消化道内分泌肿瘤诊治进展

消化系统神经内分泌肿瘤又称胃肠胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤（GEP—NETs）,起源于胃肠胰腺神经内分泌细胞（属APUD细胞）,可分泌多种激素,而某一特定的肿瘤则以一种激素为主,引起相应临床症状,故其临床表现复杂多样,是一类较罕见且颇具特色的肿瘤。其发病率约占消化系统肿瘤的0．4％-1．5％,     

胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的影像学表现及其诊断进展

介绍了胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤（NETP）的症状和现有的诊断状况,阐述了胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的分类过程,从超声、多层螺旋CT、MRI、功能成像4个方面分析了胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的影像学表现及其新进展,最后指出未来可联合应用多种影像学检查技术来实现NETP的早期诊断.     

胰腺神经内分泌癌临床诊疗六例分析

目的 探讨胰腺神经内分泌癌的临床特点、诊断及相关的治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析6例经病理证实的胰腺神经内分泌癌患者的临床资料并结合文献复习讨论.结果 6例患者中肿瘤位于胰头部3例,胰体尾部3例.6例患者均行手术治疗,其中3例行胰十二指肠经典切除术,2例行胰体尾切除+脾切除术,1例因肝脏多发转移行开腹探查术+肿瘤活检.术后病理均诊断为胰腺神经内分泌癌;肿瘤发生淋巴结转移2例,脾脏转移1例,肝脏转移1例.随访期间,1例因发生多器官转移死亡.结论 胰腺神经内分泌癌多发生于胰头部,也可见于胰体尾部,呈浸润性生长,术前诊断困难,多缺乏典型的临床表现,确诊需依赖病理检查,以手术为主的综合治疗能改善预后.     

26例胰腺内分泌肿瘤的临床诊治分析

目的:分析26例胰腺内分泌肿瘤临床特点以及总结诊治经验。方法:选取我院于2011年6月—2017年6月收治的26例胰腺内分泌肿瘤患者作为本次研究的主要对象,并对患者的临床病例资料进行回顾性分析。结果:26例胰腺内分泌肿瘤患者中无功能性胰腺内分泌肿瘤18例,功能性胰腺内分泌肿瘤6例。结论:在胰腺内分泌诊断过程中,采用血清学相关激素水平测定结合影像学检查可以在较大程度上提高诊断率以及为术前患者肿瘤浸润程度进行评估。手术切除则是治疗胰腺内分泌肿瘤最为有效地方法。     

胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤病理诊断的规范和进展

文章对胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤的病理诊断规范进行分析,探究胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤的诊断进展,目的是提高该病的诊断效率和治疗效果。     

筛窦小细胞神经内分泌癌三例及文献复习

神经内分泌肿瘤广泛存在于人体各部位,以胃肠、肺脏、胰腺、乳腺等部位居多,均具有合成、贮存和分泌激素的功能,而分泌的激素暂时未能确定者称为神经内分泌癌.1965年由Raychowdhuri首次报道尸检中发现1例筛窦小细胞神经内分泌癌.我院2006 - 2009年收治3例筛窦小细胞神经内分泌癌,我们参考国内外文献,探讨筛窦小细胞神经内分泌癌的临床特点、诊断、治疗及预后,现报道如下.     

胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤患者自我饮食管理体验质性研究

目的：了解胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤患者在饮食管理过程中的真实体验，为临床更好地开展饮食指导提供参考。方法：运用质性研究方法，对某医院10名胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤住院患者进行半结构式深度访谈，采用Colaizzi现象学分析法分析访谈资料。结果：针对访谈结果共提炼出5个主题，即饮食改变和自我饮食限制；缺乏饮食管理信息支持，对外界资源和支持的渴望；饮食信息的冲突与矛盾；屈服于饮食改变的生活状态；社交功能受限。结论：胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤患者的饮食对其生理、心理、社交等方面均造成了一定的影响，患者饮食依从性仍有待提高。医务人员应重视患者的自我饮食管理过程、情感体验及知识需求，为患者提供针对性指导，帮助患者树立信心，引导患者积极应对疾病所带来的压力，从而提高胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤患者自我饮食管理的有效性。     

CT诊断胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的准确性分析

目的分析CT对胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的诊断准确性。方法选择2018年1月至2019年3月本院收治并经过手术病理确诊的29例胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤患者为研究对象,所有患者都进行CT平扫和增强扫描,对诊断结果进行分析。结果术前CT共计确诊26例,诊断符合率为89.66%,与病理诊断比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。病理分级为2级的患者增强扫描动脉期、静脉期及平衡期均呈现最高强化程度,病理分级为3级的患者均呈现最低强化程度,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论CT诊断胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的准确性较高,可为术前恶性程度评价提供依据,同时为制订治疗方案提供支持,值得推广应用。     

胰腺内分泌肿瘤

胰腺内分泌肿瘤是源于胰腺多能神经内分泌干细胞的一类肿瘤.临床少见,症状复杂多样,可由良性逐渐发展成恶性,病程缓慢,易与内分泌原发疾病相混淆.临床医生对本病认识普遍不足,误诊和漏诊常见,容易导致病人长期误诊误治,甚至出现严重不可逆的损害.     

低血糖合并低胰岛素血症:胃神经内分泌肿瘤罕见症状的诊断难点 ——罕见个案报道

胃肠道神经内分泌肿瘤(Neuroendocrine tumor,NET)属于罕见疾病,具有较高的侵袭能力.这里,我们报道的是一个63岁的胃神经内分泌肿瘤患者,行根治性胃部肿瘤切除术联合胆囊切除,术后病理诊断为G3期胃神经内分泌肿瘤伴有胆囊侵袭.术后5月,患者被诊断为胃NET术后多发肝转移.奇怪的是,患者同时合并有血清低血糖以及低胰岛素血症,但是经过仔细检查,最终并未发现明确病因,并且对症治疗后症状并无明显缓解.患者最终因经济原因放弃治疗.我们呈现此病案报道与大家讨论对于同时存在低血糖以及低胰岛素血症的NET患者,该如何诊断     

内镜诊断与治疗19例消化道神经内分泌瘤分析

目的探讨消化道神经内分泌瘤(NET)的内镜诊断、治疗及预后。方法收集某院经组织病理学和免疫组化确诊的19例胃肠道NET病历资料进行分析。结果 19例中肿瘤单发17例,多发2例,内镜表现为息肉、糜烂、溃疡、隆起病变等。直径≤10 mm病变,内镜窄带成像(NBI)见病变表面毛细血管增粗或不规则,伴腺体缺失,超声内镜见病灶位于黏膜层;直径>15mm,NBI见病变表面毛细血管明显减少,超声内镜见病变已累及黏膜下层。对病变直径≤15 mm,病变局限于黏膜层,黏膜下层完整的14例患者行内镜下切除治疗,术后随访4~48个月,未见复发和转移。结论消化道NET内镜特点缺少特异性;对病变局限于黏膜及黏膜下层且直径≤10 mm病灶,内镜下切除是有效、安全的。     

Symptoms and diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors of the digestive system

Neuroendocrine tumors of the digestive system can cause very diverse clinical symptoms. Due to the secretion of biogenic amines, peptides and hormones secreted by the tumor cells, various paraneoplastic syndromes can evolve, on the other hand, the growth and spreading of hormonally inactive tumors can result in different local symptoms. Patients can be symptom-free for a long time or aspecific, often periodical symptoms can prevent recognition or lead to misdiagnosis for years. The symptomatology of hormonally active tumors, derived mainly from the pancreas is very characteristic. Carcinoid syndrome can be seen in 10-18% of patients with neuroendocrine tumors. In this review, the critical appreciation of laboratory and imaging modalities is discussed. Among the major new developments in this field, the introduction of serum chromogranin A assay and new small bowel examination methods should be mentioned. Capsule endoscopy and balloon enteroscopy can provide possibility of much more earlier diagnosis, as previously. The worldwide spreading of endoscopic ultrasound and fine needle biopsy allows the detection and clear localization of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.     

Neuroendocrine tumours of the digestive tract report of two cases and literature review

Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) of the digestive system are rare. They comprise only 1% of all the tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study is to report two cases of exceptional localization of non secretary neuroendocrine tumors. Their difficulty in diagnosis, treatment and controversy in chemotherapy merit their study in depth. These are two patients that were treated in the department of general surgery (Beau Séjour) in Charles Nicolle Hospital for non secretary (NET) of the pancreas and stomach. The first was presented as a painless epigastria mass with frequent diarrhea. The second was presented as a painful mass in the left hypochondriac area without any other symptoms. Biochemical evaluation confirmed their non secretary properties. Surgery remains the first line of treatment. It was possible for the gastric, but not for the pancreatic tumor. Both were very advanced and had metastasis. Histopathological evaluation and immunohistochemical study using the method of peroxydase antiperoxydase (PAP) complexes for some special monoclonal antibodies confirmed the diagnosis. Chemotherapy of both cases was mal tolerated and was discussed in details.     

Carcinoid tumors

The authors review the most important clinical aspects of carcinoid tumors. Carcinoid tumors originating in neuroendocrine cells are rare, usually slowly-growing neoplasms, however, they may present as aggressive and rapidly progressing tumors. Epidemiologic data indicates that their prevalence is gradually increasing, which may be explained, at least in part, by the development and wider use of advanced diagnostic methods. A considerable proportion of patients with neuroendocrine tumors are symptom-free, whereas others may have carcinoid syndrome or symptoms of other endocrine syndromes. Early diagnosis may be established by the measurement of biochemical markers (serum chromogranin A, urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid) and advanced localization methods. A considerable number of patients are diagnosed at the late stages of the disease; in these cases surgical cure is not possible but surgical and/or interventional radiologic procedures which reduce tumoral mass should be still considered. The most effective drugs for symptomatic treatment of carcinoid tumors are somatostatin analogues; in addition to their beneficial effect on clinical symptoms they may stabilize tumor growth for many years and, less frequently, may produce tumor regression. The use of chemotherapeutic agents is considered in patients with aggressive, rapidly growing and advanced tumors; initial findings with temozolomide and thalidomide in clinical trials raise the possibility that these chemotherapeutic agents may prove to be new therapeutic options. Radioisotope-labeled peptide receptor therapy with 131 I-MIBG, 90 Y-DOTA-TOC or 177 Lu-DOTA-TOC may offer a highly effective option for patients with progressive and advanced stage of neuroendocrine tumors. Initial observations obtained in clinical trials with some tyrosine kinase inhibitors, antibodies against tyrosine kinases, and with inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) support the possibility that at least some of these new agents may have a role in future treatment options in patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors.     

螺旋CT对26例胃肠间质瘤的诊断价值分析

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)对胃肠间质瘤(GIST)的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析我院自2007年1月-2010年1月经手术病理证实的26例GIST患者的MSCT表现。结果:26例GIST患者全部为单发性,其中发生于胃部为12例、小肠10例、结肠2例、大网膜及肠系膜各1例,合并肝脏转移2例。良性肿块边缘光滑,密度均匀,明显均匀增强。恶性肿块体积较大,形态不规则,常见分叶;实质密度不均匀,中心常见坏死、囊变或出血。增强后肿块实性部分强化,静脉期持续强化,坏死囊变区无明显强化。GIST的免疫组化CD117和CD34表达特异性较高。结论:MSCT对GIST有特征性表现,其应用价值逐渐被临床认可;同时GIST的定性最终需依赖病理和免疫组化检查。     

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor metastasized to the ovary

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract, is originated from the interstitial cells of Cajal. As a sign of malignancy, intestinal tumors particularly tend to metastasize, primarily in the abdominal cavity and in the liver. The authors present a gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the intestine, which metastasized to the ovary. The tumor presented as a pelvic mass, mimicking an ovarian neoplasm. In the case of clinically simultaneous tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and of the ovary, one has to consider the possibility of a primary gastrointestinal tumor and first of all a gastrointestinal stromal tumor. The histological diagnosis is essential because of the tumor-specific chemotherapeutical opportunity of gastrointestinal stromal tumors.     

Symptoms and diagnostics of lung neuroendocrine tumors

Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors comprise 20% of all lung cancers. They are separated into 4 subgroups: typical carcinoid tumor, atypical carcinoid tumor, large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and small-cell lung carcinoma. The major symptoms present in 60% of patients are cough, hemoptysis, and obstructive pneumonia. They may also exhibit hormonally related symptoms e.g. carcinoid syndrome. Small cell lung cancer is the most common subgroup, with rapid progression, aggressive metastatic potential and the worst prognosis. Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is rare but also has a poor prognosis. Typical carcinoid may be accompanied with hormone related symptoms and has the best prognosis; atypical one on the contrary may cause lymph node and distant metastases in half of the cases. Elevated plasma levels of chromogranin-A are present in majority of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors and act as tumor marker. The mainstay of treatment is radical surgery if possible. In locally advanced or metastatic disease combination chemotherapy and somatostatin-analogues may have beneficial effect. This review focuses on the general features, and current diagnostic options of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors.     

螺旋CT诊断胃间质瘤50例分析

目的总结胃间质瘤患者的CT诊断价值。方法对2010年12月—2011年12月在该院接受治疗的50例胃间质瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。全部患者皆实现螺旋CT平扫及增强扫描。结果 50例胃间质瘤患者在实行螺旋CT后,主要的表现有:胃内出现软组织肿块的现象,肿块同时有向腔内或者胃腔内、外突出的趋势。在实施增强后,患者肿块强化相对明显,出现中心囊变及坏死的现象,周边强化明显。50例患者中,有20例为低度恶性胃间质瘤,有30例为高度恶性胃间质瘤。结论在胃间质瘤治疗中,螺旋CT的诊断价值比较高,可以准确地显示出患者胃间质瘤的具体部位及具体的形态,对患者疾病的治疗有着非常重要的意义。     

体外循环心脏手术后胃肠道并发症的综合治疗探究

目的通过观察体外循环心脏手术后胃肠道并发症的临床特征、危险因素、早期诊断、综合治疗以及预后干预措施,探讨体外循环心脏手术后胃肠道并发症的综合治疗措施。方法回顾我院2002年2月²013年10月收治的56例体外循环心脏手术(心脏瓣膜置换术32例,冠状动脉搭桥14例,心脏瓣膜置换术+冠状动脉搭桥术5例,大血管手术3例,先心病矫治术2例)术后发生胃肠道并发症的患者临床资料,分析胃粘膜保护机制削弱、损伤因素作用增强及机体的神经内分泌功能失调三方面在体外循环心脏术后胃肠道并发症的发生、发展、转归中的作用,总结体外循环心脏手术后胃肠道并发症的综合干预措施。结果 1例原有消化溃疡病史,因大量出血,死于休克;其余55例患者均痊愈出院。对55例患者进行为期12013年10月收治的56例体外循环心脏手术(心脏瓣膜置换术32例,冠状动脉搭桥14例,心脏瓣膜置换术+冠状动脉搭桥术5例,大血管手术3例,先心病矫治术2例)术后发生胃肠道并发症的患者临床资料,分析胃粘膜保护机制削弱、损伤因素作用增强及机体的神经内分泌功能失调三方面在体外循环心脏术后胃肠道并发症的发生、发展、转归中的作用,总结体外循环心脏手术后胃肠道并发症的综合干预措施。结果 1例原有消化溃疡病史,因大量出血,死于休克;其余55例患者均痊愈出院。对55例患者进行为期1⁵年的随访,均无复发和死亡情况。结论体外循环心脏手术后胃肠道并发症病死率高,对术前有胃肠道病史、术前心功能差等高危患者术前可采取必要的预防措施,术后对并发症早期诊断、早期采取综合干预措施,可以提高生率,达到很好的治疗效果。