系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血Th2型细胞因子受体水平的研究

目的探讨Th2型细胞因子受体(IL-4R、IL-6R、IL-10R)在系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)发病机制中的作用及其临床意义.方法应用逆转录酶-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测89例SLE患者和30例正常人外周血单核细胞(PBMC)中IL-4R、IL-6R和IL-10R mRNA的表达水平;用ELISA法检测血清中IL-4、IL-6和IL-10水平.结果①活动期SLE患者和非活动期SLE患者及正常人Th2型细胞因子受体阳性表达率为100%.②PBMC中,IL-4R mRNA表达水平活动期SLE患者(1组)为0.604±0.147,非活动期SLE患者(2组)为0.40±0.13,正常人(3组)为0.37±0.07;IL-6R mRNA表达水平1组为0.90±0.27,2组为0.52±0.11,3组为0.57±0.24;IL-10R mRNA表达水平1组为0.87±0.29,2组为0.72±0.21,3组为0.68±0.14.1组和2组间比较无显著性差异(P＜0.05),1组和3组间比较有显著性差异(P=0.00),2组和3组间比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05).③血清中IL-4、IL-6和IL-10水平1组显著高于2组和3组(P＜0.05),2组显著高于3组(P＜0.05).活动期SLE患者和非活动期SLE患者血清中的IL-4水平与PBMC上的IL-4R的表达水平呈正相关(r=0.622和r=0.859,P＜0.05).活动期SLE患者和非活动期SLE患者血清中的IL-6水平与PBMC上的IL-6R的表达水平呈正相关(r=0.887和r=0.615,P＜0.05).活动期SLE患者和非活动期SLE患者血清中的IL-10水平与PBMC上的IL-10R的表达水平呈正相关(r=0.888和r=0.787,P＜0.05).结论Th2型细胞因子及其受体的异常表达可能在SLE疾病活动和发展过程中起重要作用.检测SLE患者PBMC中Th2型细胞因子受体的表达水平可作为疾病的活动性指标之一.     

白细胞介素6(IL-6)和IL-8mRNA在变应原诱导的鼻粘膜晚期反应标本的表达

目的测定IL-6和IL-8变应原诱导的鼻粘膜晚期反应标本中mRNA的表达。方法采用原位杂交技术,测定变应原诱导的10例变态反应性鼻炎病人的鼻粘膜标本表达IL-6和IL-8mRNA阳性细胞数。结果在10例标本中,2种细胞因子的阳性表达率分别为9/10和10/10。与对照相比,变应原诱导的鼻粘膜标本表达IL-6和IL-8mRNA阳性细胞数明显增加(P＜0.05和P＜0.01)。结论IL-6和IL-8mRNA表达增加可作为变态反应性鼻炎晚期的标志。     

人类肿瘤表达细胞因子基因的临床意义

目的:探讨IL-2,IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,IL-13和IFNγ在肿瘤发生发展及治疗诊断中作用。方法:用RTPCR技术或RNA点杂交技术检测183份肿瘤细胞或肿瘤组织中上述6种细胞因子的基因表达状况。结果:在183份不同的肿瘤细胞或组织中Th2类细胞因子的表达显著增加,其中IL-4,IL-6,IL-10和IL-13的表达率达65％,70.5％,83.6％和61.7％,而Th1类细胞因子IFNγ和IL-2的表达率仅达12.6％和22.9％。结论:Th1/Th2漂移与肿瘤的发生发展密切相关,有可能造成机体的免疫抑制,有利于肿瘤细胞的免疫逃逸。     

IL-6、IL-8上调卵巢癌细胞雄激素受体表达的作用分别依赖MAPK途径和Src活化

目的 探讨IL-6、IL-8促进卵巢癌细胞增殖的分子机制.方法 在以往工作的基础上,选择兼有IL-6、IL-8受体及雄激素受体(androgen receptor,AR)表达的卵巢癌细胞系SKOV-3和OVCAR-3作为研究模型,观察AR阻断剂氟他胺(flutamide,Flu)对IL-6、IL-8诱导的促卵巢癌细胞增殖作用的影响,在此基础上进一步探讨两种细胞因子对AR表达的调节作用及相关信号传导通路.结果 ①AR阻断剂Flu不能阻断反而增强IL-6、IL-8诱导的促卵巢癌细胞增殖效应.②在无雄激素的条件下,IL-6、IL-8不仅能增加AR表达而且还能活化AR基因启动子,后者可被Flu完全阻断.③IL-6诱导的AR水平增加可被p38 MAPK、MEK1/2及ErbB2 MAPK阻断剂阻断,而IL-8诱导的AR水平增加则可被Src阻断剂阻断.结论 IL-6、IL-8很可能通过提高AR水平和AR活性从而增强卵巢癌细胞对雄激素的敏感性,由此通过产生的放大信号通路促进卵巢癌的生长和发展.IL-6、IL-8的上述活性分别依赖MAPK途径和Src活化.     

乳腺癌患者肿瘤组织IL-10的表达及其与预后的关系

目的探讨IL-10在乳腺癌患者肿瘤组织中的表达与临床病理特征、预后的关系。方法回顾性收集2000-01/2002-12期间在解放军总医院接受手术的130例Ⅰ~Ⅲ期乳腺癌患者的临床资料及石蜡切片,用免疫组织化学法检测乳腺癌原发灶IL-10蛋白的表达,分析IL-10表达与乳腺癌临床病理特征及预后的关系。结果 IL-10在肿瘤细胞及肿瘤间质细胞中均有表达。肿瘤细胞IL-10高表达与较小的肿瘤直径、较高的肿瘤分化程度、ER阳性和脉管癌栓阴性相关(P0.05或P0.01);在COX多因素预后分析中,肿瘤细胞质IL-10染色强度是无病生存期的独立预后因素(HR=0.443,P=0.022),IL-10+间质细胞密度是总生存期的独立预后因素(HR=0.411,P=0.051)。结论 IL-10在乳腺肿瘤细胞和间质的表达强度可作为乳腺癌预后的预测指标。较低的IL-10表达水平与乳腺癌较差的预后有关。     

反复自然流产患者母胎界面SOCS3蛋白、TNF-α及IL-10的表达

目的:研究反复自然流产患者蜕膜组织中细胞因子信号转导抑制因子SOCS3,细胞因子TNF-α及IL-10的表达,并与正常妊娠作对照。方法:Western blot检测SOCS3的表达,免疫组织化学法检测细胞因子TNF-α及IL-10的表达。结果:反复自然流产组蜕膜组织中SOCS3的表达明显降低(P<0.01),差异有统计学意义,IL-10表达降低(P<0.01),TNF-α表达增高(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义。结论:与正常妊娠相比,反复自然流产组蜕膜组织中SOCS3蛋白及IL-10表达降低,TNF-α表达增高,差异有统计学意义,说明反复自然流产患者母胎界面Th1/Th2失衡,SOCS3蛋白可能通过与细胞因子的相互调控作用影响Th1/Th2平衡导致流产发生。     

卵巢癌患者手术治疗前后血清CA125、IGF-Ⅰ和IL-8检测的临床意义

文献证实[1],检测CA125水平为卵巢癌公认的标志物,对卵巢癌的病情检测有重要的临床价值。血清IGF-Ⅰ是由多种肿瘤细胞产生和分泌的调控因子,是一种多肽类生长因子,在恶性肿瘤的发生和发展中具有重要的作用[2]。IL-8是第1个被发现具有趋化作用的细胞因子,近年发现,IL-8在许多恶性肿瘤组织中检测到IL-8,     

TGFβ和IL-10与卵巢癌

与卵巢癌有关的细胞因子很多，其中TGFβ和IL-10表达的异常在卵巢癌的发生、发展和转移过程中起着十分重要的作用，对其深入探究将有助于阐明卵巢癌的发病机制、协助临床诊断和病情估计以及为卵巢癌的生物治疗提供了新的线索和途径。     

Th17/Treg及其相关细胞因子在结肠癌中的表达并与肿瘤分期的相关性

研究结肠癌患者肿瘤组织中Th17细胞、Treg细胞及患者外周血中相关细胞因子的表达水平,探讨其表达与肿瘤分期的相关性及可能机制。运用流式细胞分析(FACS)技术检测30例结肠癌肿瘤组织及癌旁正常组织中Th17细胞及Treg细胞的比例;采用逆转录聚合酶链反应技术(RT-PCR)检测20例结肠癌患者外周血中Th17、Treg相关细胞因子IL-23和IL-10的表达水平。结果显示结肠癌肿瘤组织中Th17细胞和Treg细胞的比例明显高于癌旁正常组织(P<0.05),进展期肿瘤组织中Treg细胞的比例高于早期(P<0.05),而Th17细胞的比例较早期无明显差异(P>0.05),进展期肿瘤组织中Th17/Treg细胞的比例比早期偏低(P<0.05)。结肠癌患者外周血中IL-23、IL-10的mRNA水平升高,与健康对照组差异明显(P<0.05),且进展期与早期结肠癌IL-10mRNA的表达水平差异显著(P<0.05),而IL-23mRNA在两组间无明显差异(P>0.05)。随着结肠癌病程的进展,肿瘤组织内Th17细胞及Treg细胞的比例逐渐升高,且Treg细胞比Th17细胞升高更加明显。相关细胞因子IL-23和IL-10在患者外周血中的变化趋势和Th17、Treg细胞在肿瘤组织中的变化趋势相一致,提示Th17、Treg细胞在结肠癌的表达可能与肿瘤免疫微环境中相关的细胞因子调节有关。     

TGFβ和IL-10与卵巢癌

与卵巢癌有关的细胞因子很多,其中TGFβ和IL-10表达的异常在卵巢癌的发生、发展和转移过程中起着十分重要的作用,对其深入探究将有助于阐明卵巢癌的发病机制、协助临床诊断和病情估计以及为卵巢癌的生物治疗提供了新的线索和途径。     

雌激素与IL-6、IL-8在卵巢癌细胞中的调节作用

目的 探讨雌激素与IL-6、IL-8在卵巢癌细胞中的交互调节作用及作用机制.方法 选择兼有雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)及IL-6、IL-8受体表达的卵巢癌细胞系CAOV-3和OVCAR-3作为研究模型,分别探讨17B-雌二醇(estradiol,E2)对IL-6、IL-8及其受体表达的作用以及IL-6、IL-8对EB表达及ER转录活性的作用.结果 一方面E2不仅可经NF-κB途径促进卵巢癌细胞IL-6、IL-8分泌,而且还对二者受体的表达具有一定的调节作用.E2诱导的促IL-6、IL-8分泌作用可被其受体阻断剂他莫昔芬(tamoxifen,Txf)完全阻断.另一方面在无雌激素的条件下,IL-6、IL-8能上调卵巢癌细胞Erα表达及下调ERB表达,且还能分别通过丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路和Src活化增强卵巢癌细胞ER的转录活性,该作用可被Txf完全封闭.结论 雌激素与IL-6、IL-8两种细胞因子在卵巢癌细胞中交互调节,由此通过产生的放大信号通路促进卵巢癌的生长和发展.     

卵巢癌细胞IL-6、IL-8及其受体表达的研究

目的分析比较五种常见的上皮性卵巢癌细胞系IL-6、IL-8及其受体表达的差异。方法IL-6、IL-8的表达分别采用RT-PCR和ELISA法进行检测，IL-6受体（IL-6Rα和gp130）及IL-8受体（IL-8RA和IL-8RB）的表达采用免疫印迹技术进行测定。结果①五种上皮性卵巢癌细胞均组成性表达IL-6和IL-8。IL-6和IL-8在CAOV-3细胞中的表达水平均最高，而在HO-8910PM细胞中的表达水平均最低，IL-6在SKOV-3、HO-8910、OVCAR-3细胞中的表达水平依次降低，IL-8在OVCAR-3、SKOV-3、HO-8910细胞中的表达水平依次降低。②五种上皮性卵巢癌细胞均表达IL-6Rα、gp130及IL-8RA；除CAOV-3细胞外，其它细胞均表达IL-8RB。结论本研究旨在筛选表达IL-6和IL-8及其相应受体的细胞株，为研究IL-6、IL-8与卵巢癌发生、发展关系奠定基础，同时也为今后卵巢癌的免疫治疗提供一个新的思路。     

Affino-immunoelectrophoresis of haptoglobin with wheat germ agglutinin. Diagnostic significance in ovarian carcinoma

Affino-immunoelectrophoresis with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) was applied to the analysis of microheterogenous fractions of human haptoglobin (Hp), present in cancerous ascitic fluids and in sera from patients either with ovarian carcinoma or with inflammatory ovarian disease. Normal and inflammatory sera contained two WGA-dependent Hp fractions: strongly- and weakly-retarded while cancer sera and ascitic fluids: non-retarded and weakly-retarded fractions. The content of WGA-dependent Hp fractions following curative surgery and chemotherapy of the patients was found to resemble the pattern of the control group.     

Functional Impairment of Dendritic Cells Caused by Murine Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Immunosuppression in tumor-bearing hosts may be a major obstacle in eradicating tumors. This study investigated whether hepatocellular carcinoma suppressed the functions of dendritic cells to escape tumor surveillance. Dendritic cells (DC), propagated from C57BL/10J mice, were cocultured with or without murine hepatoma Hepa1-6 cells to examine the influence of hepatocellular carcinoma on dendritic cells. The results revealed that dendritic cells cocultured with hepatoma cells expressed low levels of costimulatory molecules, and the stimulatory capacity was decreased. The antigen-specific cytotoxic effects of T cells activated by the DC cocultured with hepatoma cells were also decreased. In ex vivo studies, the maturation and function of dendritic cells propagated from tumor-bearing mice were suppressed. The suppressive effect of Hepa1-6 cells on dendritic cells could be partially reversed by neutralizing IL-10. In conclusion, the maturation and stimulatory function of DC are suppressed by hepatocellular carcinoma. IL-10 release may be one of the mechanisms employed by hepatocellular carcinoma to suppress dendritic cells.     

Platinum-resistance in ovarian cancer cells is mediated by IL-6 secretion via the increased expression of its target cIAP-2

Ovarian carcinoma patients are initially responsive to platinum-based therapy, but eventually become refractory to treatment due to the development of platinum chemoresistance. Elevated levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the sera and ascites of these patients predict poor clinical outcome. Our goal was to analyze the interaction between cisplatin and cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells, and to identify means of circumventing platinum resistance. We studied ovarian carcinoma cell lines and cells drawn from ovarian carcinoma patients. Gene array analyses were performed on ovarian carcinoma cells upon treatment with cisplatin, and the results were validated by ELISA and Western blotting (WB). Cytotoxicity assays were performed on anti-IL-6 Ab-, IL-6-, and cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 2 (cIAP-2) siRNA-treated cells, following cisplatin addition. Our results revealed a highly significant increase in IL-6 and cIAP-2 mRNA and protein levels upon treatment with cisplatin. WB analysis of cisplatin-treated cells exhibited decreased cIAP-2 expression level following anti-IL-6 Ab addition. Furthermore, IL-6 by itself, significantly increased cIAP-2 levels in ovarian carcinoma cells. Finally, cytotoxicity assays showed sensitization to cisplatin following the addition of IL-6 and cIAP-2 inhibitors. In conclusion, cisplatin treatment of ovarian carcinoma cells upregulates IL-6 and cIAP-2 levels while their inhibition significantly sensitizes them to cisplatin. Here, we present cIAP-2 as a novel inducer of platinum resistance in ovarian carcinoma cells, and suggest an axis beginning with an encounter between cisplatin and these cells, mediated sequentially by IL-6 and cIAP-2, resulting in cisplatin resistance. Consequently, we propose that combining IL-6/cIAP-2 inhibitors with cisplatin will provide new hope for ovarian carcinoma patients by improving the current treatment.     

Human recombinant IL-4 decreases the emergence of non-specific cytolytic cells and favours the appearance of memory cells (CD4+CD45RO+) in the IL-2-driven development of cytotoxic T lymphocytes against autologous ovarian tumour cells.

As IL-4 and IL-6 have also been reported to promote the development of T lymphocytes such as IL-2, we investigated their role in the development of specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) against autologous ovarian tumours in mixed lymphocyte tumour cultures (MLTC). Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from five ovarian carcinoma (OC) patients were incubated with autologous OC cells at a PBL:OC cell ratio of 20:1 in IL-2 alone (50 U/ml for the first week and 200 U/ml thereafter) or with IL-4 (100 U/ml) and/or IL-6 (5 U/ml). Neither IL-4 nor IL-6 improved lymphocyte proliferation consistently. In contrast, IL-4 reduced significantly the development of LAK activity as assayed against Daudi cell line, and decreased modestly the emergence of natural killer (NK) activity as assayed against K562. This property was not shared by IL-6. The prevention of the development of non-specific cytolytic activity (LAK and NK activities) was much stronger when the MLTC was started with IL-4 in the absence of IL-2 during the first week in culture. A concomitant drop in NKH-1 expression (CD56) was observed. By inhibiting the emergence of non-specific cytotoxicity, IL-4 provided better evidence of the specific cytolytic activity directed at ovarian cells. In parallel, a significant increase in the generation of memory cells (CD4+CD45RO+) was observed with IL-4. In conclusion, in this model, IL-4 added before IL-2 decreases significantly the emergence of non-specific cytotoxic cells, and promotes the generation of memory cells. These properties may be of interest in the design of strategies aimed at obtaining tumour-specific cells for investigational and immunotherapeutic purposes.     

卵巢癌患者外周血CD4+CD25hiCD127lo调节性T细胞格局变化及临床意义

目的:观察卵巢癌患者外周血中CD4+CD25hiCD127lo调节性T细胞格局变化及其相关免疫细胞因子TGF-β1、IL-10的变化及与临床病理特征之间的关系,探讨其临床意义.方法:采用流式细胞术(FCM)和酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测70例卵巢癌患者、50例卵巢良性疾患及70例健康者外周血单个细胞中调节性T细胞的比率和血浆TGF-β1、IL-10的水平.结果:①卵巢癌患者外周血中CD4+CD25hiCD127loTreg调节性T细胞占CD4+细胞的比例为6.32%±1.46%(n=70),显著高于卵巢良性疾患4.03%±1.25%(n=50)和健康对照组3.21%±0.96%(n=70),均P＜0.01.术后患者CD4+CD25hiCD127loTreg比率与术前比较无明显差异.②卵巢癌患者血浆中TGF-β1、IL-10水平(256.68±56.34) pg /ml、(28.24±3.12) ng/ml,明显高于良性疾患(156.48±43.68) pg /ml、(20.58±2.39) ng/ml与健康对照组(130.24±35.60) pg/ml、(18.38±2.98) ng/ml,有统计学差异,分别P＜0.001,P＜0.01.③术前卵巢癌患者外周血CD4+CD25hiCD127loTreg比率、血浆中TGF-β1、IL-10水平与患者的临床分期、淋巴结转移以及远处转移有关,P＜0.05～P＜0.001.④相关分析显示,卵巢癌患者外周血 CD4+CD25hiCD127loTreg比率与血浆中TGF-β1水平、IL-10水平呈正相关,r=0.734,P＜0.01;r=0.665,P＜0.01.结论:①CD4+CD25hiCD127loTreg在卵巢癌患者外周血中表达显著增高,这可能是卵巢癌患者免疫功能下降的一个重要原因,并与临床病理特征存在显著相关性;②卵巢癌患者血浆中抑制性细胞因子TGF-β1、IL-10水平明显升高,并与临床病理特征存在显著相关性;③CD4+CD25hiCD127loTreg与TGF-β1、IL-10水平存在正相关,CD4+CD25hiCD127loTreg可能通过产生抑制性细胞因子TGF-β1、IL-10 对效应性T细胞发挥抑制作用.     

Sensitivity enhancement of the cytologic detection of cancer cells in effusions by monoclonal antibodies

Cells from 229 pleural and peritoneal spontaneous fluids and 51 peritoneal lavage fluids from patients with neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases were studied by indirect immunofluorescence with two monoclonal antibodies; MBr1, prepared against breast carcinoma, and MOv2, prepared against ovarian carcinoma. The results were correlated with those obtained by conventional cytologic methods. A cytologic diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma was established in about 50% of the fluids examined. Sixty percent of the cytologically malignant fluids contained tumor cells reactive with at least one of the two monoclonal antibodies tested. The specificity of the labeling was confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy. In addition, 16 fluids with a negative cytologic diagnosis contained cells strongly immunopositive with MBr1 and/or MOv2. Reactive mesothelial cells were consistently negative. These results suggest that antibodies MBr1 and MOv2 are able to identify cancer cells that do not fully meet conventional morphologic criteria for malignancy. The two reagents, when used in support of cytologic analysis, may substantially reduce the number of false negative cytologic diagnoses of fluids from patients with breast and ovarian carcinomas.     

IL-35 promoted STAT3 phosphorylation and IL-10 production in B cells,but its production was reduced in patients with coronary artery diseases

Interleukin (IL)-35 is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of the IL-12A subunit and the Epstein-Barr virus induced gene 3 (EBI3) subunit. Binding of IL-35 with IL-12 receptor subunit beta 2 (IL-12RB2) and IL-6 signal transducer (IL-6ST) occupies the binding sites of IL-6, IL-12, and IL-27 and prevents their signal transduction. IL-35 is also shown to promote the development of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and regulatory B cells (Bregs). In this study, we investigated B cell-mediated IL-35 production in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The expression levels of IL-35 subunits and IL-10 were significantly lower in B cells from CAD patients than in B cells from healthy control individuals. Exogenous IL-35 could effectively increase the IL-10 production by B cells in a concentration-dependent manner. IL-35 promoted the phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3 in B cells, and the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation suppressed IL-10 production. Raising the IL-35 concentration in cell culture eliminated the difference in IL-10 expression between CAD B cells and healthy B cells. We also demonstrated that B cells from CAD patients presented lower capacity to suppress interferon gamma (IFNG) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) expression by T cells than B cells from healthy controls. Exogenous IL-35 could significantly improve the suppressive capacity of B cells in both healthy controls and CAD patients. Together, these results demonstrated that a reduction in IL-35 production was associated with Breg defects in CAD patients. IL-35 and IL-35 targets may serve as therapeutic candidates in the treatment of CAD and related diseases.     

Cytology of granulosa cell tumor of the ovary

Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary may create a diagnostic challenge in cytologic preparations. Our experience with needle aspiration material, ascitic fluid, and peritoneal washings indicates that in fluids, despite some similarity between the tumor cells and reactive mesothelial cells, a correct diagnosis can be achieved by careful examination. The paucity of the cytoplasm and an intense indentation of nuclear membrane are the most helpful features in distinguishing the granulosa cells from mesothelial cells. The literature is reviewed, and the controversies regarding needle aspiration of ovarian neoplasms are discussed.