甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)和131I全身显像(131I-WBS)在甲状腺乳头癌(PTC)复发监测中的意义. 30例PTC患者术后6周,行131I(3.7GBq)首次清除残留甲状腺组织治疗,6个月后再给予131I 治疗1次,治疗中同时测定Tg和进行131I-WBS.结果表明,在首次清除残留甲状腺组织治疗时,显像发现淋巴、肺及骨转移6例,其余转移灶于6个月治疗时发现,有3例患者(10%)Tg测定在正常范围,而131I-WBS出现转移灶,4例患者(13.3%)Tg测定异常,而131I-WBS正常.Tg测定和131I-WBS可作为诊断PTC有无转移的重要指标,二者监测复发应联合应用,可互相补充.     

血清Tg阳性/~(131)I全身扫描阴性的分化型甲状腺癌诊治进展

血清甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)水平检测和131I全身扫描(131I-WBS)是分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)随访时判断有无复发与转移的常用指标。多数情况下,DTC患者Tg水平和131I-WBS的结果是一致的。然而,少数患者131I-WBS显示为无功能性甲状腺组织残留,而血清Tg水平增高,131I-WBS不能检测到DTC情况的复发或转移灶。笔者就这类情况的发生以及如何有效监测和治疗患者方面的应用进展进行综述。     

131I和99mTc-MIBI全身显像联合血清Tg和CEA检测在分化型甲状腺癌131I治疗随访中的应用

目的:评价131I-WBS和99mTc-MIBI全身显像联合血清Tg和CEA检测在分化型甲状腺癌术后放射性131I治疗随访中的应用价值.方法:48例DTC患者均行手术治疗并经131I治疗后(3～6)个月随访复查131I-WBS和血清Tg和CEA测定,131I-WBS显像阴性者于治疗后1年行99mTc-MIBI全身显像....     

SPECT/CT显像对131I治疗分化型甲状腺癌患者的临床意义

目的 探讨131I治疗量SPECT/CT显像对分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)患者诊断和分期等的价值.方法 回顾性分析73例首次接受131I治疗的DTC术后患者,其中男16例,女57例,平均年龄45.7±14.4岁,131I治疗剂量平均为 122.88±34.54 mCi.口服131I后80~96h内完成131I全身显像(RxWBS)和颈胸部131I-SPECT/CT融合显像,分别对颈部、胸部和骨骼等部位进行图像判读并进行临床随访.结果 对于颈部,平面图像示可疑和明确甲状腺残留(残甲)分别为10例和37例,可疑和明确淋巴结转移(LNM)分别为19例和7例.根据131I-SPECT/CT融合图像,颈部明确残甲50例,可疑和明确LNM分别为2例和21例.对于胸部和骨骼等,平面图像示明确和可疑纵膈LNM分别为7例和2例,明确和可疑肺转移分别为8例和1例;131I-SPECT/CT融合图像仅见7例为明确纵膈LNM、9例明确肺转移;两种显像方法均示明确骨转移5例.131I-SPECT/CT融合图像共下调14例患者的临床分期,临床随访结果均为阴性.结论 131I-SPECT/CT融合显像与131I全身显像相比能提供额外有价值信息,有助于患者的诊断、临床分期和诊疗策略的正确制定.     

131I治疗老年分化型甲状腺癌淋巴结转移的疗效评价

目的 探讨131I治疗老年分化型甲状腺癌淋巴结转移（LMDTC）的疗效.方法 对33例老年分化型甲状腺癌术后合并淋巴结转移进行131I治疗,并采用B超、CT、131I显像及Tg变化综合判断疗效.结果 33例老年分化型LMDTC,131I治疗后有27例淋巴结消除或缩小,有效率为81.8％（27/33）.结论 131I治疗老年分化型甲状腺癌淋巴结转移有较好的疗效.     

99TcmO4-静态显像在分化型甲状腺癌发现转移病变中的价值

目的 评价99TcmO4-甲状腺静态显像在分化型甲状腺癌术后患者中发现转移病变的价值.方法 480例分化型甲状腺癌术后患者131I治疗前行99TcmO4-甲状腺静态显像评估残余甲状腺大小,治疗后行131I全身显像比较分析,必要时SPECT/CT融合显像,两位核医学医师盲法阅片,评价及比较病变情况.结果 99TcmO4-甲状腺静态显像、治疗剂量131I全身显像的阳性率分别为83.75％、98.5％.99TcmO4-甲状腺静态显像灵敏度84.9％.99TcmO4-静态显像与131I全身显像符合率为83.75％.10例患者99TcmO4-甲状腺静态显像发现转移病变,改变原计划治疗剂量及方案.结论 99TcmO4-甲状腺静态显像作为甲状腺癌术后残余甲状腺评估方法,能够提前发现部分转移病变,对于指导治疗剂量的制定具有一定意义.     

DTC术后131I清甲治疗患者血清Tg及TgAb变化及其与病灶检出相关性分析

目的 探讨分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)患者在术后接受131I治疗后,血清甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TgAb)的变化及其与131I全身显像(Dx-WBS)结果的相关性,从而为DTC复发、转移的诊断提供依据.方法 入选我院DTC患者83例,均在行甲状腺全切或次全切手术4～6周后,给予131I治疗,半年后TSH刺激状态下(停用甲状腺素片并低碘饮食3周),检测血清Tg及TgAb,并对甲功各项指标进行复查,同时行131I全身显像检查.结果 TgAb阳性率随着Tg水平的变化而发生改变,对血清Tg的检出存在一定干扰性,将Tg与Dx-WBS二者联合进行判断,DTC复发及转移诊断准确率可达95％.结论 DTC术后131I清甲治疗半年后,Tg检测的准确性相对较高,但受TgAb干扰,存在假阴性,应与Dx-WBS进行联合作为DTC复发及转移的重要诊断指标.     

SPECT/CT 双时相99mTc- MIBI断层显像 在乳腺癌诊断中的应用

目的 探讨SPECT/CT双时相 99mTc-MIBI断层显像在乳腺癌临床中的诊断价值。 方法 选取2015 年 1 月~2017 年 5月广西柳州市中医院胸外科收治的女性乳腺疾病患者 98 例进行了术前两种检查方法的诊断,并将诊断结果记录,与术后的病理结果进行比对。结果 SPECT/CT双时相 99mTc-MIBI断层显像的敏感性94.80%、特异性90.00%、准确性93.90%,高于钼靶 X 线检查的敏感性82.10%、特异性60.00%、准确性77.60%,SPECT/CT双时相 99mTc-MIBI断层显像和钼靶 X 线检查对腋窝淋巴结转移灶的检出率分别为84.30%和59.40%,两种检查方法对乳腺癌的诊断比较均有统计学差异（P＜0.05）。 结论 99mTc- MIBI双时相断层显像对乳腺癌的诊断效能优于钼靶X线检查,有较高的实用价值。     

18F-FDG-PET in the follow-up of thyroid cancer

Differentiated thyroid cancer is a rare tumour with an incidence of 4 - 9/100,000/year. For preoperative assessment of thyroid nodules, ultrasonography (US) and US-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy are the methods of choice to detect thyroid cancer. The value of preoperative fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) in differentiating malignant from benign nodules, especially in cases of follicular proliferation, has not yet been evaluated. After thyroidectomy and radioiodine remnant ablation, several methods are used to follow patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, including serum thyroglobulin, ultrasonography of the neck, iodine-131 (131I) whole body scintigraphy (WBS) and scintigraphy with nonspecific tracers such as technetium-99 m ((99m)Tc) Tetrofosmin or Sestamibi. Whereas the specificity of 131I-WBS is high, sensitivity is low, especially if one takes into account that only two-thirds of recurrences or metastases store iodine. With the introduction of 18F-FDG in oncology, it is also used for the detection of local recurrences and metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer. Elevated thyroglobulin but negative 131I-WBS belongs to the 1a indications for 18F-FDG-PET in oncology according to the German Consensus Conference 2000. The sensitivity for detecting 131I-negative metastases with 18F-FDG-PET can be increased by elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) after withdrawal of thyroid hormone therapy or after intramuscular injection of recombinant TSH. Most of the 131I-negative metastases demonstrate 18F-FDG uptake, which represents rapid tumour growth and poor differentiation, whereas most of the 131I-positive metastases are 18F-FDG negative. The combination of 131I-WBS and 18F-FDG-PET leads to an increase in the detection rate to more than 90 - 95 % in cases of elevated thyroglobulin, because well- and less-differentiated cancer cells may be present in one patient. In rare cases, a recurrent tumour or metastasis may accumulate 131I as well as 18F-FDG. In these patients, it may be possible that well- and less-differentiated cells are present in one metastasis. The early use of 18F-FDG-PET in patients with elevated thyroglobulin, especially in the case of negative 131I-WBS, changes the therapeutic strategy in up to half of the patients (surgery, external radiation).     

Effectiveness of [(124)I]-PET/CT and [(18)F]-FDG-PET/CT for Localizing Recurrence in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma

Although the prognosis of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is generally encouraging, a diagnostic dilemma is posed when an increasing level of serum thyroglobulin (Tg) is noted, without detection of a recurrent tumor using conventional imaging tools such as the iodine-131 whole-body scanning (the [(131)I] scan) or neck ultrasonography (US). The objective of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of [(124)I]-PET/CT and [(18)F]-FDG-PET/CT in terms of accurate detection of both iodine- and non-iodine-avid recurrence, compared with that of conventional imaging such as the [(131)I] scan or neck ultrasonography (US). Between July 2009 and June 2010, we prospectively studied 19 DTC patients with elevated thyroglobulin levels but who do not show pathological lesions when conventional imaging modalities are used. All involved patients had undergone total thyroidectomy and radioiodine (RI) treatment, and who had been followed-up for a mean of 13 months (range, 6-21 months) after the last RI session. Combined [(18)F]-FDG-PET/CT and [(124)I]-PET/CT data were evaluated for detecting recurrent DTC lesions in study patients and compared with those of other radiological and/or cytological investigations. Nine of 19 patients (47.4%) showed pathological [(18)F]-FDG (5/19, 26.3%) or [(124)I]-PET (4/19, 21.1%) uptake, and were classed as true-positives. Among such patients, disease management was modified in six (66.7%) and disease was restaged in seven (77.8%). In particular, the use of the described imaging combination optimized planning of surgical resection to deal with locoregional recurrence in 21.1% (4/19) of patients, who were shown to be disease-free during follow-up after surgery. Our results indicate that combination of [(18)F]-FDG-PET/CT and [(124)I]-PET/CT affords a valuable diagnostic method that can be used to make therapeutic decisions in patients with DTC who are tumor-free on conventional imaging studies but who have high Tg levels.