胃肠道间质瘤的临床病理特征及诊治体会

对46例胃肠道间叶组织肿瘤进行病理形态观察,并进行免疫组化标记,发现胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)35例、平滑肌源性肿瘤9例、神经鞘瘤2例.35例GIST免疫组化表型Vimentin、CD117、CD34蛋白阳性率较高.GIST极低度、低度、中度、高度侵袭危险性分别为5、7、15、8例.35例GIST均行根治手术或局部切除,约48.6%的患者愈后较差.认为GIST的诊断有赖于病理组织学与免疫组化的结合,手术切除为主辅以甲磺酸伊马替尼化疗是最有效的治疗手段.     

36例胃肠道间质瘤的临床诊治

目的 总结胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）的临床诊疗经验和病理学特征.方法 回顾性分析1995年1月至2005年4月收治的36例GIST的临床和病理资料.结果 最常见临床表现为腹部隐痛不适19例,消化道出血12例,腹部包块7例.最常见病变部位为胃26例,小肠8例.病程1天～2年.肿块平均直径7.2 cm.CD117阳性29例,CD34阳性30例.总的随访率为31/36（86.1%）,11例死亡.结论 GIST术前确诊较困难,确诊主要依靠病理学观察和免疫组化检测,联合CD117和CD34检测可提高GIST诊断.手术完整切除肿瘤是治疗GIST的关键.     

53例胃肠道间叶性肿瘤内镜特点及病理研究

目的 观察53例胃肠道间叶性肿瘤的内镜和病理特点,加强对间叶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断.方法 收集53例胃肠道间叶性肿瘤患者的影像、病理资料,并完成CD117、CD34、SMA和Desmin的免疫组化检查,分析胃肠道间叶性肿瘤的临床、内镜、病理和免疫组化特征.结果 间质瘤和平滑肌源性肿瘤在内镜超声中有一定的影像学特点;胃和食管发生间质瘤和平滑肌瘤比例高于消化道其他部位,分别为64.71%和68.42%;间质瘤中CD117和CD34为弥漫性阳性表达,SMA和Desmin阳性表达率较低,但在小肠病例中SMA表达较CD34高;平滑肌源性肿瘤中SMA和Desmin呈弥漫阳性表达,而CD117和CD34的表达显著低于间质瘤;同时根据相关性分析证实,Desmin阴性对间质瘤的诊断意义增强,CD117和CD34阴性有利于平滑肌瘤的诊断.结论 内镜超声检查结合CD117、CD34、SMA和Desmin的联合检测可以提高对梭状细胞形态的间叶性肿瘤的诊断准确性.     

265例胃肠道间叶源性肿瘤的临床病理特征及超声内镜诊断价值

目的探讨胃肠道间叶源性肿瘤（gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumor,GIMT）的临床病理特征及超声内镜（edoscopic ultrasonography,EUS）的诊断价值.方法观察265例GIMT病理特征并检测CD117、CD34、平滑肌肌动蛋白（SMA）、S-100、Ki-67等抗体的表达情况,确诊后回顾其中32例术前EUS检查结果.结果 265例GIMT中胃肠道间质瘤（gastrointestinal stromal tumor,GIST）146例,平滑肌（肉）瘤（leiomyoma or leiomyosarcoma）113例,神经源性肿瘤6例.免疫组化结果：GIST以CD117阳性132/146（90.4%）和CD34阳性109/146（74.7%）为主,SMA和S-100分别在平滑肌（肉）瘤和神经鞘膜瘤中强阳性表达,9例GIST中7例Ki-67阳性且伴较多有丝分裂,病理诊断为交界性或恶性GIST.交界性、恶性GIST多见于男性患者.EUS对GIST、平滑肌瘤的定位准确率为96.9%,诊断准确率84.4%,良恶性鉴别准确率71.9%.结论 GIMT主要为GIST.形态上类似的GIST与平滑肌瘤及神经鞘膜瘤区别可用CD117、CD34、SMA、S-100等多种免疫组化标记物.联用Ki-67表达和有丝分裂数判断间质瘤的良恶性的敏感性、特异性高.EUS对于GIMT的诊断及良恶性鉴别有一定的应用价值,结合EUS引导下细针穿刺（EUS-FNA）活检是未来的诊断选择.     

胃肠道间质瘤临床病理特点及诊治分析

目的 探讨胃肠道间质瘤(gastrointestinal stromal tumors,GIST)的临床病理特点及诊治情况.方法 对31例GIST患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 全部患者均行手术治疗.31例GIST患者发生部位以胃(19例,61.35%)和空肠(6例,19.3%)为主.首发症状以腹痛、腹胀(20例,64.5%)和消化道出血(12例,38.7%)、腹部包块(8例,25.8%)为主要表现.病理报告良性13例,潜在恶性2例,恶性16例.免疫组化CD 117阳性28例(90.3%),CD34阳性26例(83.9%).结论 (1)GIST消化道症状无特异性,术前确诊率低,易造成误诊.(2)CD 117和CD 34阳性可以作为GIST的诊断标志.(3)治疗应以局部切除为主,恶性者应扩大切除范围.     

CD34、CD117和Ki67在老年胃肠道间质瘤中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨CD34、CD117和Ki67在老年胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)中的表达及临床意义。方法 收集经手术切除的GIST组织标本及瘤旁组织71例，采用免疫组化法测定CD34、CD117和Ki67蛋白表达。比较GIST组织与瘤旁组织CD34、CD117和Ki67蛋白阳性表达；比较不同危险度分级CD34、CD117和Ki67蛋白阳性表达情况；比较不同病理特征CD34、CD117和Ki67蛋白阳性表达。结果 GIST组织CD34、CD117、Ki67蛋白阳性率显著高于瘤旁组织(P<0.05)。危险度分级越高，CD34、CD117和Ki67蛋白阳性表达越多(P<0.05)。不同性别、不同肿瘤部位、不同肿瘤组织类型、不同肿瘤直径、不同肿瘤数目CD34、CD117和Ki67蛋白阳性表达无显著差异(均P>0.05);周围浸润CD34、CD117和Ki67蛋白阳性表达显著高于无周围浸润(P<0.05);肿瘤血管CD34、CD117和Ki67蛋白阳性表达显著高于无肿瘤血管(P<0.05)。结论 CD34、CD117和Ki67在老年GIST中高表达，且与危险度分级、周围浸润和...     

胃肠道间质瘤32例临床病理分析及免疫组化研究

目的：探讨胃肠道间质瘤的临床病理及免疫组化特点和诊断标准。方法：对32例胃肠道间质瘤进行常规病理检查及免疫组化染色。结果：胃肠道间质瘤由梭形细胞和上皮样细胞组成，大多数病例CD117和CD34标记阳性。结论：胃肠道间质瘤是胃肠道常见的非上皮性肿瘤，缺乏定向分化。CD117、CD34标记阳性对胃肠道间质瘤的诊断具有重要的价值。     

胃间质瘤23例胃镜及病理分析

胃肠道间质瘤（gastrointestinal stromal tumors，GIST）是起源于胃肠道的肌层间Cajal细胞（一种调节自主运动的起搏细胞）的肿瘤，瘤细胞显示KIT突变和表达KIT蛋白（CD117）及CD34，它不同于典型的平滑肌及神经源性肿瘤，是一种独立的疾病。由于病变位于黏膜下层、肌壁内或浆膜下层，常规胃镜检查对黏膜下病变难以定性，确诊有赖于病理组织学和免疫组化检查，CD117和CD34阳性在诊断上有其特殊意义。为探讨胃GIST的内镜诊断特点，现对我院23例胃GIsT患者的内镜及病理结果进行回顾性分析。     

胃肠道间质瘤的病理改变、免疫组化表达与肿瘤风险度的关系

目的：探讨胃肠道间质瘤（ GIST）的病理改变、免疫组化表达与肿瘤风险度的关系。方法选择33例GIST患者手术切除的病理标本,观察肿瘤的病理改变,并行CD117、CD34、SMA、S-100免疫组化标记,对其病理学改变及免疫组化表达结果与肿瘤风险度的关系进行综合分析。结果肿瘤极低度风险6例,低、中度风险20例,高度风险7例;肿瘤风险度越高,肿瘤直径越长（ P＜0．05）。病理类型为梭型细胞型28例,混合细胞型3例,上皮样细胞型2例;不同病理类型的风险度分级不同（P＜0．05）。极低度、低度、中度、高度风险患者的CD117、CD34、SMA、S-100阳性表达率比较均无统计学差异（P均＞0．05）。结论 GIST的病理类型逐步由梭形细胞型向混合细胞型及上皮样细胞型转化;肿瘤病理学形态结合CD117、CD34检测对其诊断具有特异性作用;肿瘤风险分度需根据肿瘤大小及病理类型等综合判断。     

DOG1在72例胃肠道间质瘤中的表达及临床意义

目的检测DOG1等抗体在胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）中的表达,并评价DOG1在GIST诊断中的价值。方法应用免疫组化S-P法检测72例GIST、20例平滑肌肿瘤、34例神经鞘瘤及28例孤立性纤维性肿瘤中DOG1、CD117、CD34、SMA、S100的表达情况。结果 GIST中DOG1阳性表达率为93.0%,CD117为88.9%,而CD34为72.2%;DOG1在平滑肌肿瘤、神经鞘瘤及孤立性纤维性肿瘤中均为阴性表达,CD117在平滑肌肿瘤及孤立性纤维性肿瘤中阳性率为3.3%及3.6%。CD117阴性者中DOG1阳性表达率为37.5%。且9例胃肠外GIST中DOG1、CD117及CD34的阳性率为100%、77.8%和44.4%。8例CD117阴性病例中,DOG1阳性表达率为37.5%（3/8）。结论 DOG1在诊断GIST中具有较高敏感性和特异性,在GIST的诊断、鉴别诊断及筛查格列卫等靶向药物治中是一种非常有价值的抗体。DOG1和CD117表达与肿瘤分化程度无关。评价GIST复发可能性,还应结合肿瘤大小、核分裂数/50HPF及肿瘤原发部位等综合因素。     

胃肠道间质瘤的临床诊治及病理免疫组化分析

目的 探讨胃肠道间质瘤（GISTs）的临床诊治方法及病理免疫组化特征。方法 对我院2003年8月至2006年6月经手术及病理证实为GISTs的26例病例作回顾性分析。用免疫组化SP法检测CD117、CD34、Vimentin、desmin及S-100等5种抗体的表达情况。结果 26例GISTs中，胃12例，占46．2％；小肠10例，占38．5％；食管1例，占3．8％；直肠2例，占7．7％；肠系膜1例，占3．8％。其中良性9例（9／26），低度恶性9例（9／26），恶性8例（8／26）。位于小肠者均为交界性及恶性，其恶性度与其它部位的肿瘤相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05），良、恶性间质瘤的大小比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。术前诊断GISTs仅3例，术前诊断率为11．5％，多误诊为胃癌、平滑肌瘤等。CD117、CD34、Vimentin、desmin及S-100阳性率分别为92％（24／26）、88％（23／26）、100％（26／26）、4％（1／26）、12％（3／26）。结论 GISTs可发生于任何年龄，但多见于50岁以上的中老年人。GISTs可发生在从食管到直肠的消化道的任何部位，主要发生在胃和小肠，肿瘤发生部位和大小与肿瘤良恶性密切相关。GISTs术前诊断较困难，CD117和CD34在间质瘤的诊断中具有重要价值。     

Mixed spindle and epithelioid cell type gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the esophagus: a case report

Fewer than 1 % of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are of the esophagus. This report describes a 63-year-old female diagnosed with mixed spindle/epithelioid cell GIST of the esophagus. She was admitted to our hospital with symptoms of nausea and hematemesis. Preoperative imaging showed a huge submucosal tumor in the lower thoracic and abdominal esophagus. Pathologic examination of an endoscopic biopsy sample suggested squamous cell carcinoma. She underwent subtotal esophagectomy and reconstruction with a gastric tube. Postoperative pathological diagnosis revealed a mixed spindle/epithelioid cell type GIST. The tumor measured 8 × 6 cm, with 30–50 mitotic counts per high power field, immunohistochemical positivity for C-kit (CD117) and CD34 and high risk by modified Fletcher classification. Adjuvant chemotherapy with imatinib mesylate was started 3 months after surgery. Preoperative pathological examination, including staining for CD117 and CD34, of biopsy samples of apparently stromal tumors may be required to rule out rare subtypes of GIST.     

Clinical manifestations and prognostic factors in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors

AIM: To investigate the incidence of CD117-positive immunohistochemical staining in previously diagnosed gastrointestinal (GI) tract stromal tumors (GIST) and to analyze the tumors‘ dinical manifestations and prognostic factors. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 91 cases with a previous diagnosis of GI stromal tumor, leiomyoma, or leiomyosarcoma. Tissue samples were assessed with CDl17, CD34, SMA and Sl00 immunohistochemical staining. Clinical and pathological characteristics were analyzed for prognostic factors. RESULTS: CDl17 was positive in 81 (89%) of 91 tissuesamples. There were 59 cases (72.8%) positive for CD34, 13 (16%) positive for SMA, and 12 (14.8%) positive for S100. There was no gender difference in patients with CD117-positive GIST. Their mean age was 65 years. There were 44 (54%) tumors located in the stomach and 29 (36%) in the small intestine. The most frequent presenting symptoms were abdominal pain and GI bleeding. The mean tumor size was 7.5&#177;5.7 cm. There were 35 cases (43.2%) with tumors &gt;5 cm. The tumor size correlated significantly with tumor mitotic count and resectability. Tumor size, mitotic count, and resectability correlated significantly with tumor recurrence and survival. There was recurrent disease in 39% of our patients, and their mean survival after recurrence was 16.6 months. Most recurrences were at the primary site or metastatic to the liver. Twenty-six percent of our patients died of their disease.CONCLUSION: Traditional histologic criteria are not specific enough to diagnose GIST. This diagnosis must be confirmed with CDl17 immunohistochemical staining. Prognosis is dependent on tumor size, mitotic count, and resectability.     

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: usefulness of immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and fluorescence in situ hybridization

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) constitute a group of primary mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, known for their diversity in clinical behavior and the difficulties in determining malignancy and prognosis. This retrospective study evaluated a series of GIST by means of immunohistochemical techniques, flow cytometry and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). METHODS: Nine patients with GIST were analyzed for tumor size, mitotic count and CD117, CD34, MIB-1 with immunohistochemistry. In addition, the GIST were tested with FISH for chromosomes 8 and 17 and DNA index was evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The findings confirmed the usefulness of CD117 and CD34 in diagnosing GIST and the prognostic role of MIB-1, but do not support a correlation between aneuploidy in flow cytometry and poor outcome. The FISH results suggest close follow-up for patients with benign GIST with a numerical alteration of chromosome 8. The technique could select patients with tumors at high-risk with aneusomy of chromosome 17. CONCLUSION: This study shows the possible application of FISH to the evaluation of patients with GIST, in addition to analysis of morphological features.     

CD_（117）、CD_（34）在胃肠道间质瘤中的表达及意义

目的探讨CD117和CD34在胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）中的表达及其临床意义。方法分析我院88例GIST的病理组织标本,采用Envision二步法进行免疫组织化学染色,检测CD117与CD34在上述组织中的表达。结果 CD34和CD117的阳性表达率分别为78.4%和95.4%;其中在低级恶性潜能GIST中为87.9%9、4.0%,中级恶性潜能GIST中为77.8%9、6.3%,高级恶性潜能GIST中为67.9%和96.5%。结论 CD117和CD34在GIST中均呈高表达,均不可作为判断GIST危险度的指标,联合检测对GIST的确诊有较高的临床应用价值。     

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs): clinical aspects]

INTRODUCTION: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors in the gastrointestinal tract. One of their features is the expression of the c-KIT/CD117 receptor. AIMS AND METHODS: We will focus on describing the symptoms, clinical studies prior to diagnosis, histologic and immunohistochemical characteristics, as well as the progression of disease in a group of patients. RESULTS: Seventeen cases were diagnosed between December 1999 and April 2005. Mean age of patients was 64.5 (+/-11.9); 47% were women. Tumor location was as follows: 52.9% in the jejunum or ileum, 29.4% were gastric, 11.7% were in the duodenum, and 5.8% were located in the mesentery. Tumor size was 6.0 cm on average (+/-5.0); 47% were asymptomatic, and to a lesser degree caused abdominal pain or digestive bleeding; 94.1% of tumors expressed CD117. Most of them were discovered while performing a laparotomy or ultrasound scan; 94.1% of tumors were removed; 35.2% (6 out of 17) of patients suffering from GIST met consensus criteria for aggressive behavior. Over 25.6 months (+/-22.5) metastasis or tumor relapse occurred in 23.5% (4 out of 17) of patients--those with more frequent high-risk criteria, symptomatic and bigger tumors, and tumors not expressing CD117. The three patients with tumor relapse were prescribed imatinib mesylate. Three patients died because of the tumor, and four from other causes unrelated to GIST. CONCLUSIONS: GIST was diagnosed in around 12 cases per million a year. Its diagnosis was usually an incidental finding during a medical evaluation, and tumors were malignant in nearly one fourth of cases. We can predict its outcome depending on different aspects.