防反流支架及人工贲门临床应用21例

在为病人置入 2 4 1例全覆膜食管支架 (CZES)的基础上 ,1999年我们研制成功防反流支架并施治 12例病人 ;2 0 0 0年将经改制的防反流支架 (人工贲门 )经手术置入食管胃吻合口处 ,临床治疗 9例病人 ,获得满意疗效 ,现报道如下。资料和方法　全组 2 1例中男 16例 ,女 5例 ;年龄 4 9～ 78岁 ,平均 6 1 4岁。防反流支架组 (A组 ) 12例 ,其中III～IV期贲门癌 2例 ,III期、IV期食管下段癌、中段癌各 1例 ,食管癌贲门癌术后病人 5例 ,反流性食管炎引发食管吻合口严重狭窄 1例 ,贲门失弛症 2例 ;2例已存在肝脏癌转移。人工贲门组 (B组 ) 9例 ,…     

带膜食管支架置入治疗食管癌术后胸内食管吻合口瘘

目的总结覆硅胶膜镍钛合金食管支架置入治疗食管癌术后胸内食管吻合口瘘的临床经验。方法回顾性分析2005年1月至2009年12月上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院12例食管癌手术后发生胸内食管吻合口瘘经覆硅胶膜镍钛合金食管支架置入治疗的临床资料,其中男7例,女5例;平均年龄65(45～70)岁。胸内食管吻合口瘘发生于术后第5～28 d,均为单个漏口,漏口直径约0.2～1.0 cm。确诊食管吻合口瘘后给予支持治疗7 d,待病情稳定后置入覆硅胶膜镍钛合金食管支架,支架长5～12 cm,内径1.8～2.0 cm。结果术后因进食呛咳死于肺部感染1例。术后出现胸骨疼痛7例,支架移位3例,消化道出血1例,均经相应的治疗后好转或治愈。生存患者于置入食管支架后第3～15 d经口进食。随访11例,随访时间1～6个月,食管吻合口瘘愈合良好9例;支架移位1例,瘘口未愈合,术后4个月死于肿瘤复发;在回收食管支架过程中黏膜撕裂,致吻合口狭窄1例。结论带膜食管支架置入是治疗食管癌术后胸内食管吻合口瘘的一种有效方法。     

带膜食管支架置入后的远期疗效及并发症

我院自 1996年 4月至 2 0 0 0年 4月对 31例各种原因造成的食管狭窄 ,6例食管呼吸道瘘 ,1例化学灼伤患者放置了带膜食管支架。其中 36例有较为完整的随访资料 ,现报道如下。1.临床资料与方法 :本组男 2 1例 ,女 15例。年龄 5 2 0岁～ 6 7 0岁 ,平均5 7 5岁。其中食管癌或贲门癌术后单纯吻合口狭窄 2 4例 ,吻合口复发癌 3例 ,食管呼吸道瘘 6例[1] ,晚期食管癌 2例 ,化学灼伤 1例。本组患者均在咽部表面麻醉后 ,在Ｘ线监视下 ,经口放置带膜食管支架。支架直径 1 5～ 3 2ｃｍ ,长度 6 0～ 12 0ｃｍ。伴有食管明显狭窄者 ,先行气囊导管扩张术…     

应用镍钛记亿合金支架治疗食管狭窄31例

1997年 11月～ 2 0 0 1年 4月 ,我们应用镍钛记忆合金带膜食管支架置入治疗食管狭窄 31例 ,效果满意。1　临床资料与方法1.1　一般资料　本组共 31例 ,男 2 9例 ,女 2例 ;年龄 4 0～10 4岁。晚期食管癌 18例 ,放疗后狭窄 5例 ,术后吻合口狭窄3例 ;贲门癌 2例 ,术后吻合口狭窄 1例 ;外压性食管狭窄 2例。均经消化道 X线钡餐、纤维胃镜、病理检查证实诊断。所有患者吞咽困难 ,就诊时只能进流质食物 18例 ,滴水不入 13例。狭窄位于食管上段 8例 ,中段 14例 ,下段 6例 ,贲门癌 3例。狭窄段长度 3cm4例 ,4～ 5 cm16例 ,6～ 9cm11例。1.2　方法　…     

晚期食管癌病人食管内支架置入术的护理

对15例食管癌病人行MTN型钛镍形状记忆合金医用非血管腔道内支架置入术.结果15例病人均顺利置入支架,进食改善0级8例、1级5例、2级2例,术中未发生大出血、穿孔等近期并发症.随访1～18个月未发生支架变形移位、食物嵌塞等远期并发症.提出恰当的术前、术中、术后护理及出院指导,对于治疗的成功起着重要的作用.     

可回收覆膜食管支架在食管瘘中的应用体会

目的各种原因导致的食管瘘的临床治疗较为棘手,本研究旨在探讨可回收覆膜食管支架封堵瘘口的疗效和安全性。方法 2008年1月至2012年3月新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院胸外科共收治食管瘘患者47例,其中食管气管瘘23例,食管癌、贲门癌术后吻合口瘘11例,自发性食管破裂9例,食管肺瘘2例,食管纵隔瘘2例。于胃镜下置入可回收覆膜食管支架45例,并观察疗效。结果所有食管支架均一次性成功置入,无严重并发症发生。35例达到完全封堵,10例达到部分封堵。1个月内有3例支架出现不同程度移位,1例脱落至胃内,1例脱落至肠腔内。治疗时间5~85 d,平均治疗时间34 d。结论可回收覆膜食管支架能有效封堵食管瘘口,延长患者生命和提高生活质量。     

自膨式食管支架置入术后并发症的护理

自 1 990年 Domschke[1] 首次报道为吞咽困难病人置入自膨式食管支架 ( Self- Expanding MetalStent,SEMS)以来 ,SEMS安置已越来越多地应用于临床 ,作为晚期食管癌病人的姑息治疗 ,为晚期食管癌病人的营养供应提供了一条快捷而有效的方法 ,大大地提高了病人的生存质量。但在 SEMS的置入中存在值得注意的并发症。现将我院 1 999年 9月至 2 0 0 1年 2月收治的 2 1例 SEMS术后并发症的护理介绍如下。1　临床资料2 1例中 ,男 1 7例、女 4例 ,年龄 33～ 38岁 ,平均 42 .0岁。食管癌致食管狭窄 8例 ,食管癌术后吻合口狭窄 1 1例 ,肺癌纵…     

金属支架治疗食管癌术后吻合口狭窄的临床应用价值

目的:探讨金属支架治疗食管癌术后吻合口狭窄的临床价值。方法:采用内镜法,介入法,用国产镍钛合金带膜和不带膜支架治疗食管胃吻合口狭窄32例,吞咽状况困难分级评估。结果:支架置入术成功率100％,近期疗效满意,病人术后吞困难由2级、3级放善到0级,狭窄直径由0.3cm～0.5扩张到1.5cm～1.8cm,近期无严重并发出现。术后远期并发症发生率为50％,依次为再狭窄10例,支架移位6例。结论:食管胃良性吻合口狭窄应慎重使用支架置入术。     

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食管癌术后的吻合口狭窄在临床上常出现 ,病人有不同程度的吞咽困难 ,狭窄严重者进流食亦困难。我院自1998年开始 ,采用自膨式镍钛合金食管内支架治疗食管癌术后吻合口狭窄 5 5例 ,获得明显的临床疗效。现报道如下。1　材料与方法本组 5 5例中 ,男性 5 3例 ,女性 2例。年龄 5 2～ 76岁 ,平均 6 2 7岁。本组病例均为食管癌术后吻合口狭窄。根据文献[1] ,将病人临床表现的吞咽困难分为 0～ 3级 :0级 ,无吞咽困难。 1级 ,能进半流食。 2级 ,仅能进流食。 3级 ,吞咽流食和唾液亦有困难。本组病例治疗前均为 3级。支架置入的全部操作在Ｘ线监视…     

453例食管胃吻合无吻合口瘘的体会

我院 1992年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 12月行食管癌、贲门癌切除食管胃吻合 45 3例 ,未发生吻合口瘘 ,报告如下临床资料1.一般资料 :本组病例共 45 3例 ,男 2 67例 ,女 186例 ,年龄 3 6～ 78岁 ,平均 5 7.4岁。食管癌 3 0 2例 ,贲门癌 15 1例。其中 6例因进食困难脱水、电解质紊乱术前纠正 ;1例饮酒后大出血胃镜检查诊断食管癌术前纠正贫血。肿瘤根治切除后以手工缝合法行食管胃吻合、颈部吻合 2 76例 ,主动脉弓下吻合 177例。2 .手术方法 :根据食管肿瘤部位不同 ,在食管重建时采取颈部吻合或主动脉弓下吻合。肿瘤下缘距膈肌 3cm以上的食管癌采用颈…     

晚期食管癌带膜记忆合金支架植入术的并发症防治

目的　探讨晚期食管癌带膜记忆合金支架植入的并发症及其防治措施。方法　应用带膜记忆合金支架治疗晚期食管癌117例,其中76例术前检查发现失去手术机会,6 例食管癌放疗、化疗或术后吻合口复发,2例食管癌合并食管气管瘘,采用介入法放置支架;33例尚有手术探查指征,术中见肿瘤无法手术切除而于术中放置支架。观察近、远期并发症,并给予相应处理。结果　117 例患者植入支架131支,其中14例放置 2 枚支架。全组无手术死亡病例。近期并发症发生率为 40.2%(47/117),其中33例胸部膨胀感、钝痛,2 例室性心律失常,5 例支架移位,7 例出血。远期并发症发生率为18.6%(11/59),其中 2 例支架内食物堵塞,4 例出血,5 例肿瘤生长超过支架上端而再狭窄。除1例术后12天大呕血死亡外,其余均采取相应措施处理成功。结论　降低晚期食管癌带膜记忆合金支架植入并发症必须采取术前、术中和术后的综合防治措施。     

Double stenting for esophageal and tracheobronchial stenoses

Background. We examined the complications and outcomes of placing stents for both esophageal and tracheobronchial stenoses.

Methods. We placed stents for both esophageal and tracheobronchial stenoses in 8 patients (7 with esophageal cancer and 1 with lung cancer). Covered or noncovered metallic stents were used for the esophageal stenoses, except in 1 patient treated with a silicone stent. Silicone stents were used for the tracheobronchial stenoses. The grades of esophageal and tracheobronchial stenoses were scored.

Results. All patients experienced improvement of grades of both dysphagia and respiratory symptoms after stent therapy. The complications were: (1) 2 patients suffered respiratory distress after placement of the esophageal stent because of compression of the trachea by the stent; and (2) 3 patients developed new esophagotracheobronchial fistulae, and 2 patients had recurring fistula symptoms because of growth of preexisting fistulae after the stent placement, which were caused by pressure from the 2 stents. Despite the fistulae, the 5 patients treated with covered metallic stents did not complain of fistula symptoms, but 2 patients treated with noncovered metallic or silicone stents did complain.

Conclusions. For patients with both esophageal and tracheobronchial stenoses, a stent should be introduced into the tracheobronchus first. Because placement of stents in both the esophagus and tracheobronchus has a high risk of enlargement of the fistula, a covered metallic stent is preferable for esophageal cancer involving the tracheobronchus.     

覆膜支架在中晚期食管癌的应用53例

目的评价覆膜支架应用于中晚期不能切除的食管癌性狭窄的姑息治疗效果。方法进食困难的中晚期食管癌患者53例(其中8例为食管气管瘘),在X线透视下进行支架置入治疗,并随访6个月～1年。结果53例全部成功置入了被覆金属支架,术后病人的进食状况明显改善,生活质量有不同程度提高。结论置入食管被覆支架治疗中晚期食管癌性梗阻是一种安全、有效的姑息性治疗方法。     

全覆膜食管金属支架治疗高位食管疾病

目的评价全覆膜食管金属支架在高位食管狭窄和瘘以及术后吻合口狭窄和瘘治疗中的有效性和安全性。方法复旦大学附属中山医院内镜中心2005年5月至2013年7月间,应用16mm全覆膜食管金属支架对84例高位食管狭窄和瘘以及术后吻合口狭窄和瘘进行治疗。其中食管癌性狭窄31例,食管外压性狭窄2例,食管癌放疗后狭窄10例,食管癌术后复发致狭窄4例,吻合口狭窄27例,内镜黏膜下剥离术后食管狭窄1例,食管．气管瘘7例,食管一纵隔瘘1例,食管癌术后残胃瘘1例。狭窄或瘘口上缘距中切牙距离15～20cm者48例,大于20cm者36例。结果84例患者共置入100枚支架,术中无出血和穿孔等并发症发生。支架置入术后患者吞咽困难、呛咳症状均迅速缓解。术后并发症发生率为6．0％（5／84）,其中严重胸痛2例,经止痛药物缓解;气管塌陷1例,予气管切开术;支架移位2例,内镜下应用异物钳对支架位置进行调整。76例（90．5％）患者获得完整随访,5-3％（4／76）的患者出现再狭窄,2．6％（2／76）新发食管．气管瘘;其中5例接受再次内镜下置入全覆膜金属支架术并获成功,另1例经沙氏探条扩张及氩离子凝固术治疗效果满意。结论全覆膜食管金属支架治疗高位食管狭窄和瘘以及术后吻合口狭窄和瘘安全、有效,可考虑作为临床首选。     

The use of self-expanding silicone stents in esophageal cancer care: optimal pre-, peri-, and postoperative care

Background  Preoperative nutritional supplementation, management of esophageal leaks, and postoperative anastomotic strictures still remain common problems in the management of esophageal cancer. Jejunal feeding tubes, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with nasogastric suction, and repeated esophageal dilations remain the most common treatments, respectively. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of removable silicone stents in (1) the preoperative nutritional optimization during neoadjuvant therapy, (2) the management of perioperative anastomotic leak, and (3) the management of postoperative anastomotic strictures. Methods  Review of our prospectively maintained esophageal database identified 15 patients who had removable self-expanding silicone stents placed in the management of one of these three management problems from July 2004 to August 2006. Results  Preoperative therapy: Five patients underwent initial stent placement in preparation for neoadjuvant therapy. Dysphagia relief was seen in 100% of patients, with optimal caloric needs taken within 24 h of placement. All patients tolerated neoadjuvant therapy without delay from dehydration or malnutrition. One stent migration was found at the time of operation, which was removed without sequelae. Perioperative therapy: Five patients developed delayed (>10 days) esophageal leaks that were managed with removable esophageal stent and percutaneous drainage (in three patients). All patients had successful exclusion of the leak on the day of the procedure with resumption of oral intake on the evening of procedure. All five healed leaks without sequelae. Postoperative therapy: Five patients developed postoperative anastomotic strictures that required dilation and placement of removable esophageal stent. The median number of dilations was 1 (range 1–2), with all stents placed for approximate 3 months duration. All patients had immediate dysphagia relief after stent placement. Conclusion  Removable esophageal stents are novel treatment option to optimize relief of symptoms and return the patients back to a more normal oral intake. Continued evaluation is needed to consider stent use as first-line therapy.     

Palliation of anastomotic obstructions in recurrent gastric carcinoma with the use of covered metallic stents: clinical results in 25 patients

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the technical feasibility and the clinical effectiveness of the placement of covered self-expandable metallic stents for the treatment of anastomotic obstructions in recurrent gastric carcinoma. METHODS: With fluoroscopic guidance, covered stents were placed in 25 patients with recurrent gastric carcinoma for the palliation of obstructions at anastomotic sites (14 gastrojejunostomy, 11 esophagojejunostomy). All patients had severe nausea and recurrent vomiting before the stent placement. RESULTS: Stent placement was technically successful in 24 patients (96%). After stent placement, symptoms improved in all 24 patients. During the follow-up of 2 to 65 weeks (mean, 13.7 weeks), stent migration occurred in 1 patient 16 days after the procedure. He needed percutaneous catheter drainage because of an abscess, which was followed by esophagojejunostomy site rupture during a second stent trial. Stricture recurred in 4 patients because of tumor overgrowth 10 to 55 weeks after the procedure; all patients underwent coaxial placement of a second stent and had good oral intake. CONCLUSIONS: The placement of covered expandable metallic stents seems to be both technically feasible and an effective means for the palliation of anastomotic obstructions in recurrent gastric carcinoma. This procedure can be considered to be the primary choice for the palliation in those patients.     

Use of self-expandable metal stents for the treatment of esophageal perforations and anastomotic leaks

Background  Esophageal perforations and extensive anastomotic leaks after esophageal resection or gastrectomy are surgical emergencies with high mortality rates. In recent years, the use of self-expanding metallic stents (SEMS) has emerged as a promising treatment alternative for bridging and sealing the damage. This study aimed to evaluate the role of covered SEMS for the management of esophageal perforations and anastomotic leaks. Methods  All esophageal stent placement procedures (174 procedures for 157 patients) at the authors’ unit between January 1999 and April 2008 were assessed by a retrospective chart review. Of the 157 patients, 10 (6.4%) were treated with SEMS for sealing of an iatrogenic esophageal perforation (n = 4), a spontaneous esophageal rupture in Boerhaave’s syndrome (n = 4), or an anastomotic leakage (n = 2). Results  The median time from perforation or anastomotic leak to stent insertion was 13 days (range, 2 h to 48 days). The esophageal leak was totally sealed for 8 (80%) of 10 patients. The overall mortality rate was 50% (n = 5), and three (30%) of the five deaths were related to the perforation (n = 2) or leakage (n = 1). In both of the perforation cases, the diagnosis and treatment were substantially delayed. One patient with an anastomotic leak after gastrectomy died of the complication despite successful operative and SEMS treatment. Two of the deaths were unrelated to the perforation. In both cases, the cause of death was a disseminated malignant disease. Conclusions  Traumatic perforations and anastomotic leaks can be treated effectively with covered SEMS together with adequate drainage of the thoracic cavity even in cases of severely ill patients with inveterate esophageal perforations and leaks.     

三种类型腔内管置管术姑息治疗晚期食管癌的对照研究

目的：评价自制腔内管,ＷＣＥＰ系列腔内管,带膜Ｇｉａｎｔｕｒｃｏ Ｚ支架三者姑息治疗晚期食管癌的优缺点。方法：按应用腔内管的类型不同分成自制管组,ＷＣＥＰ组,ＳＥＭＳ组,从置管术条件的需求,技术成功率,吞咽功能改善情况,并发症发生率等方面进行临床对照研究。结果;各组的成功率差异无显著性。     

非自扩支架与自扩金属支架治疗难治性食管良性狭窄的对照研究

目的 评价非自扩支架及自扩金属支架治疗难治性食管良性狭窄的疗效及其优缺点。方法 按应用食管支架类型的不同,分成非自扩支架组（23例）、自扩金属支架（SEMS）组（16例）,从技术成功率、吞咽功能改善情况、支架的脱落情况、并发症发生率等方面进行临床对照研究。结果 全组随访4－60个月,中位数12个月。全组吞咽功能状态：支架置入术前15、21、3例分别为2、3、4级,支架置入术后27、12例分别为0、1级,吞咽功能明显改善（z=-5.531,P=0.000),取得满意的按期效果。非自扩支架及SEMS均可明显改善患的进食状态。两组的技术成功率均为100％;置支架术后吞咽功能状态两组差异无显性意义（P＝0．107）。非自扩支架组、SEMS组初次置入支架脱落的发生率分别为82．6％（19／23）、6．3％（1／16）,差异有显性意义（P＝0．000）,再狭窄发生率分别为34．6％、31．3％,差异无显性意义（P＝1．000）,但再狭窄的原因不同。结论 对于难治性食管良性狭窄,可采用支架治疗,选用非自扩支架在安全性及远期疗效上均优于SEMS。     

Stenting large bowel obstruction avoids a stoma: consecutive series of 100 patients

Aim Large bowel obstruction (LBO) is a surgical emergency that requires urgent operative intervention and often a stoma. The introduction of a self‐expanding metallic stent provides an alternative for this group of patients. The aim of this study was to assess prospectively the results in the first 100 consecutive patients with LBO undergoing attempted self‐expanding metallic stent insertion at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia. Method A prospective consecutive uncontrolled trial of 100 patients having an attempted self‐expanding metallic stent insertion for LBO was performed after institutional ethical approval. Results The mean age was 63.9 years (range 16–95). Primary colorectal cancer was the most common cause of LBO (61%). A self‐expanding metallic stent was inserted with a palliative intent in 89% of patients. An initial technical success rate of 87% was achieved. Overall 30‐day mortality was 7% (95% CI, 3.4–13.7%), with only one stent‐related death within 30 days of stent insertion. Morbidity occurred in 20% of patients. Surgery was avoided in 69 patients and permanent stoma was avoided in 72 patients. The median follow up was 34.5 months (range 1–64 months). Conclusion In this uncontrolled study, self‐expanding metallic stents had a low morbidity and a low procedure‐related mortality. A randomized controlled trial has commenced in our institution, in which length of stay, quality of life, morbidity and mortality of patients with stents are compared with those of patients having open procedures during palliative care for LBO.