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1.
本文建立了RLC磁刺激仪模型 ,给出了模型参数计算方法。将磁刺激系统的性能指标分为三部分 :反映磁刺激仪输出性能的损耗能量 ;反映线圈输出性能的峰值磁能 ;反映线圈结构的几何变量。在给定磁刺激条件下 ,调整平面螺旋线圈的结构并计算出依赖于线圈结构参数的磁刺激仪和线圈输出性能值 ,从而 ,寻找最优的系统参数。优化结果表明 :线圈外半径和线的直径 (或截面面积 )是关键因素 ,选择合适的线圈外半径和线结构可以大大降低功耗 ,提高磁刺激频率 ,解决线圈发热问题  相似文献   

2.
以华科公司研发产品HKYJ-1型磁场刺激器为基础,建立磁刺激线圈的RLC模型,根据线圈峰值磁能指标对HKYJ-1型磁场刺激器磁头线圈的优化性进行讨论和评估.仿真结果证明HKYJ-1型磁场刺激器的磁刺激用圆形线圈所产生的峰值磁能与磁刺激治疗所需阈值磁能未能形成最优,线圈峰值磁能过大,其后果使线圈能耗过大,至使磁头发热过大,(与设备实际使用情况相符)最终导致刺激器工作有效性降低.根据研究结果本文提出了HKYJ-1型磁场刺激器的改进建议,提出了优化磁刺激用圆形线圈制作参数和结构参数的途径和方法,这样有效地提高华科HKYJ-1型磁场刺激器的医疗效率.  相似文献   

3.
为了解决传统经颅磁刺激仪刺激线圈位姿固定,导致输出磁场刺激部位调节困难的问题,本研究设计并仿真了一种经颅磁刺激仪线圈位姿调整装置,设计了线圈位姿调整装置的机械结构,建立系统坐标系、线圈和人脑有限元模型,分析在刺激电参数相同、机械结构参数不同条件下,线圈刺激颅脑的磁场分布.随着刺激线圈位姿的调整,磁场刺激颅脑的部位发生改...  相似文献   

4.
为了探究将磁刺激技术应用于动物机器人运动控制的可行性,本文面向鸽子机器人,仿真分析线圈半径、匝数等因素对磁刺激强度、深度及聚焦性的影响,提出线圈设计方案。将线圈置于鸽子头部及腿部,磁刺激同时记录腿部肌电。结果发现,磁刺激时肌电明显增强。降低磁刺激系统输出频率,输出电流增大,肌电随之增强。与脑部磁刺激相比,刺激坐骨神经引起的肌电增强反应更为显著。这表明,磁刺激系统通过驱动该线圈可以有效地实现对脑及外周神经功能的调控。本研究为后续实用性线圈优化改进提供了理论及实验指导,为动物机器人磁刺激运动控制实施奠定了初步的理论和实验基础。  相似文献   

5.
脑神经磁刺激技术的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
生物组织磁刺激技术是一种无创伤生物刺激技术,在脑神经刺激以及深部神经刺激中较之传统电刺激具有明显优势,近10几年来发展较迅速。本文概述了磁刺激技术的基本原理,介绍了脑部磁刺激常用的球形头模型和计算颅内感应电场分布的数学模型,分析了线圈设计中不同的结构、形状、大小、方向等对感应电场聚焦性的影响,比较了圆形(包括圆形的变形)线圈、八字形线圈、Slinky线圈刺激脑部神经的基本特性,此外还简单描述了刺激线圈的内部参数。  相似文献   

6.
本研究提出一个衡量磁刺激线圈聚焦性的比较系数,比较不同形状线圈的感应电场聚焦性,研究线圈参数的优化方法.我们建立了磁刺激感应电场分布的数学模型,以Matlab作为仿真工具,以能够反映线圈刺激效果的比较系数ξ为指标,分析比较了几种不同线圈的聚焦性,以及成不同角度的线圈聚焦性.结果表明:四叶玫瑰形为刺激聚焦性最好的线圈形状,该线圈半径越小,聚焦性越好,成102°角的四叶玫瑰线形线圈具有最佳聚焦性,而且112°角四叶玫瑰形线圈与89°角线圈组合成的线圈阵列聚焦性最好.由此说明本研究中的比较系数可用于比较线圈聚焦性,对线圈参数的优化设计具有一定的指导意义.  相似文献   

7.
采用磁来刺激神经系统正在代替电刺激。主要原因是磁刺激不造成痛疼。本文使用一个具有图形输出的计算机模型计算出由刺激线圈产生的感应电流在空间的分布。考虑了一个平面环形线圈的两种空间构型,即平行于组织表面和垂直于组织表面。组织表面被假设是一个无限大平面,组织被看作是一个均匀、各向同性的容积导体。在电场计算中,作了准静态近似,给出了作为位置(包括深度)函数的电流密度)的分布图。在两种空间构型中,是平行于组织表面,且在表面处值最大。对  相似文献   

8.
目的准确分析线圈参数变化对经颅磁刺激下大脑内电磁场的影响。方法利用真实头模型和有限元方法,对经颅磁刺激下电磁场环境建模,结合实际电路进行电路电磁场耦合分析。结果以此为理论基础设计出自动后台仿真系统,实现对线圈电磁场的自动分析,设计出参数获取系统自动获取满足临床刺激需要,并可用于实际制作的线圈参数。结论线圈设计系统能为临床磁刺激仪使用者分析大脑内电磁场和设计线圈提供指导意见。  相似文献   

9.
为解决经颅磁刺激的兴奋点定位问题提出了以圆环面聚焦线圈阵列实现电磁聚焦的方案。而后,使用经过改进的自适应遗传算法对注入阵列各单元线圈电流的大小和相位进行了优化,在目标区域内很好的实现了电磁聚焦。通过计算,显示了线圈阵列在优化后的电流组态下产生的磁场和电场在计算区域内的分布和二维等高线图,表明了该聚焦线圈阵列可在目标区域产生具有良好聚焦性能的电场和磁场分布,并具有可同时聚焦至多个目标的能力。  相似文献   

10.
脑神经磁刺激技术的研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
生物组织磁刺激技术是一种无创伤生物刺激技术,在脑神经刺激以及深部神经刺激中较之传统电刺激具有明显优势,近10几年来发展较迅速,本文概述了磁刺激技术的基本原理,介绍了脑部磁刺激常用的球形头模型和计算颅内感应电场分布的数学模型,分析了线圈设计中不同的结构,形状,大小,方向等对感应电场聚焦性的影响,比较了圆形(包括圆形的变形)线圈,八字形线圈,Slinky线圈刺激脑部神经的基本特性,此外还简单描述了刺激  相似文献   

11.
Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc2 (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.  相似文献   

12.
Most bodily functions require the coordinated actions of complementary and supplementary paired muscle groups. Where this essential muscular cooperation is lacking, hollow organs may burst and others become literally screwed up, giving rise to many similar spastic diseases such as Torticollis, Twisted ovarian cyst, Torsion of the Testis, Volvulus of the intestines, Varicose Veins, Megacolon, Aortamegaly, Scoliosis, Erb's Palsy, Peyronie's Disease, Main-en-Griffe, Undescended Foot (Pes Cavus), Talipes, Strabismus. Spasm is “panenepidemic” and unclassified examples of Torsion Dystonia and Dyskinesia really are as common as debt and taxes.  相似文献   

13.
About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread epidemics of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a panhypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of substrate beriberi and substrate pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse endemic disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for primates. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.  相似文献   

14.
Zusammenfassung Eine Reihe pathologischer Zustände bedingen Magnesiummangel. Zustände mit Hypermagnesämie sind ebenfalls bekannt, doch wesentlich seltener. Für den Kardiologen beachtenswert ist, daß unter Therapie mit bestimmten Diuretica bei Herzinsuffizienz, bei Herzinfarkt, Kardiomyopathie, Digitalisintoxikation und bestimmten Herzrhythmusstörungen Hypomagnesämie beobachtet wurde. Leider kann in der klinischen Routine nur ein extracelluläres Magnesiumdefizit durch Serumbestimmungen gemessen werden; über Magnesiummangel einzelner Organe kann nichts ausgesagt werden. Hinweise für Magnesiummangel geben aber neben der Messung des Serumspiegels Anamnese, klinischer Befund, bestimmte EKG-Veränderungen wie auch evtl. Hypokalämie, ein Zustand, bei dem sich oft — besonders bei Aldosteronismus — parallele Veränderungen zeigten.Tierexperimente deuten darauf hin, daß infarktähnliche Läsionen unter Magnesiummangel entstehen, doch ob Herzinfarkt beim Menschen durch Magnesiummangel ausgelöst werden kann, ist noch ungeklärt. In Leichenherzen zeigte sich im Infarktgebiet neben Calciumakkumulation signifikanter Magnesiumverlust, wobei unklar blieb, ob sich Ursache oder Folge des Infarktes widerspiegelten. Falls ein ursächlicher Zusammenhang besteht, ist er im Myokardstoffwechsel selbst zu suchen, wie bei der Alkoholkardiomyopathie, wo myokardialer Magnesiummangel zumindest als pathogenetischer Teilfaktor anerkannt wird. Andererseits versucht man aber auch Beziehungen zwischen Atherosklerose, Blutgerinnung und Hypomagnesämie herzustellen, in der Meinung, daß Magnesiummangel auch über den coronaren Pathomechanismus des Herzinfarktes wirken könnte. Sicher scheint, daß gewisse EKG-Veränderungen und Herzrhythmusstörungen durch einen irritierten Magnesiumhaushalt bedingt sein können, da sie bei Gabe bzw. Entzug von Magnesium verschwinden. Daß Magnesiummangel die Glykosidtoleranz verringert, wird tierexperimentell bestätigt. Unter Hypomagnesämie bewirkt Acetylstrophanthidin eher und länger Rhythmusstörungen als ohne, außerdem lassen diese sich durch Magnesiumgaben eliminieren. Da in gewissen Fällen spontane und digitalisinduzierte Herzrythmusstörungen durch Magnesiuminjektionen beseitigt wurden, scheint Magnesium als Therapeuticum angebracht. Einsatz verschiedener Magnesiumsalze bei Angina pectoris, degenerativen Herzerkrankungen und Herzinsuffizienz ohne geprüften und offensichtlich gestörten Magnesiumhaushalt ist fragwürdig, weil keine eindeutigen klinischen Erfolgsbeweise vorliegen. Immerhin mag es aber larvierte, durch Serumbestimmungen nicht erfaßbare Mangelzustände geben. Allgemein erscheint es aus kardiologischer Sicht ratsam, den Magnesiumhaushalt zu überwachen und in entsprechenden Fällen auszugleichen, um möglichen Myokardläsionen oder fatalen Herzrhythmusstörungen entgegenzuwirken.  相似文献   

15.
16.
Introduction: The etiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) is multifactorial with interaction between genetics, immune and environmental factors.

Areas covered: We review the role of prenatal exposures, irritants and pruritogens, pathogens, climate factors, including temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation, outdoor and indoor air pollutants, tobacco smoke exposure, water hardness, urban vs. rural living, diet, breastfeeding, probiotics and prebiotics on AD.

Expert commentary: The increased global prevalence of AD cannot be attributed to genetics alone, suggesting that evolving environmental exposures may trigger and/or flare disease in predisposed individuals. There is a complex interplay between different environmental factors, including individual use of personal care products and exposure to climate, pollution, food and other exogenous factors. Understanding these complex risk factors is crucial to developing targeted interventions to prevent the disease in millions. Moreover, patients require counseling on optimal regimens for minimization of exposure to irritants and pruritogens and other harmful exposures.  相似文献   


17.
《Human immunology》2020,81(5):193-194
Huastecos or Teenek Amerindians are presently living at North East Mexico (San Luis Potosi State). They have probably one of the most ancient culture of Mexico and Central America together with Mayas and Olmec groups with which also show close relationships. Proximity to Atlantic Ocean/Mexican Gulf originated that Spaniards had very early contact with them at about 1519 CE or before. In the present paper we have aimed to study HLA gene profile which may be useful for HLA and disease epidemiology and transplant programs in Teeneks. HLA-DRB1*04:07, -DRB1*14:06 and -DRB1*04:11 have been found in high frequency like in other Amerindian groups. High frequency typical Amerindians HLA extended haplotypes have been found, such as A*02-B*35-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02; A*68-B*39-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 and A*02-B*39-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02; also new haplotypes have been described, like A*02-B*52-DRB1*04:11-DQB1*03:02, A*68-B*35-DRB1*14:02-DQB1*03:01 and A*68-B*40-DRB1*16:02-DQB1*03:01. Genetic proximity is observed not only to linguistically close Mayans, but also to Mazatecans, Mixtecans and Zapotecans, who speak an altogether different languages; it shows once more that genes and languages do not correlate. This population was greatly diminished after European contact between 1500 and 1600 years CE; in fact, North and South America First Inhabitants population was brought from 80 down to 8 million people because of diseases (i.e.: measles, smallpox or influenza), slavery and war.  相似文献   

18.
Newton H 《Medical history》2011,55(2):153-182
Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.  相似文献   

19.
Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.  相似文献   

20.
The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.  相似文献   

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