鳖内脏提取物组成成分的研究

Ｆｏｌｃｈ’ｓ法和水地分离提取鳖内脏提取物,用ＧＣ法,Ｆｏｌｉｎ酚法,ＨＰ－１０５０高效液相色谱仪,二苯胺法,原子吸收分光光度法分别对脂肪酸、蛋白质、氨基酸、ＤＮＡ、微量元素进行了分析和测定,结果表明,鳖同脏提取物中含有的多不饱和脂肪酸达１７．５５％,蛋白质含量为４６．５％,精氨酸含量高,必需氨基酸组成合理,同时含有锌、铁、锰、铜、镁等微量元素,表明内脏提取物有较高的药用价值和营养价值。     

马粪海胆生殖腺营养成分的含量测定

目的通过对采自黄海海域的马粪海胆生殖腺的营养成分分析,为马粪海胆资源的开发利用提供理论依据。方法水分、灰分、蛋白质均采用国标测定;总糖采用苯酚-硫酸法测定;粗脂肪采用索式提取法测定;脂肪酸采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定;无机元素采用原子吸收法测定。结果马粪海胆生殖腺水分含量64.20%,灰分含量12.70%,粗脂肪含量2.34%,蛋白质含量12.25%,总糖含量5.59%。脂肪酸成分中花生四烯酸和EPA含量较高。无机元素中Ca、Mg、Fe等营养元素含量较高。结论马粪海胆生殖腺的营养成分含量丰富,具有较好的开发利用价值。     

研磨法与仿生法制备玉米花粉中营养成分的比较

目的分析和评价传统工艺研磨法与仿生法提取玉米花粉的营养成分。方法用研磨法与仿生法提取玉米花粉营养物质,用常规方法分别测定制备的玉米花粉中的蛋白质、氨基酸和维生素。结果仿生法制备玉米花粉的总氨基酸量达到213.4g/kg,高于研磨法(157.4g/kg)。仿生法制备的玉米花粉蛋白质总量为245.3g/kg,而研磨法制得的玉米花粉蛋白质总量为146.0g/kg。仿生法制备玉米花粉的蛋白质总量高于研磨法。仿生法提取的维生素A、B、C、E的量也高于研磨法。结论仿生法在提取玉米花粉营养成分上明显优于研磨法。     

一枝黄花的提取工艺优选及质量控制

目的筛选一枝黄花中有效成分芦丁提取工艺的最优条件及对芦丁进行含量测定。方法采用正交试验法,以提取时间、提取次数、甲醇质量分数为考察因素,以芦丁含量为指标,对提取条件进行优选。采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法对芦丁含量进行测定。结果最佳提取工艺为提取时间30min,提取次数3次,甲醇质量分数70％。含量测定以乙腈-甲醇-0．4％醋酸溶液（16：8：76）为流动相,流速为1．0mL／min,检测波长为360nm,线性范围为0．6876～1．6044μg（r=0．9995）,平均回收率为99．27％,RSD为0．69％（n=6）。结论优选的工艺可行,具有操作性。用HPLC法测定含量简便、灵敏、准确。     

刺梨中微量元素和总黄酮的含量测定

目的：测定刺梨中微量元素和总黄酮的含量。方法：采用原子吸收光谱法测定微量元素并用正交设计法筛选出最佳提取工艺，以分光光度法测定总黄酮。结果：刺梨中含有所测的10种微量元素Zn，Mn，Cu，Co，Ni，Cr，Sr，Fe，Li，Rb以及总黄酮约为0．847％(n=3)。结论：刺梨可以作为一种药食两用的植物资源，有待于进一步开发和利用。     

用HPLC法和氨基酸分析仪测定多维氨基酸片中18种氨基酸

目的：RP-HPLC法和氨基酸分析仪（amino acid analyzer，AAA）法测定氨基酸含量的比较。方法：采用Agilent高效液相色谱系统和日立835-50氨基酸分析仪测定多维氨基酸片中18种氨基酸的含量。RP-HPLC法采用C18柱和邻苯二甲醛柱前衍生化进行，AAA法采用离子交换色谱柱和茚三酮柱后衍生化进行。结果：HPLC法和AAA法的变异系数分别〈1．5％和3％，最小检测量分别为3pmol和30pmol。HPLC法的测定值与AAA的测定值有相关性。两种测定方法的平均相对偏差为5．74％（0．24％～9．60％）。结论：两种方法都可用于测定氨基酸，但测定结果存在差异。     

新会陈皮化学成分的综合分析测定研究

目的：建立HPLC法同时测定新会陈皮中橙皮苷、川陈皮素、3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-七甲氧基黄酮、橘皮素、5-羟基-6,7,8,3',4'-五甲氧基黄酮、辛弗林、柠檬苦素和没食子酸的含量,并结合UV法测定其总黄酮、多甲氧基黄酮和总酚酸的含量。方法：超声法提取,利用HPLC法,采用DIKMA Diamonsil C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,使用A相（磷酸水,pH 3.7）-B相（甲醇∶乙腈=1∶1）为流动相进行梯度洗脱,分别测定新会陈皮中8种成分的含量;利用UV法测定总黄酮（283 nm）、多甲氧基黄酮（330 nm）和总酚酸（765 nm）的含量。结果：HPLC法测定结果显示黄酮类成分中以橙皮苷、川陈皮素、橘皮素含量较高,此外,辛弗林、没食子酸和柠檬苦素的含量分别为0.278 6%、0.000 6%和0.099 8%;UV法测定结果显示总黄酮、多甲氧基黄酮及总酚酸的含量分别为5.213 7%、1.242 4%和2.112 1%。结论：该法简便易行,可为新会陈皮质量的有效控制和开发应用提供科学依据。     

龙陵产紫皮石斛不同加工方式有效成分比较分析

目的 测定市售云南龙陵紫皮石斛枫斗和切片中多糖、甘露糖及总黄酮的含量.方法 采用硫酸-苯酚法测定多糖含量,柱前衍生化HPLC法测定甘露糖含量,紫外分光光度法测定总黄酮含量.结果 紫皮石斛枫斗多糖含量48.06％,甘露糖含量50.08％,总黄酮含量0.50％,;斜片多糖含量39.48％,甘露糖含量53.02％,总黄酮含量...     

鲨鱼软骨的氨基酸分析

用835－50型氨基酸自动分析仪测定了鲨鱼软骨粉中17种氨基酸的含量，其总含量高达30％左右。同时用凯氏定氮法测定了鲨鱼软骨粉中总氮含量，按一般方法计算出来的蛋白质含量竞高达50％以上。这提示．鲨鱼软骨中除含蛋白质和多肽之外，尚含相当量其它含氮化合物。     

三磷酸腺苷二钠HPLC检测的影响因素探讨

用HPLC法检测三磷酸腺苷二钠（ATP）含量时,因成品中的二磷酸腺苷二钠（ADP）及蛋白质在259nm附近都有紫外吸收，因此ADP和蛋白质对含量测定有一定的影响。经试验对上述两种因素的影响进行了初步探讨。结显示当ADP的峰面积小于5％，蛋白质杂志峰总面积小于1％时，对HPLC法测定ATP含量无影响。     

Screening for in vitro antioxidant properties and fatty acid profiles of five Centaurea L. species from Turkey flora

Centaurea species are used for the treatment of various ailments in the popular medicine in some countries. This study was designed to examine antioxidant potentials and fatty acid profiles of five Centaurea species from Turkey flora. Antioxidant properties of methanolic extracts from these species were evaluated by six different methods: phosphomolybdenum assay, free radical scavenging assay, β-carotene/linoleic acid test system, metal chelating activity, ferric and cupric reducing power. Total phenolic and flavonoid concentrations of each extract were also determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and aluminum chloride. The results of these assay showed a significant antioxidant capacity in all researched extracts. Centaurea cheirolopha extract, with the highest amount of total phenolic and flavonoids, showed the highest antioxidant activities in all assay, except for metal chelating. Fatty acid profiles of these species were examined by GC–FID and 30 fatty acids were identified. Palmitic, linoleic, oleic, and linolenic acid were detected as the main components. The results of the study indicated that the Centaurea species can be considered as a source of new natural antioxidants and unsaturated fatty acids for food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.     

山西安泽青翘中总蛋白质氨基酸和微量元素分析

目的测定山西安泽青翘的总蛋白质、氨基酸、微量元素含量,对其营养价值进行评价,为综合开发利用青翘资源提供依据。方法采用凯氏定氮法测定总蛋白质,氨基酸自动分析仪测定氨基酸组分,原子吸收法测定钙(Ca),铁(Fe),锌(Zn),铜(Cu),铅(Pb)。结果测得青翘总蛋白含量为6.87%,青翘含有17种氨基酸,氨基酸总量为6.54%,其中人体必需氨基酸总量为2.57%,占总氨基酸的39.20%。青翘含有Ca,Fe,Zn,Cu微量元素,其中Ca为2380μg/g,Fe为188μg/g,Pb未检出。结论山西安泽青翘含有较丰富的蛋白质、多种氨基酸和微量元素,为具有营养价值的保健及药用原料,具有良好的开发利用前景。     

海燕Asterina pectinifera生殖腺营养成分的研究

对黄海产海燕生殖腺进行了营养成分分析。结果如下：海燕生殖腺蛋白质含量为43.25％，脂肪含量为14.22％，还原糖含量为3.48％，总糖含量为18.60％。并进一步对氨基酸、不饱和脂肪酸作了定性定量分析，其中总氨基酸中必需氨基酸含量为36.24％，半必需氨基酸含量为10.46％，其它氨基酸含量为53.30％；高不饱和脂肪酸含量丰富，其中二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）分别占总不饱和脂肪酸的22.39％和0.30％，EPA含量显著。     

红毛菜的氨基酸和脂肪酸分析

分析了红毛菜中氨基酸和脂肪酸的组成与含量，结果表明，红毛菜氨基酸含量为40．27％，必需氨基酸含量为20．30％，且组成十分均衡，游离氨基酸含量为4992．68ug.g^-1干品，其中大部分是呈味氨基酸和牛磺酸，不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的83．98％，EPA占51．739％，因此红毛菜是一种味道鲜美，营养丰富的天然保健食品。     

山羊角提取物中氨基酸的种类研究与含量测定

目的研究山羊角提取物中氨基酸的种类和含量,为建立山羊角提取物质量控制提供依据。方法采用分子排阻色谱法检测山羊角提取物中物质的分子量范围。利用稳定同位素iTRAQ标记/液质联用法对山羊角提取物进行42种全谱氨基酸检测。结果山羊角提取物中物质的分子量范围在50³89 Da。090903批、090904批、091001批山羊角提取物中分别包含34种氨基酸(蛋白质氨基酸19种、非蛋白氨基酸15种),31种氨基酸(蛋白质氨基酸19种、非蛋白氨基酸12种)、33种氨基酸(蛋白质氨基酸19种、非蛋白氨基酸14种),山羊角提取物中未检出多肽及大分子物质。天门冬氨酸及谷氨酸加热易破坏,故在提取物制备过程中应严格控制干燥时间和温度。结论本研究建立了快速、稳定检测山羊角提取物中42种全谱氨基酸种类及含量的方法,为建立山羊角提取物质量检测标准提供参考依据。     

黄芩中金属元素与总黄酮的含量测定

目的:测定黄芩中金属元素与总黄酮的含量,研究黄芩中微量元素的作用及其与治疗脑血管疾病的关系。方法:用原子吸收分光光度法测定黄芩中宏量元素钠、钙、镁、钾和微量元素铁、锰、铜、锌的含量,并采用醇提法提取黄芩中总黄酮,用紫外分光光度法测定总黄酮的含量。结果:黄芩中含有丰富的金属元素和黄酮类化合物。结论:本测定结果为临床合理应用黄芩清除自由基、预防和治疗脑血管疾病提供了科学依据,也为大力开发、利用黄芩提供了数据。     

不同产地蚕蛹的营养成分研究

目的研究不同产地蚕蛹的油脂、总氮含量及水解后的氨基酸的高低来确定不同蚕蛹质量的优劣。方法对不同产地蚕蛹的总氮、氨基酸含量的分析广东蚕蛹水解氨基酸得率最高,总氮含量最高,湖北蚕蛹得率最低,总氮含量最低。结论浙江海宁、广东产的蚕蛹质较优,最适合用来生产复合氨基酸。浙江湖州产的蚕蛹次之,湖北产的较差。     

Effects of progesterone metabolites on fatty acids of the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum membranes

The effect of 2 selected progesterone metabolites on the phospholipid fatty acid composition of the liver and microsomal function was studied in the female rat. 16α-Hydroxyprogesterone significantly increased microsomal phospholipid content and the total amount of fatty acids esterified to phospholipids parallel with aminopyrine N-demethylase activity. Phospholipid changes were attributable to phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were enhanced. In contrast, 5β-pregnane-3α-ol-20-one caused a reduction of microsomal phospholipids, phosphatidycholine, together with decreased aminopyrine N-demethylase activity and total microsomal fatty acid content. Pregnanolone decreased both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and its action on unsaturated acyl components was greater than on the saturated ones. Changes in fatty acids were manifested in palmitic, stearic and lignoceric acids among saturated fatty acids and in palmitoleic, oleic, linoleic, eicosaenoic, eicosadienoic, eicosatrienoic, arachidonic, eicosapentenoic, docosatrienoic, docosapentenoic and docosahexenoic acids among unsaturated ones. Total liver phospholipids were unaltered by either 16α-hydroxyprogesterone or 5β-pregnane-3α-ol-20-one. These test compounds, however, modified total hepatic fatty acid content. 16α-Hydroxyprogesterone increased total fatty acids and both saturated and unsaturated acyl components, whereas 5β-pregnane-3α-ol-20-one decreased these parameters. Major changes were manifested in saturated fatty acids such as stearic, arachidic and lignoceric acids, and in unsaturated ones such as palmitoleic, linoleic, eicosatrienoic and docosapentenoic acids. The action of these compounds on phospholipid fatty acids of hepatic microsomes may be causally related to their effect on drug-metabolizing activity of the endoplasmic reticulum.     

颜氏大疣蛛中挥发油、氨基酸及微量元素分析

目的 分析鉴定颜氏大疣蛛中的化学成分并测定含量。方法 采用水蒸气蒸馏法和索氏提取法提取挥发油，并用GC-MS进行分析鉴定；全自动氨基酸分析仪测定水解后氨基酸的含量；ICP-MS测定微量元素的含量。结果 水蒸气蒸馏法提取的挥发油共鉴定出22个化合物，索氏提取法18个化合物，共有化合物7个，其中油酸乙酯、亚油酸乙酯、十八酸乙酯含量较高；颜氏大疣蛛中含有16种氨基酸，包括7种人体必需氨基酸，氨基酸总量为10.53%，谷氨酸和精氨酸含量较高；富含11种人体必需微量元素，其中Zn、Fe、Mn含量较高，重金属元素As和Pb的含量符合限度要求，Cd和Cu的含量超出限度要求。结论 经鉴定2种方法提取的挥发油含量和成分具有一定的差异，其中一些成分具有一定的药用功效，此外，颜氏大疣蛛中还含有多种人体必需的氨基酸和微量元素。     

Interactions of gut microbiota with functional food components and nutraceuticals

The human gut is populated by an array of bacterial species, which develop important metabolic and immune functions, with a marked effect on the nutritional and health status of the host. Dietary component also play beneficial roles beyond basic nutrition, leading to the development of the functional food concept and nutraceuticals. Prebiotics, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and phytochemicals are the most well characterized dietary bioactive compounds. The beneficial effects of prebiotics mainly relay on their influence on the gut microbiota composition and their ability to generate fermentation products (short-chain fatty acids) with diverse biological roles. PUFAs include the ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids, whose balance may influence diverse aspects of immunity and metabolism. Moreover, interactions between PUFAs and components of the gut microbiota may also influence their biological roles. Phytochemicals are bioactive non-nutrient plant compounds, which have raised interest because of their potential effects as antioxidants, antiestrogenics, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anticarcinogenics. However, the bioavailability and effects of polyphenols greatly depend on their transformation by components of the gut microbiota. Phytochemicals and their metabolic products may also inhibit pathogenic bacteria while stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria, exerting prebiotic-like effects. Therefore, the intestinal microbiota is both a target for nutritional intervention and a factor influencing the biological activity of other food compounds acquired orally. This review focuses on the reciprocal interactions between the gut microbiota and functional food components, and the consequences of these interactions on human health.