血管腔内旋切术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症

使用瑞士产Straub旋切仪对28例下肢动脉闭塞症（31支闭塞动脉）行血管腔内旋切术，术后对残留血管狭窄行支架置入术，共放置16枚血管内支架。结果完全开通者27支（87．1％），部分开通3支（9．7％），未开通1支；12枚支架因原有狭窄或旋切后残留狭窄放置，4枚因旋切后内膜损伤放置。1例胭动脉闭塞开通成功后造影发现闭塞段血管穿孔，经压迫止血后恢复。随访3～23个月，1例术后5h因心肌梗死死亡，4例症状复发。认为血管腔内旋切术治疗下肢动脉闭塞症是一种简便可行、安全、有效的介入治疗新方法。     

腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层210例分析

目的评价腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层的疗效和安全性。方法收集2002年4月至2010年10月于沈阳军区总医院行主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层210例资料,年龄(53.4±11.1)岁。经股动脉切开置入覆膜支架封堵胸主动脉破裂口,置入后造影检查证实疗效;合并严重冠状动脉狭窄者于腔内隔绝术后3～7 d完成经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)。观察介入治疗的疗效。结果腔内隔绝术成功率100%,共置入208枚主体覆膜支架及13枚cuff支架。20例患者完全封闭左锁骨下动脉开口,无左上肢及脑供血不足症状。26例患者行PCI成功率100%,对32支靶血管共置入36枚冠状动脉支架,无出血、心肌梗死等并发症。患者术后平均随访(60±35)个月,随访率96.6%(201/208)。33例出现腔内隔绝术后综合征,13例术后有残余内漏,其中8例残余内漏于术后3个月自行封闭。术后半年,3例再发升主动脉夹层,1例发生截瘫。术后1年,1例发生迟发性内漏。行PCI患者无主要心脏不良事件发生。本组共死亡6例,其中与腔内隔绝术有关死亡4例,分别发生在术后1 h、术后5 d、出院后2 d、15 d,与腔内隔绝术无关死亡2例,分别问胃癌晚期和肺心病。结论腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层近期及长期疗效好、并发症低。合并冠心病患者择期二次行PCI安全可行。     

覆膜支架治疗37例Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层的疗效分析

目的:分析覆膜支架腔内修复治疗Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层的临床疗效。方法:对2015年1月至2016年12月收治的37例因Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层行覆膜支架腔内修复术患者的病历资料进行回顾性分析,其中男性29例,女性8例。术前诊断依据临床表现及CT血管造影(CTA),术中造影再次评估病变部位及解剖位置,切开股动脉,行覆膜内支架置入,封堵原发破口,手术成功后再次造影检查。结果:37例患者共置入支架37枚,全部获得成功。术中造影见少量内漏4例,3例经支架近端球囊扩张后内漏消失,1例无需特殊处理。患者临床症状均明显改善,降主动脉及腹主动脉真腔明显扩大。结论:采用覆膜支架腔内修复术治疗Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层安全、创伤小、恢复快,临床效果显著。     

腔内隔绝术对DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层的治疗

目的:总结腔内隔绝术治疗DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层适应证的选择、临床疗效以及探讨并发症的防治原则。方法:采用TALENT带膜支架施行主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层患者22例(其中1例病因为EhlersDanlos综合征),从发病至手术间隔时间为7h～10年。并发高血压18例,冠心病、心绞痛3例,2型糖尿病1例,脑卒中史2例,并发胸腔积液2例。结果:22例患者共置入23枚覆膜支架。术中无一例死亡。3例术中出现明显内漏,2例予球囊扩张,1例再置入1枚短支架后内漏消失。所有患者主动脉夹层破口均成功隔绝,技术成功率达100%。1例EhlersDanlos综合征患者,在成功隔绝主动脉后出现支架置入所经股动脉、髂外动脉、髂总动脉、腹主动脉广泛血管撕裂,失血性休克,予以抗休克处理及施行急诊人造血管置换术,患者病情好转恢复。术后3～6个月随访,所有患者复查螺旋CT示假腔径缩小并见腔内血栓形成,真腔径增大,无瘤体破裂、内漏及支架移位等并发症发生。结论:腔内隔绝术治疗DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层具有技术可靠、创伤小、术后恢复快、成功率高等优点,尤其适用不能耐受传统开胸手术的老年高危患者。施行腔内隔绝术治疗EhlersDanlos综合征的血管并发症、手术并发症及疗效有待进一步观察。     

症状性脑动脉狭窄血管内支架成形术术前术后的护理体会

目的 总结和探讨血管内支架成形术治疗症状性脑动脉狭窄的临床护理问题.方法 回顾和分析34例症状性脑动脉狭窄患者血管内支架成形术的术前、术中和术后护理工作.结果 34例症状性脑动脉狭窄患者行38处血管内支架成形术,成功置入37枚支架.手术成功率97.37%;术中1例出现血管痉挛,1例出现造影剂过敏;术后2例手术穿刺点血肿,1例出现高灌注综合征,全部病例经治疗痊愈出院.结论 术前认真做好相关准备及心理护理,术中和术后密切观察病情变化及细致的护理是预防和减少并发症,提高手术成功率的关键.     

介入治疗非ST段抬高的急性冠状动脉综合征

目的　观察介入治疗非ST段抬高的急性冠状动脉综合征 (acutecoronarysyndromes ,ACS)的安全性及临床效果。方法　 16 5例ACS患者 ,接受急诊介入治疗的 89例 ,经内科治疗病情改善后再介入治疗的 76例。所有“罪犯”病变均予治疗 ,其中 4 1例患者同时接受了“罪犯”与非“罪犯”病变血管的治疗。介入方法有经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术 (PTCA) +支架、直接植入支架及切割球囊扩张。结果　 16 5处“罪犯”病变PTCA后植入支架 134枚 ,直接植入支架 4 8枚。术后残余狭窄均 <10 % ;前向血流达TIMI 3级 ;136例患者心绞痛消失 ,11例有不典型胸痛 ,2 4h后消失 ;术前仅有胸闷症状的 18例患者 ,术后 15例消失 ,3例减轻 ;无术中死亡及急诊冠状动脉旁路移植术 (CABG)病例。随访 139例患者 2～ 18个月 ,2 0例再发心绞痛 ,有 14例冠状动脉造影提示再狭窄 ,其中 11例再次行PTCA ,1例PTCA +支架 ,2例接受外科CABG ;无急性心肌梗死、猝死及心功能恶化发生。结论　在条件具备的介入中心 ,由经验丰富和技术娴熟的介入治疗医生施行或在其指导下 ,对非ST段抬高的ACS患者进行介入治疗是积极有效的治疗措施 ,近、远期临床效果较满意 ,手术成功率及安全性较高     

术中植入金属支架解除不宜切除肿瘤所致消化道便阻

目的探索术中姑息性解除无法切除肿瘤患者的消化道梗阻,改革传统改道吻合引流的手术方法,提高术后引流通畅率并减少并发症.方法外科剖腹术中探查明确不宜作肿瘤切除且已有消化道梗阻或有消化道梗阻倾向者,在将肿瘤病灶匡置的同时于狭窄、梗阻的消化道管腔近端2cm处剖-1.5cm～2.5cm小口并吸尽腔内胆汁、胃液或肠内容物;用探条尖端顶住梗阻部位潜在腔隙,将超滑导丝经其孔径插入直至挤过狭窄段进入远端肠腔并经手捏肠管证实导丝在远端肠腔无误;经导丝引入扩张探条行预扩张后退出探条将塑料软管套配其上再次经导丝引导塞入狭窄段;保留塑料软管及导丝,退出扩张探条;选择合适支架将一端聚拢塞入塑料软管并用推送管将支架近端推送至距狭窄段2cm左右;固定推送管后撤塑料管直至塑料管退出、支架完全释放;缝合胃、肠管(或胆管)切口,清洗腹腔后逐层缝合腹壁及皮肤.结果11例患者共术中植入金属支架9枚,其中胆道支架4枚,胃幽门部及十二指肠支架5枚,结肠支架2枚.术后所有患者梗阻症状均获解除,经随访1mo～5mo均未再出现原狭窄部位梗阻表现,也未出现与支架植入相关的并发症.结论术中植入金属支架对姑息性解除无法切除肿瘤患者的消化道梗阻,改革传统手术方法减轻手术创伤、提高术后引流通畅率并减少并发症具有积极意义.     

锁骨下动脉狭窄性疾病的介入治疗

目的探讨锁骨下动脉狭窄或闭塞性疾病的介入治疗疗效。方法回顾分析55例锁骨下动脉狭窄或闭塞病变行血管内介入治疗的临床资料。结果46例锁骨下动脉狭窄病变（狭窄率〉70%）成功置入支架,9例闭塞锁骨下动脉中8例成功置入支架。46例经股动脉置入支架,8例经肱动脉逆行置入支架。锁骨下动脉支架成功置入后肱动脉及桡动脉搏动良好,伴有盗血现象的13例患者症状消失。随访发现5例锁骨下动脉支架置入后9~12个月再狭窄,后再置入5枚支架,血管开通良好。结论应用血管内支架治疗锁骨下动脉狭窄或闭塞是一种微创、安全、有效的治疗方法,有望成为主要的治疗手段。     

腔内隔绝术治疗胸主动脉假性动脉瘤16例临床分析

目的探讨主动脉假性动脉瘤的临床特征,评价腔内隔绝术治疗主动脉假性动脉瘤的疗效及安全性。方法 2008年7月至2013年9月于沈阳军区总医院行主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗主动脉假性动脉瘤的患者16例。男13例,女3例,年龄(61.2±11.5)岁。经股动脉切开植入覆膜支架封堵主动脉假性动脉瘤破口,主动脉造影确认疗效;合并严重冠状动脉狭窄的患者,于腔内隔绝术后3~7 d完成经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)。观察主动脉疾病患者介入治疗的疗效。结果主动脉腔内隔绝术操作成功率为100%,共植入14枚主体覆膜支架及4枚短体覆膜支架,16例患者均无残余内漏。1例患者部分封闭左锁骨下动脉开口,左上肢血供无缺血症状。2例冠状动脉严重病变患者,1例行冠状动脉旁路移植术,1例行植入支架治疗。围术期无出血、心肌梗死、死亡等并发症。术后平均随访(68±29)个月,随访率为87.5%(14/16)。1例患者术后3个月发生脑出血,1例患者术后6个月发现胃癌化疗治疗病情稳定,于术后12个月发生截瘫,目前已失去行动能力。冠心病患者无心绞痛发作,无复查冠状动脉造影患者,无MACE发生。随访期间共死亡患者4例(25%),明确主动脉血管破裂死亡2例(12.5%)。结论主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗主动脉假性动脉瘤,创伤小、近期及长期疗效好,并发症低。合并冠心病患者择期二次行PCI安全可行。     

症状性锁骨下动脉狭窄或闭塞的腔内治疗效果分析

目的 探讨症状性锁骨下动脉窃血综合征患者血管腔内技术治疗的临床有效性和安全性。方法 选取首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院血管外科2011年1月至2015年8月收治的症状性锁骨下动脉狭窄或闭塞患者38例,其中男27例,女11例;平均年龄为（66.2±10.8）岁。患者均表现为头晕等神经系统症状,部分合并上肢缺血症状。运用血管腔内技术,对锁骨下动脉进行球囊扩张成形及支架植入术。结果 36例患者均成功植入球扩式支架,术后双上肢收缩压差显著改善,神经系统症状消失或改善33例,无效2例,1例术中发生脑梗死,经康复锻炼后好转;2例操作没成功,保守治疗。随访期间再狭窄3例,支架断裂1例。结论 严格掌握适应证,采用腔内技术治疗锁骨下动脉狭窄或闭塞的神经系统症状安全有效,操作简单。     

Percutaneous transhepatic metallic stent placement for malignant portal vein stenosis

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We investigated the safety and efficacy of percutaneous transhepatic angioplasty with self-expanding metallic stent implantation to treat malignant portal vein stenosis. METHODOLOGY: Since 1995, we have performed metallic stent implantation in 7 cases of malignant portal vein stenosis (cholangioma, 3 cases; and cancer of the hepatic hilum, pancreatic cancer, metastatic liver tumor, and hepatocellular carcinoma, 1 case each) and in 1 case of obstruction by local recurrence of a hilar tumor. In the 7 cases of portal vein stenosis, a Wallstent was implanted percutaneously transhepatically. In the case of portal vein obstruction, a Gianturco-Rosch Z stent was implanted via the ileocolic vein during laparotomy. RESULTS: There were no complications related to stent placement, and the portal vein pressure decreased after stent implantation in all cases. The patency of the stent was documented by ultrasonography in all 7 cases of portal vein stenosis and was confirmed at autopsy in two cases. No patient treated for portal vein stenosis developed symptoms of portal hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous transhepatic angioplasty with stent insertion is a safe and useful treatment for malignant portal vein stenosis and preserves quality of life by preventing symptoms of portal hypertension.     

Drug-eluting stent for recurrent mesenteric artery in-stent restenosis.

PURPOSE: To report the use of a drug-eluting stent (DES) for treatment of symptomatic in-stent restenosis (ISR) in the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). CASE REPORT: A 79-year-old woman suffering from chronic renal failure and needing dialysis was admitted for vomiting, postprandial abdominal pain, and weight loss for 3 months. Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) documented massive calcification of the vascular bed, mainly in the aorta, and a very tight ostial stenosis of the SMA. A 4.5-x20-mm Genesis stent was deployed at the ostium, with good angiographic result and immediate symptomatic benefit. After 3 months, symptoms recurred; angiography demonstrated ISR. Percutaneous angioplasty with a 4-x15-mm cutting balloon was performed. The patient remained asymptomatic for only 2 months; recurrent ISR at this time was treated with a 3.5-x24-mm coronary TAXUS Express paclitaxel-eluting coronary stent deployed inside the previously implanted stent. Under prolonged double antiplatelet regimen, the patient was asymptomatic at the 8-month follow-up; CTA demonstrated patency of the SMA. CONCLUSION: Considering the high rate of restenosis and the periprocedural complications described with endovascular treatment of SMA stenosis, a drug-eluting stent may be a good option not only for the treatment of restenosis but also in de novo lesions, at least when the vessel diameter is <4.5 mm.     

Treatment of pulmonary artery compression due to fibrous mediastinitis with endovascular stent placement

We present the case of a 32-year-old woman with high-grade right pulmonary artery stenosis secondary to fibrous mediastinitis. The patient was managed with balloon angioplasty and stent placement. Only 15 cases of this nature have been reported in the literature, and this is one of the first to be managed with endovascular stent placement.     

Cutting balloon versus conventional balloon angioplasty in short femoropopliteal arterial stenoses

PURPOSE: To compare midterm results of cutting balloon angioplasty (CBA) to conventional percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for the treatment of short femoropopliteal arterial stenosis. METHODS: Between February 2004 and June 2006, 84 consecutive patients (49 men; mean age 68.5 years, range 53-89) with a total of 142 focal (<3 cm), calcified femoropopliteal occlusive lesions underwent endovascular treatment via an antegrade approach: 40 patients (67 lesions) were treated with PTA and 44 patients (75 lesions) underwent CBA. Follow-up consisted of clinical examination and color duplex ultrasonography at intervals to 2 years. RESULTS: All treatments were technically successfully, without any major complication. In 4 (6%) of 67 lesions treated with PTA, a self-expanding stent was implanted due to a flow-limiting dissection; no patient treated with CBA had recoil, dissection, or arterial tears requiring stent placement. In the PTA group, primary and secondary patency rates, respectively, were 91.0% and 95.5% at 6 months, 83.1% and 92.4% at 12 months, and 66.6% and 76.5% at 2 years. In the CBA patients, the primary and secondary patency rates, respectively, were 93.2% and 95.9% at 6 months, 90.4% (p<0.001 versus PTA at same interval) and 94.5% at 12 months, and 79.7% (p<0.001) and 85.6% (p<0.001) at 2 years. CONCLUSION: CBA seems to be a valuable tool in the endovascular treatment of short femoropopliteal stenotic lesions, achieving better patency at midterm compared to conventional PTA.     

孤立性腹腔干与肠系膜上动脉夹层二例并文献复习

目的 探讨孤立性腹腔干及肠系膜上动脉(SMA)夹层的诊断及治疗方法.方法 收集中山大学附属第三医院收治的2例孤立性腹腔干并SMA夹层的临床资料,并结合文献报道的119例病例,对孤立性内脏动脉夹层(IDVA)的诊断及治疗方法进行分析总结.结果 119例IDVA中69例存在相关症状,全部病例均由增强CT或MRI检查确诊.发现IDVA后,采取外科治疗8例,支架置入术5例,保守治疗106例,均取得满意疗效.本组2例患者亦由CT检查发现,并经血管造影证实,1例行降压、抗凝治疗,1例行支架置入术,随访中均无不适.结论 腹腔增强CT或MRI检查是诊断IDVA的主要方法.大部分IDVA可选择保守治疗,但需密切CT随访病变情况;对于动脉破裂、管腔阻塞及保守治疗中夹层进展者,需行腔内介入治疗或外科手术治疗.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of isolated celiac artery (CA) dissection and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) dissection.MethodsIntegrating clinical data of 119 cases with isolated dissection of the visceral arteries ( IDVA ) reported in literature and 2 patients with spontaneous isolated dissections of both CA and SMA treated in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,the diagnosis and treatment of IDVA were analyzed retrospectively.Results Among 119 cases reported in the literature,69 cases were symptomatic.All of the cases were diagnosed by contrast-enhanced abdominal CT or MRI.After IDVA was discovered,surgical treatment and endovascular stent placement was performed in 8 and 5 patients respectively,although the remaining 106 patients were managed conservatively with good results.In our 2 cases,the diagnosis of CA and SMA dissection was established by contrastenhanced CT and confirmed by conventional angiograghy.One patient was treated with anticoagulation and antihypertension,and the other patient was treated with endovascular stenting.Both of the patients didn't have discomfort during the follow-up period of 12 and 3 months respectively.ConclusionsContrastenhanced abdominal CT is the main tool for detection of IDVA.Most of the patients with IDVA can be managed conservatively,but close surveillance with imaging studies is necessary for early recognition of dissection progression.Patients with persistent or relapsed symptoms,and dissection progression,should undergo surgical or endovascular treatment.     

Role for endovascular therapy in chronic mesenteric ischemia

Chronic mesenteric ischemia is a rare condition that is caused by stenosis or occlusion of the mesenteric arteries and usually manifests as abdominal pain. While surgical revascularization has been the standard treatment for symptomatic patients, recent advances in interventional devices and techniques have made endovascular treatment feasible and effective. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with stent placement is now recognized as a minimally invasive means of obtaining good long-term results with an acceptable recurrence rate; consequently, the technique is suggested for the primary treatment of chronic mesenteric ischemia. The present article discusses the indications and principles of endovascular treatment, and reviews the literature, with emphasis on short- and long-term outcomes, particularly morbidity and mortality rates.     

症状性前循环颅内动脉狭窄的血管内治疗

目的探讨前循环颅内动脉狭窄患者经皮腔内血管成形术(PTA)及经皮腔内血管成形支架置入术(PTAS)治疗的效果。方法39例(男31例,女8例)经药物治疗无效、反复短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)或有明显脑缺血症状的前循环颅内动脉狭窄患者,经数字减影血管造影术(DSA)诊断后,行PTA或PTAS治疗。术后常规给予抗血小板治疗,DSA及经颅多普勒超声(TCD)进行影像学随访。结果39例前循环颅内动脉狭窄患者行PTA或PTAS均获成功,术后残余狭窄程度均<20%,临床脑缺血症状和体征明显改善。1例患者术中见对比剂外泄但无明显临床症状,且恢复良好,余患者无并发症发生。临床随访无TIA或脑梗死再发,其中2例行DSA复查、19例行TCD复查,均无再狭窄发生。结论PTA或PTAS治疗前循环颅内动脉狭窄是可行、安全、有效的。     

Use of coronary artery stents in the treatment of internal carotid artery stenosis at the base of the skull

The management of high-grade stenosis involving the petrosal segment of the internal carotid artery has been limited to angioplasty alone in the past. However, if angioplasty fails or has less than optimum results, then endovascular stent placement should be considered. We present the first two known cases in which the Multi-Link coronary stent was used for the treatment of internal carotid disease in the petrosal segment. The first patient had symptomatic stenosis that failed angioplasty after seven months and the second patient had a symptomatic lesion that dissected upon angioplasty. The flexibility and low profile characteristics of the stent allowed it to be safely deployed with balloon expansion. No complications occurred and the patients tolerated the procedure. Patients were carefully monitored and no new neurologic events in six months of follow up occurred. These cases reveal the good clinical results of stent placement for surgically-inaccessible lesions of the internal carotid artery in the skull base. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 45: 434–438, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Atherosclerotic occlusive extracranial vertebral artery disease: indications for intervention, endovascular techniques, short-term and long-term results

BACKGROUND: Atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the vertebral artery (VA) affects a significant proportion of patients with cerebrovascular disease and can cause significant morbidity and mortality despite maximal medical therapy. Careful selection of both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients for intervention based on neurological symptoms, as well as anatomical and hemodynamic considerations, is essential. METHODS: To achieve proper results with angioplasty and stenting, standard endovascular techniques are modified for the unique anatomical considerations of the VA. Several technical nuances are described here to aid in the endoluminal revascularization of the VA. RESULTS: Technical success (<50% residual diameter stenosis) rates ranging from 94 to 98% and low rates of periprocedural complications have been achieved with VA angioplasty and stenting in select series with angiographic follow-up. The long-term success in those series is limited by the high (10-43%) rate of recurrent stenosis. Proper placement of the stent can reduce the risk of periprocedural complications and restenosis. In-stent stenosis appears most commonly during the first 6-12 months after stent placement, but does not appear to correlate with return of neurological symptoms. We believe the high rate of recurrent stenosis makes follow-up angiography essential, especially in the first 12 months after the procedure. CONCLUSION: Endovascular VA angioplasty with stent placement provides an innovative approach to treat a difficult clinical entity. Evolving therapies, including drug-eluting stents or bioresorbable stents, may prove to provide better long-term results.