大蒜液体外抑菌作用的实验研究

[目的]研究大蒜液的体外抑菌作用。[方法]采用抑菌环试验和营养肉汤稀释法对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、白色念珠菌等11种致病菌进行抑菌试验，进行了最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）的实验研究。[结果]大蒜液对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、腊样芽孢杆菌等11种菌株的抑菌环直径均大于7mm；对多种常见微生物均有较强的抑菌和杀菌作用。[结论]大蒜液在体外具有明显的抑菌作用。     

血水草生物碱及其血根碱抑菌作用的研究

目的观察血水草生物碱（Eomecon chionantha Alkaloids,ECA）及其血根碱（Sanguinarine,SAN）的抑菌作用。方法以大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、白假丝酵母菌为受试菌,采用琼脂打孔扩散法和琼脂平板稀释法,研究ECA及SAN的抑菌作用。结果 ECA和SAN可抑制大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白假丝酵母菌的生长,而对铜绿假单胞菌无抑制作用;ECA对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白假丝酵母菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）分别为40、160、40μg/ml;SAN对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白假丝酵母菌的MIC分别为40、80、40μg/ml。结论 ECA和SAN对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白假丝酵母菌具有较强的抑菌效果,对铜绿假单胞菌没有明显的抑制作用。     

蒙药阿拉坦五味丸总黄酮的超声提取工艺研究

目的:通过超声提取法研究蒙药阿拉坦五味丸中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺。方法:采用L9(34)正交实验,以总黄酮提取率为考察指标,考察乙醇浓度,料液比,超声时间和提取温度等因素对超声提取工艺的影响,确定其最佳提取工艺条件。结果:乙醇作溶剂对总黄酮的提取效率较高,且最佳提取工艺条件是:乙醇浓度70%,料液比1∶50,超声时间60min,超声温度60℃。结论:在该条件下,阿拉坦五味丸总黄酮的提取具有时间短、收率高、耗能小等优点。     

茶多酚抑菌活性的实验研究

对茶多酚的抑菌活性进行了实验研究,结果表明:茶多酚对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌,沙门氏菌的生长繁殖都有强烈的抑制作用,最佳抑菌浓度为100mg/L。     

园柏和龙柏主要挥发物及其抑菌和杀菌作用

目的分析园柏和龙柏挥发物的化学成分,并比较其抑菌和杀菌效果.方法于2003年8月在上海植物园采集新鲜的园柏和龙柏叶片,采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)技术进行挥发物成分分析,并用其挥发油对表皮葡萄球菌(ATCC-35984)、金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC-29213)、大肠杆菌(ATCC-25922)、绿脓杆菌(ATCC-27853)进行体外抗菌效果研究.结果园柏和龙柏挥发油中主要成分均为乙酸龙脑酯,含量分别为38.1%和46.5%,此外,园柏含24.9%的水芹烯(phellandrene)和12.4%的对薄荷-1-烯-4-醇(p-menth-l-en-4-ol),龙柏含30.0%的柠檬烯(limonene)和7.9%的β-蒎烯(β-pinene).园柏挥发油对金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌最低抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度分别为4、8 mg/L;2、8 mg/L;8、8 mg/L.龙柏挥发油仅对金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌有抑菌作用,最低抑菌浓度分别为2、4 mg/L,并且只对表皮葡萄球菌有杀菌作用,最低杀菌浓度为16 mg/L.结论园柏挥发油对金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌均有较强的抑菌及杀菌效果,而龙柏挥发油仅对金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌有抑菌效果,且只对表皮葡萄球菌有杀菌效果.园柏挥发油的抑菌杀菌效果优于龙柏,且抑菌范围更广.     

20种清热解毒中草药体外抗金黄色葡萄球菌活性筛选

目的测定20种清热解毒中草药的80%乙醇提取物体外对标准金黄色葡萄球菌（SA）和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA）的抗菌活性,筛选出抑菌效果好的药材。方法制备20种云南中草药乙醇提取物,采用常规琼脂扩散法对SA及临床分离的MRSA菌株(MRSA 82、MRSA 92、MRSA 111、MRSA 135、MRSA 144）进行体外抑菌试验,倍比稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果20种中草药醇提取物的提取率为5.33%～15.89%,其中红花提取率 (15.89%)最高,龙葵(12.64%)次之,菟丝子 (5.33%)最低。初筛结果显示,16种中草药对SA及其耐药菌呈现不同程度的抑制作用,高度敏感（抑菌圈直径≥16 mm）的中草药4种（十大功劳、夏枯草、香薷草、老鹳草）;中度敏感（抑菌圈直径>10 mm,<16 mm）的中草药9种（马鞭草、翻白草、酢浆草、一枝黄花、紫花地丁、茵陈、车前草、金钱草、绣球防风）;轻度敏感（抑菌圈直径≤10 mm）的中草药3种（白头翁、凌霄花、韭菜籽）。多数中草药对耐药菌的抑菌圈大于对标准菌的抑菌圈。13种抑菌活性较好（中、高度敏感）的中草药提取物,对标准菌和耐药菌的MIC为64～1 024 μg/mL,MBC为128～2 048 μg/mL。结论十大功劳、夏枯草、香薷草及老鹳草具有较强的抗金黄色葡萄球菌活性,且对MRSA也有较好的抑制作用。     

中药成方复方香艾液抑菌作用的实验研究

目的观察中药成方复方香艾液的抑菌作用及最低抑菌浓度。方法采用平皿法和试管法。以不同质量浓度药物作用于培养的大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌,观察抑菌效果。结果复方香艾液能有效抑制实验细菌生长,复方香艾液对大肠杆菌MIC为31.25 mg/ml(原液稀释8倍),对金黄色葡萄球菌MIC为7.8 mg/ml(原液稀释32倍),对白色念珠菌MIC为62.5 mg/ml(原液稀释4倍)。结论实验研究证实复方香艾液具有明显的抑菌作用,能有效抑制空气中常见致病菌的生长。     

乳酸链球菌素与一种苦参黄柏提取物的抑菌效果研究

目的 研究乳酸链球菌素(nisin)与一种苦参黄柏提取物联合应用的抑菌效果。 方法 采用抑菌试验研究nisin与苦参黄柏提取物单独用药时对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌的抑菌效果,采用两因素三水平正交试验设计和分级抑制浓度指数,探索nisin与苦参黄柏提取物的联合抑菌效果。 结果 nisin对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为0.9375、7.5 mg/ml;苦参黄柏提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为3.125 %、6.25 %,nisin与苦参黄柏提取物联合应用后对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌效果都为0.5＜FIC指数≤1.0,表现均为协同作用。 结论 nisin与苦参黄柏提取物联合应用时,相比两者单独用药,抑菌效果得到增强。     

蜂胶对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用

[目的]了解产自河南的蜂胶对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用.[方法]采用琼脂平板扩散法,将实验分为8个不同pH组（蜂胶浓度31%）,以及在pH 6.5下设置10个不同浓度组即将31%蜂胶溶液倍比稀释至0.0621%（1：512）及空白组（0%）,每组3次重复,每张滤纸片（直径6 mm）滴加蜂胶溶液7μl,记录蜂胶对金黄色葡萄球菌24h的抑菌效果.[结果]随pH增加,河南蜂胶对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性呈阶段性减弱.随浓度降低,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活力减弱,在pH 6.5下,产生抑菌环的最小浓度为0.1242%（即实验剂量为8.47μg）.[结论]河南蜂胶对金黄色葡萄球菌有明显的抑菌活性.     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对呼吸道感染病原菌的抑菌作用及影响因素研究

目的 探讨N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)对常见呼吸道感染病原菌的抑菌作用及其影响抑菌作用的因素。方法 以常见呼吸道感染病原菌为供试菌,通过有限稀释法和悬液定量杀菌法进行抑菌试验。观察不同影响因素(不同浓度、不同时间、pH、有机物质和存放时间)对NAC抑菌作用的影响。结果 NAC对金黄色葡萄球菌最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为2.5mg/ml,最小杀菌浓度(MBC)为5mg/ml。对大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的MIC为5mg/ml,MBC为10mg/ml。悬液定量杀菌结果表明,5mg/ml NAC,在菌终浓度约为104cfu/ml,作用40min,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、嗜食麦窄食单胞菌、肺炎链球菌和乙型溶血型链球菌,杀菌率几乎达到100%;pH=5.4～7.5之间,在作用40min,20mg/ml的NAC对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌的杀菌作用与相应pH浓度的PBS之间无显著差异;pH=4.0时,NAC具有明显的杀菌作用,而相同的PBS无明显杀菌作用;有机物质(小牛血清)8%以上时,NAC对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌杀菌作用明显降低;在密封条件下,冷藏3d,NAC仍能保持较好的杀菌活性,但室温条件存放1d以上,杀菌效果就会有所降低。结论 NAC对常见呼吸道感染菌具有较好的抑菌效果;环境中的有机物质、酸碱度是影响NAC抑菌效果的主要因素。     

某洗衣液抑菌效果的实验研究

目的观察某抑菌洗衣液的抑菌效果。方法依据2002版《消毒技术规范》抑菌试验(载体法)进行,对产品进行抑菌效果测定。结果该抑菌洗衣液100倍稀释液对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌作用20min,抑菌率均>90%,有较强抑菌作用。结论该抑菌洗衣液对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌都有较强的抑菌效果。     

左氧氟沙星对牙周炎需氧及厌氧菌抗菌活性研究

目的 比较喹诺酮药物左氧氟沙星、氧氟沙星和环丙沙星对牙周炎需氧和厌氧菌抗菌活性。方法 牙周炎患者龈沟液中需氧和厌氧菌的分离培养。最低抑菌浓度(MIC)测定用琼脂稀释多点接触法。最低杀菌浓度(MBC)用肉汤稀释法，并用杀菌曲线方法比较两种喹诺酮药物杀菌性能。结果 喹诺酮药物有广谱的抗菌作用。左氧氟沙星对大肠埃希菌、肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肠球菌和厌氧菌的MIC50分别为0．25、0．5、0．5、1和0．125μg／ml,，抗菌活性强于氧氟沙星和环丙沙星。对肺炎克雷伯菌、肠杆菌属细菌、变形菌、嗜血菌和不动杆菌的MIC50分别为＜0．03、＜0．03、＜0．03、0．125和0．03μg／ml，，抗菌活性强于氧氟沙星，但与环丙沙星相同。左氧氟沙星对铜绿假单胞菌抗菌活性稍弱于环丙沙星，左氧氟沙星的MIC是氧氟沙星和环丙沙星的2倍。结论 左氧氟沙星是一个广谱抗生素，对口腔需氧和厌氧菌显示了良好的抑菌和杀菌的活性。     

手消毒液杀菌效果观察

目的 了解手消毒液的抑菌效果及应用消毒效果.方法 利用载体定量杀菌试验,对医院常见致病微生物进行杀菌试验;对医护人员手部自然菌杀灭效果观察.结果 使用卫洁牌手消毒液对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、白色假丝酵母菌、铜绿假单胞菌制成的菌悬液作用0.5、1、1.5 min,平均杀灭对数值均＞5.00;外科手消毒的平均杀灭对数值为2.52;日常卫生手消毒的平均杀灭对数值为2.36.结论 该手消毒液用于手部皮肤消毒所需时间少、有效、易干燥、无黏腻感,是外科手消毒的最佳选择.     

纳米抗菌剂抑菌杀菌性能研究

目的：检测纳米抗菌剂对标准菌株的杀菌、抑菌性能和高温对其抑菌效果的影响。方法：目标菌为大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌，通过悬液定量杀灭试验和抑菌环试验检测纳米抗菌剂的杀菌、抑菌能力。结果：水溶性纳米抗菌膜溶于5ml灭菌水中作用l0min可杀灭95．39％的金黄色葡萄球菌和93．28％的白色念珠菌，复合了纳米银的抗菌医用棉条、烧烫伤贴、创伤贴对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌环直径大于l0mm，对白色念珠菌的抑菌环直径大于7mm。结论：纳米抗菌剂对细菌繁殖体和白色念珠菌具有良好的抑菌、杀菌作用，高压灭菌处理对纳米银抗菌剂抑菌效果影响不大，但织物构造对其抑菌效果有影响。     

A study of chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Bulgarian propolis

Propolis is a natural product which exhibits pronounced antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. AIM: To analyze the chemical composition and antimicrobial effect of Bulgarian propolis, p-cumaric acid and ferulic acid on certain Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ethanol extract of Bulgarian propolis (Propolin) and water extract of Bulgarian propolis (Propolstom), ferulic acid and p-cumaric acid were used. The chemical HPLC-analysis of propolis was performed with Varian Prostar system. Microbiological tests were done on isolates of Streptococcus beta-haemolyticus, Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans and Escherichia coli. Non-treated and ethanol-treated cultures of the corresponding strains were used as controls. Minimal bactericidal and bacteriostatic concentration of Propolin were determined by agar method. RESULTS: The concentration of p-cumaric acid and ferulic acid in ethanol extract of propolis is about 1%. The minimal bactericidal concentration of Bulgarian propolis against Streptococcus beta-haemolyticus is 281 +/- 89.3 microg/ml, against Enterococcus faecalis--3490 +/- 633.1 microg/ml, against Candida albicans--1375 +/- 255.2 microg/ml, and against Escherichia coli--24306 +/- 1706.4 microg/ml. The minimal bactericidal concentration of p-cumaric acid and ferulic acid against Streptococcus beta-haemolyticus is 212 +/- 6.5 microg/ml and 208 +/- 7.7 microg/ml, against Enterococcus faecalis--3013 +/- 176.6 and 3032 +/- 203.4 microg/ml, against Candida albicans--157 +/- 15.5 microg/ml and 149 +/- 23.2 microg/ml, and against Escherichia coli--798 +/- 7.7 microg/ml and 801 +/- 22.8 microg/ml, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The phenolic compounds p-cumaric acid and ferulic acid are 10 times less extracted in water extraction than in ethanol extraction. The most susceptible strains to the Bulgarian propolis and phenolic compounds are Streptococcus beta-haemolyticus and Candida albicans and the least affected are Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis.     

Microbiological assessment of efficiency of antibacterial modified textiles

The application of antimicrobial finishes to textiles can prevent bacterial growth and might reduce the risk of infection resulting from textiles that are contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms in hospitals. The main aim of this study was the determination of the antibacterial activities of chemical treatments applied to textiles. Comparison of testing methods assessing antibacterial efficiency was conducted. These studies were performed in order to select the right methods of evaluating the bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity of antibacterial modified textiles. Antibacterial modified polyester fibres and fabrics made from cotton (100%) applied with quaternary ammonium salts were tested. Textiles treated with bacterial agent were compared with reference samples (not treatment with the disinfectant). The Standards ISO/DIS 20645/2002 andAATCC 147/ 1998 suitable for assessment of bacteriostatic activity were applied. For assessment of bactericidal activity ATCC Test Method 100-1998 were applied. The bacterial strains recommended by the above standards such as: Klebsiellapneumoniae (ATCC 4352),Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229) was tested. Additionally Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027) was examined. Tested fibres did not show antibacterial activity. Samples of antibacterial textiles were washed through laboratory laundering cycles. Residual antimicrobial activity was measured after washes. The fabric showed antibacterial activity against K. pneumonia and S. aureus. The examined specimens showed no bacteriostatic activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa. The results obtained in two applied quality methods were comparable in assessing antibacterial activity of finishes. Reduction of bacteria in quantitative method was 90%. In quality method ISO/DIS 20645/2002 effectiveness of the treatment against K. pneumonia was retained up to five laundering cycles and against S. aureus--twenty laundering cycles.     

纳米Ag-SiO2聚氨酯抗菌性能评价

目的比较7种纳米Ag-SiO2含量不同的聚氨酯材料的抗菌性能。方法制备含纳米Ag-SiO2质量分数为0%、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%、5.0%的7种聚氨酯材料;选用金黄色葡萄球菌与大肠埃希菌为受试菌种,使用贴膜法测定各样品中的活菌数,并计算出各样品的抗菌率,对各样品的抗菌性能进行评级。使用含纳米Ag-SiO2质量分数为1.0%、2.5%的聚氨酯材料进行抑菌圈实验,分别测定1、3、7 d的抑菌圈直径,测定材料的抗菌持久性。结果含纳米Ag-SiO2质量分数为0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%、5.0%的聚氨酯材料对金黄色葡萄球菌与大肠埃希菌的抗菌率均>90%,并且随着纳米Ag-SiO2含量的增高,抗菌率逐渐增高;1、3、7 d材料抑菌圈直径差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论纳米Ag-SiO2含量增高,抗菌作用增强,且具有较持久的抗菌性,可以作为理想的抗菌材料应用于生活与医疗。     

重组人血小板型磷脂酶A_2在杀菌过程中与抗菌药的相互作用

目的　研究重组人血小板型磷脂酶 A2 (PL A2 )在杀菌过程中与常用抗菌药间相互作用关系 ,为临床用药提供依据 ,并探讨其杀菌机制。方法　将重组人血小板型 PL A2 和抗菌药分别单独以及联合作用于金黄色葡萄球菌 ,通过测定细菌菌落数来评价杀菌效果。结果　青霉素、头孢拉定、磷霉素、万古霉素增强血小板型 PL A2 杀菌活性 ;红霉素减弱血小板型 PL A2 杀菌活性 ;氧氟沙星对血小板型 PL A2 杀菌作用无影响。结论　血小板型 PL A2与破坏细胞壁的杀菌类药物有协同作用 ,与抑菌类药物合用受到拮抗 ;细菌细胞壁的结构及其生长状态是影响血小板型 PL A2 杀菌活性发挥的重要因素     

银离子水凝胶涂层导尿管的体外抑菌效果

目的 评价银离子水凝胶涂层导尿管的体外抑菌效果.方法 银离子在琼脂培养基中经溶出扩散可以形成不同的浓度梯度以发挥其抑菌作用,通过抑菌环大小可评价抑菌效果,该研究以不含银离子水凝胶涂层的同种材质导尿管作为阴性对照样品,以金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌和表皮葡萄球菌作为试验菌株,采用抑菌环试验来评价银离子水凝胶涂...     

In vitro antibacterial, phototoxic, and synergistic activity of ethanol extracts from Costus cf. arabicus L

In this study, ethanol extracts of stems and leaves of Costus cf. arabicus L. were evaluated for antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial and modulatory activities of the extracts were assayed by microdilution. The light-enhanced antibacterial activity was assayed by a light regimen. The growth of the bacteria tested was not inhibited by the extracts. The minimum inhibitory concentration values were ≥1,024 μg/mL. However, the antibiotic activity of aminoglycosides was synergistically enhanced when these extracts at subinhibitory concentrations were combined with the antibiotics. Also, both extracts showed activity against the wild-type bacterial strains, but the leaf extract was the more active extract, being active against both S. aureus and E. coli. Therefore, we conclude that the ethanol extracts of stems and leaves of C. cf. arabicus L. have potential light-induced antibacterial activity and synergistic antibiotic activity. This study showed that these extracts may be a promising source of antibacterial and modulatory agents.