肝细胞癌基因治疗的体外实验研究

目的 :构建一种对肝细胞癌有直接、间接治疗作用的重组腺病毒。方法 :用PCR方法扩增CD基因和glyES基因片段 ,插入腺病毒穿梭质粒。用细菌内同源重组方法与腺病毒骨架质粒重组构建出重组腺病毒质粒。经脂质体介导转染293包装细胞扩增获取重组腺病毒rAd CDglyES。用MTT法检测其对肝癌细胞株 (SMMC -7721)的生长抑制率及其表达产物对经ECGF处理的脐静脉血管内皮细胞 (ECV -304)增殖的影响。结果 :纯化的重组腺病毒滴度为1×1013 3TCID50/L ,对SMMC 7721的生长抑制率达 (82 1±8 3) % ,与对照组 (24 6±14 1) %比较有显著性差异 (P<0 01)。浓缩的转染了该重组腺病毒的细胞培养上清液对ECV 304细胞增殖的抑制率为(78 7±1 8) % ,而同样浓缩的转染了对照重组腺病毒rAd CD的细胞培养上清液的抑制率仅为 (24 2±9 7) % ,两者亦有显著性差异 (P<0 01)。结论 :rAd CDglyES在体外对肝癌细胞具有直接和间接抑瘤作用     

HCV Core基因真核表达载体构建及其对HeLa细胞自噬的影响

目的 构建丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）核心蛋白（Core）真核表达载体,并研究其对人宫颈癌 HeLa细胞自噬功能的影响。方法 以 HCV复制子质粒 pJFH1为模板,PCR法扩增 HCV Core 基因片段,经纯化回收后与 PLVX-IRESZsGreen1载体用同源重组法相连,构建 PLVX-IRES-ZsGreen1-Core重组质粒,并经测序验证其序列的正确性。转染宫颈癌 HeLa细胞,并设 PLVX-IRES-ZsGreen1-Core重组质粒转染组、PLVX-IRES-ZsGreen1空载体转染对照组以及未转染质粒空白对照组,通过免疫印迹法验证 HCV Core蛋白在 HeLa细胞中的表达,并用免疫荧光（IF）和免疫印迹检测自噬生物标记物微管相关蛋白 1轻链 3（LC3）的表达水平。结果 获得 PLVX-IRES-ZsGreen1-Core重组质粒,测序结果表明构建的重组质粒序列完全正确,HCV Core重组蛋白可在 HeLa细胞中有效表达;免疫荧光和免疫印迹结果表明,HCV Core过表达细胞 LC3焦点和 LC3 Ⅱ蛋白表达水平明显增多,PLVX-IRES-ZsGreen1-Core重组质粒转染组的细胞 LC3 Ⅱ水平（1.069±0.049）高于 PLVX-IRES-ZsGreen1空载体转染对照组（0.776±0.047）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 成功构建了 PLVX-IRES-ZsGreen1-Core 重组质粒,HCV Core 蛋白过表达可诱导 HeLa 细胞自噬。     

SLPI基因真核表达质粒的构建和鉴定

目的构建并鉴定含分泌型白细胞蛋白酶抑制蛋白(SLPI)基因的重组真核表达质粒。方法以HeLa细胞的总RNA为模板,用RT-PCR方法扩增出SLPI基因cDNA,将产物克隆进真核载体pcDNA3.1(+)内,构建含SLPI基因的重组真核表达质粒。将pcDNA-SLPI重组质粒和空载体pcDNA分别转染HeLa细胞,Western blot检测SLPI蛋白表达。结果核酸序列分析及双酶切鉴定SLPI已成功插入pcDNA3.1(+)载体中,转染pcDNA-SLPI的HeLa细胞中检测到高表达的SLPI蛋白。结论成功构建了含SLPI基因的重组真核表达质粒。     

Construction and identification of eukaryotic expression plasmids containing SLPI gene

目的 构建并鉴定含分泌型白细胞蛋白酶抑制蛋白(SLPI)基因的重组真核表达质粒.方法 以HeLa细胞的总RNA为模板,用RT-PCR方法扩增出SLPI基因cDNA,将产物克隆进真核载体pcDNA3.1(+)内,构建含SLPI基因的重组真核表达质粒.将pcDNA-SLPI重组质粒和空载体peDNA分别转染HeLa细胞,Western blot检测SLPI蛋白表达.结果 核酸序列分析及双酶切鉴定SLPI已成功插入pcDNA3.1(+)载体中,转染pcDNA-SLPI的HeLa细胞中检测到高表达的SLPI蛋白.结论 成功构建了含SLPI基因的重组真核表达质粒.     

组织型纤溶酶原激活物重组腺病毒载体的构建及其转染ECV304细胞后对血管内皮细胞生长因子表达的影响

目的 评估外源性组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)对ECV304细胞中血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)表达的影响.方法 应用细菌内同源重组技术快速构建Adt-PA腺病毒重组质粒,转染不同病毒滴度Adt-PA至ECV304细胞,转染比率(MOI)分别为1∶10、1∶50、1∶100,选取合适MOI值;病毒转染后检测ECV304细胞内t-PA蛋白的表达.然后将培养的ECV304细胞分为二组,在培养液中加入Adt-PA混合培养24 h和48 h分别作为实验组1和实验组2,加入空病毒Ad混合培养48 h作为对照组,比较各组细胞中VEGF mRNA的转录和蛋白表达水平.结果 成功构建了重组腺病毒Adt-PA.当MOI为1∶50时,细胞转染效率为(69.6±21.2)%,且对ECV304细胞增殖具有一定的促进作用;Adt-PA转染ECV304细胞后在72 h内随着时间的延长其蛋白表达量逐渐升高(P<0.01);细胞内VEGFmRNA的转录水平和蛋白表达量在实验组1和2中较对照组均有明显升高(P<0.01).结论 构建的t-PA腺病毒表达载体可有效感染ECV304细胞并可显著增加其VEGF的表达水平.     

脂质体介导的肝细胞生长因子基因在脐静脉内皮细胞中的表达与鉴定

目的构建含肝细胞生长因子(HGF)基因真核表达载体pEGFP-N1-HGF,观察HGF基因在人脐静脉内皮细胞中的表达。方法由重组质粒pRc/CMV-HGF中扩增出HGF基因,将其克隆到含增强型绿色荧光蛋白的真核表达载体pEGFP-N1中,应用脂质体将重组质粒pEGFP-N1-HGF转染到人脐静脉细胞株ECV304中,G418筛选获得稳定表达克隆,采用荧光显微镜观察、反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)、免疫细胞化学方法鉴定。结果经G418筛选后可形成抗性细胞克隆;荧光显微镜下观察到有绿色荧光;RT-PCR能扩增出HGFmRNA预期的699bp片段;免疫细胞化学证实转染HGF基因的细胞有HGF蛋白的表达。结论重组质粒pEGFP-N1-HGF能够在细胞株ECV304转录、表达。     

重组真核质粒pERFP-C1-hTudor-SN-SN(1～4)的构建和表达

目的:将人类Tudor-SN蛋白SN(1～4)基因片段分别定向连入pERFP-C1质粒,使Tudor-SN蛋白SN各功能片段与红色荧光蛋白在HeLa细胞内融合表达。方法:以重组质粒pSG5-Tudor-SN-flag为模板,PCR法扩增出目的基因,利用EcoRⅠ和BamHⅠ双酶切法将目的片段连接到pERFP-C1载体上,再将构建成功的pERFP-C1-Tudor-SN-SN(1～4)重组质粒转染入HeLa细胞内,在荧光显微镜下观察红色荧光蛋白的表达。结果:以单/双酶切及基因测序法鉴定构建的重组质粒均无误,荧光显微镜下观察到红色融合蛋白的表达。结论:重组pERFP-C1-h Tudor-SN-SN(1～4)质粒构建及表达成功。     

cyclin G2荧光蛋白重组质粒的构建及其对宫颈癌HeLa细胞的作用

目的 构建包含人cyclin G2基因的荧光蛋白重组质粒,探讨cyclin G2对宫颈癌HeLa细胞凋亡的影响.方法 运用RT-PCR和基因克隆技术构建pDsRed2-Cyclin G2重组质拉;脂质体法转染重组质粒至HeLa细胞中,荧光显微镜下观察其蛋白的表达和定位;流式细胞术检测HeLa细胞的凋亡率.结果 成功地构...     

诱导型一氧化氮合酶反义RNA重组腙相关病毒载体的构建

目的应用分子克隆技术构建携带诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)反义基因片断的重组腺病毒载体(rAAV-AsiNOS)。方法应用RT-PCR技术扩增iNOS目的基因片断,EcoRⅠ和XbaⅠ内切酶分别双酶切pAAV-MCS质粒和iNOS基因,经过胶回收和纯化后,住T4连接酶作用下,构建rAAV-AsiNOS重组质粒,并转化到感受态细菌XL-10中,进行鉴定和测序,293细胞病毒包装,重组腺相关病毒载体大量扩增,滴度和感染率的测定以及浓缩和纯化。结果从SD大鼠脑缺血区域中扩增的iNOS特异性片段大小分别为361bp;经双酶切和连接成重组质粒rAAV-AsiNOS;PCR鉴定结果显示重组质粒rAAV-AsnNOS目的基因产物特异性片段大小为593bp;基因测序结果显示iNOS基因片段分别反向克隆到pAAV的MCS,成功地构建携带反义iNOS基因的重组质粒rAAV-AsiNOS;经测算病毒原液的滴度为(6～12)×107个/ml,对PC12细胞的感染率约为70%;分离浓缩和纯化重组腺相关病毒载体,获得较高的病毒滴度,均约2×1010个病毒颗粒/ml,去除腺病毒等影响因素。结论成功构建携带iNOS反义基因的腺相关病毒载体,测序证实iNOS基因片断分别反向克隆到的腺相关病毒载体上;证实重组腺相关载体能够传染PC12细胞,转染率为70%。     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg.kg) or i.p. (50 mg.kg) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) l.h. kg in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) l.h. kg in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg x kg(-1)) or i.p. (50 mg x kg(-1)) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was approximately 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p < 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p < 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 +/- 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 +/- 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Theophylline kinetics in peripheral tissues in vivo in humans

Several biochemical and cellular effects have been described for methylxanthines under in vitro conditions. However, it is unknown, whether threshold concentrations required to exert these effects are attained in target tissues in vivo. We therefore employed the microdialysis technique for measuring theophylline concentrations in peripheral tissues under in vivo conditions.Following in vitro and in vivo calibration, microdialysis probes were inserted into the medial vastus muscle and into the periumbilical subcutaneous adipose layer of healthy volunteers. Following single oral dose administration of 300 mg or i.v. infusion of 240 mg theophylline, in vivo time courses of theophylline concentrations were monitored in tissues and plasma. Major pharmacokinetic parameters (c_max, t_max, AUC) were calculated for plasma and tissue time courses. The mean AUC_tissue /AUC_plasma-ratio was 0.56 (p.o.) and 0.55 (i.v.) for muscle and 0.55 (p.o.) and 0.72 (i.v.) for subcutaneous adipose tissue.We conclude that microdialysis provides important information on the distribution and the tissue pharmacokinetics of theophylline.Abbreviations FPIA Fluorescence polarisation immuno assay - AUC Area under the curve - t_max Time to peak concentration - c_max Peak concentration     

休克时血中氧自由基的变化

本实验测定10名休克患者血浆和红细胞的丙二醛(MDA)、血浆总抗的氧化活性(AOA)的含量。结果表明:休克病人红细胞膜和血浆 MDA 含量(4.298±0.722;5.348±0.834)与对照组(3.235±0.682;4.356±1.081)比较明显增高(P<0.05);血浆 AOA(39.65±7.858)与对照组(48.21±10.81)比较明显降低(P<0.01)。提示:休克时,患者机体内自由基反应增强是引起组织细胞损伤的原因之一。     

Interindividual variability in metabolic activation in humans in vivo

In assessing interindividual variability in metabolic activation, the toxic metabolite is often too unstable for conventional analysis. Possible alternatives include a stable product of the reactive metabolite e.g. cysteinyl derivatives of N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, adducts with DNA or protein, and indirect measurement of the activity of the enzyme(s) producing the active metabolite. An example of the last approach is the use of furafylline, a highly specific inhibitor of human CYP1A2, to determine the extent of the metabolic activation of the cooked food mutagens PhIP and MeIQx. The extent of inhibition, determined from levels of unchanged amine in urine, is an indirect measure of the activity of the activation pathway. Further refinement of this approach, allied to improved measures of the biological process of interest should prove of value in evaluating interindividual variability and its role in the risk assessment process.     

Changes in angiopoietin expression in glomeruli involved in glomerulosclerosis in rats with daunorubicin-induced nephrosis

AIM: To study the potential pathological role of endogenous angiopoietins in daunorubicin-induced progressive glomerulosclerosis in rats. METHODS: Seventy male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into a daunorubicin group (DRB; n=40) or a control group (n=30). The rats in the DRB group were injected with DRB (15 mg/kg), in their tails. Subsequently, at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks, 5 male Wistar rats in each group were chosen randomly for 24 h urinary protein quantitative measurements (24 h UPQM), and determination of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) levels. Kidney sections were examined by electron microscopy, Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization histochemistry. RESULTS: As glomerulosclerosis progressed in the DRB group, expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli decreased and expression of TNF-alpha protein, Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli increased. Expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were negatively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression, and mean area of extracellular matrix (MAECM). In comparison, expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were positively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression and MAECM; furthermore, there was a positive correlation between plasma Ang2 and 24 h UPQM. Plasma TNF-alpha and expression of TNF-alpha in glomeruli were positively correlated with expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli. There was a negative correlation between Ang1 protein expression and Ang2 protein expression in glomeruli. CONCLUSION: During DRB-induced glomerulosclerosis, podocyte injury led to a shift in the balance of Ang1 and Ang2 in glomeruli. Increased TNF-alpha in plasma and glomeruli may upregulate Ang2 expression in glomeruli. Elevated Ang2 in both plasma and glomeruli may mediate protein permeability through the glomerular filtration barrier. Moreover, local expression of Ang2 may facilitate the progress of glomerulosclerosis by upregulating a component expression of extracellular matrix.     

Hyperkalaemia in patients in hospital

A survey of all laboratory blood specimens with a plasma potassium concentration greater than or equal to 5.5 mmol/L was conducted over a three month period. Of 331 specimens with hyperkalaemia, 71 were excluded because the specimens was haemolysed, old or contaminated. The laboratory served a population of 348,561 and during this time measured the plasma potassium on 25,016 occasions. Sixty-six outpatients and 20 neonates were not evaluated. The survey was undertaken on 86 of 102 inpatients (46 males), 48 of whom were over 66 years of age. Fifty-seven patients were admitted under a medical service and 29 under a surgical service. Fifty-nine had a single episode of hyperkalaemia. Thirty-two underwent a surgical procedure. The commonest contributing factor was impaired renal function which was present in 71 (83%) patients. Although a definitive causative role for drugs could be identified in only five patients, in 52 (60%) patients drugs were a contributing factor (potassium supplements 24, ACE inhibitors 16, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs 12). Thirty-five of the 86 (41%) patients died during their hospital admission. Nineteen of the 35 deaths occurred within three days of the hyperkalaemia being recorded. A normal plasma potassium was eventually documented in 50 of the 86 patients. Of the remaining 36 patients, 25 (69%) subsequently died. In general the treatment of patients with hyperkalaemia focused on identifying and treating the underlying cause. Hyperkalaemia must always be considered seriously and regard given to the overall clinical status of the patient, with particular attention to drug therapy, renal and cardiac function, acid base status and the possibility of sepsis.