玻璃体腔内超声乳化治疗晶状体全脱位所致青光眼的疗效观察

目的:评价玻璃体腔内超声乳化联合玻璃体切除治疗晶状体全脱位所致青光眼的疗效。方法:选取2007-11/2010-03对16例16眼因眼钝挫伤或白内障摘除术中后囊破裂晶状体核全脱位于玻璃体腔导致眼压升高的患者,采用标准睫状体扁平部闭合式三切口,先行全玻璃体切除术,再采用去硅胶袖套的超声乳化头乳化摘除脱位的晶状体,术后观察视力、眼压、视网膜、巩膜伤口等恢复情况。结果:所有晶状体均成功摘除,没有发生严重的并发症。视网膜、巩膜伤口无明显损害。术后视力提高到指数/眼前者2眼,0.1～0.3者7眼,>0.3者5眼,其余2眼保持不变。术后眼压15～20mmHg者14眼,>21mmHg者2眼,经滴降眼压眼液后,眼压降至<20mmHg。结论:玻璃体腔内超声乳化联合玻璃体切除治疗晶状体全脱位所致青光眼,具有眼内组织损伤小,方便,快捷,不需要应用重水的特点。超声乳化头完全可以代替超声粉碎头用于晶状体脱位于玻璃体腔的治疗。     

晶状体或人工晶状体脱入玻璃体腔伴视网膜脱离手术疗效

目的探讨玻璃体切除术治疗晶状体或人工晶状体脱入玻璃体腔伴视网膜脱离的临床疗效和并发症。方法对在我院进行标准睫状体平坦部三切口闭合式玻璃体切除术的26例（26只眼）晶状体或人工晶状体脱入玻璃体腔伴视网膜脱离者行回顾性分析。其中眼挫伤后晶状体脱位7只眼,白内障术中晶状体脱位和术后人工晶状体脱位19只眼。对人工晶状体脱人玻璃体腔者术中经角膜缘摘出人工晶状体,对晶状体脱入玻璃体腔者直接在玻璃体腔内行晶状体核超声乳化吸出。其中14只眼行硅油填充,12只眼行C3F8填充,16只眼联合巩膜外加压。术后随访6-18个月,平均（11．50±2．67）月。结果26只眼均顺利摘出人工晶状体或超声乳化吸出玻璃体腔内晶状体核,视网膜最终完全复位23只眼（88．46％）,部分复位2只眼（7．69％）,失败1只眼（3．85％）,后者系由病程长,增生性玻璃体视网膜病变（PVR）严重所致,术后大部分患者视力有不同程度的提高。结论玻璃体切除术治疗晶状体或人工晶状体脱入玻璃体腔伴视网膜脱离可获得较好解剖效果,但功能恢复较差。     

冷超声乳化代替超声粉碎术摘除玻璃体腔内硬核

目的评价冷超声乳化术代替超声粉碎术治疗眼后段玻璃体腔硬性晶体核摘除的疗效。方法2002年5月至2005年8月，对15例玻璃体腔存有晶状体硬核的患者，做标准睫状体扁平部闭合式三切口，先行后段玻璃体切割术，利用全氟化碳液（重水）浮起晶体核，再用20G的超声乳化针头，采用冷超声乳化程序，乳化清除晶体核，根据不同病情，分别联合人工晶体植入、视网膜复位术、眼内异物取出术等。结果所有病例晶体完成乳化摘除，无黄斑囊样水肿、视网膜出血，2例患者下方周边网膜有细小晶体皮质残留，1例视网膜脱离经手术治疗复位，巩膜切口无烧灼伤改变，术后视力较术前明显改善。结论超声乳化机冷超声功能完全可替代超声粉碎机行眼后段玻璃体腔晶体核摘除，手术安全、实用、方便、快捷，特别实用于部分玻璃体切割机无超声粉碎功能者。     

晶状体不全脱位于玻璃体腔的手术治疗

目的：探讨晶状体不全脱位于玻璃体腔的处理方法。方法：回顾分析了3例（3眼）钝挫伤致晶状体不全脱位,采用经角巩膜缘切口,行前部玻璃体切割联合晶状体囊内摘内,同时行Ⅰ期人工晶状体缝线固定术,结果：3眼最终视力0．4－0．6,矫正视力0．4－0．8,1眼术后前房出血,经保这治疗吸收,无眼内炎、高眼压及角膜、视网膜等并发症。结论：因悬韧带的损伤是不均衡的,脱位的晶状体悬吊于玻璃体腔的中、前部,故经角巩膜切口,行前部玻璃体切割,摘除晶状体的方法是简捷、有效及安全的。     

玻璃体切除手术联合角巩膜缘切口摘除眼内巨大异物

目的 评价玻璃体切除手术联合角巩膜缘切口摘除眼内巨大异物手术的疗效,并分析其相关因素.方法 回顾性病例研究.分析2008-2013年因外伤导致眼内巨大异物于天津医科大学总医院接受治疗的5例(5眼)患者临床资料,其中男4例(4眼),女1例(1眼).术前视力光感～0.1,眼压5～24 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa).所有患者均接受玻璃体切除手术联合角巩膜缘切口摘除眼内巨大异物.5眼术前均合并视网膜脱离.术中眼内填充C3F81眼,硅油4眼.术后随访1～5年.结果 5例眼内巨大异物均一次性取出.术后视力均提高,术后眼压10～21 mmHg.术后视网膜均复位,术后并发症主要包括暂时性高眼压1眼,前房炎性渗出2眼,玻璃体腔少量积血1眼.结论 玻璃体切除手术联合角巩膜缘切口摘除眼内巨大异物是一种安全有效的方法.     

外伤性晶状体后脱位的治疗

目的 总结临床治疗外伤性晶状体后脱位的治疗方法。方法 15例病人采用后段玻璃体切除术。结果 伴有并发症的外伤性晶状体后脱位，手术均能碎吸晶状体，控制眼压、提高视力、处理眼底并发症。结论 外伤性晶状体脱入玻璃体腔均发生严重的并发症，应及早行后段玻璃体切除，采用重水托起脱位的晶状体远离视网膜后，眼内玻切头碎吸晶状体，联合重水下光凝、气液交换、环扎术使视网膜复痊，适宜地小切口植入人工晶状体，是较理想的方法。     

晶状体脱位玻璃体切割手术套管针取核法的临床分析

由于眼外伤、白内障超声乳化手术并发症、晶状体先天异常及不明原因均可导致晶状体脱位于玻璃体腔内,发生玻璃体疝继发青光眼,甚至造成视网膜水肿,严重影响视力,所以手术取出脱位晶状体至关重要。我科自2006年3月至2010年10月采用玻璃体切割套管针吸出脱位晶状体手术18例(19只眼),取得了较好效果。现报告如下。     

脱位于玻璃体腔的晶状体碎核切除手术

目的 观察应用玻璃体切割头联合导光纤维头手法碎核摘除玻璃体腔脱位晶状体的效果.方法 对Ⅲ级及以下核晶状体脱位至玻璃体腔的21例(23眼)患者,应用玻璃体切割头联合导光纤维机械碎核切除晶状体,观察其疗效.结果脱位晶状体均顺利摘除,用时21~38 min.术中未造成视网膜进一步损伤,术后2眼发生视网膜脱离.术后矫正视力为光感至0.05者3眼,0.06～0.1者4眼,0.2～0.3者9眼,0.3以上者7眼.结论 对于脱位至玻璃体腔的核硬度Ⅲ级及以下的晶状体,应用玻璃体切割头联合导光纤维头机械碎核切除安全有效.     

玻璃体切割联合超声乳化及人工晶状体悬吊术治疗晶状体脱位

目的探讨玻璃体切割联合超声乳化及人工晶状体悬吊术治疗晶状体脱位的临床疗效。方法选取晶状体脱入玻璃体内的患者30例(30眼),其中眼球钝挫伤引起的晶状体全脱位25眼,针拨白内障术后晶状体全脱位2眼,白内障摘出术中晶状体核脱入玻璃体内3眼。根据脱入玻璃体内的晶状体核硬度不同采用不同的手术方法,行玻璃体切割联合晶状体切除及人工晶状体悬吊植入术,必要时行硅油填充。术后随访0.5～1a,观察视力、眼压及并发症等情况。结果本组患者行玻璃体切割联合晶状体切除及人工晶状体悬吊植入术19例(19眼);玻璃体切割联合超声乳化及人工晶状体悬吊植入术10例(10眼);玻璃体切割联合超声乳化及硅油充填术1例(1眼)。术后视力:0.1～0.3者16眼,0.3～0.5者9眼,0.5以上者5眼;术后继发青光眼3眼,经降眼压治疗后恢复正常范围。术后随访期间未发现视网膜脱离、玻璃体积血、人工晶状体偏位等并发症。结论玻璃体切割联合超声乳化及人工晶状体悬吊植入术治疗晶状体脱位是一种安全、有效的方法。     

晶体超声粉碎联合玻璃体切除术治疗有核外伤性晶状体脱位

目的 探讨应用晶体超声粉碎联合玻璃体切除术治疗有核外伤性晶状体脱位的疗效.方法 回顾性分析了经晶体超声粉碎联合玻璃体切除手术治疗的有核外伤性晶状体脱位29例29只眼,其中全脱位12只眼,术前高眼压16只眼.行标准三通道玻璃体切除,切除前部、中轴部及晶状体周围玻璃体,无需使用过氟化碳液体,吸引晶状体至前部玻璃体腔内进行超声粉碎;不全脱位的晶状体采用囊内超声粉碎.术中检查视网膜并做相应处理.结果全部病例均完全将脱位的晶状体粉碎吸除,随访3月无视网膜脱离发生.21只眼术后眼压正常,6只眼I期植入人工晶状体.视力较术前明显改善.结论 对于有核的晶状体脱位,超声粉碎联合玻璃体切除术安全有效、简便易行,术后并发症少,明显改善了预后.     

Treatment of dislocated crystalline lens and retinal detachment with perfluorocarbon liquids.

Removal of a crystalline lens dislocated into the vitreous cavity can be hazardous, particularly in the presence of a retinal detachment. Hard pieces of nuclear material may be difficult to extract and may repeatedly fall onto the retina when emulsification is attempted in the vitreous cavity. Cases involving four eyes with dislocated crystalline lens and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, into which liquid perfluorocarbon was injected after vitrectomy to float the dislocated lens material off the retina and reattach the retina, are reported. The dislocated lens was removed while floating on the perfluorocarbon liquid, which also provided a cushion that prevented dropped fragments of lens from traumatizing the retina. In all four cases, surgery was not associated with complications and resulted in improvement in visual acuity and retinal reattachment.     

Phacoemulsification in the vitreous cavity for retained nuclear lens fragments

PURPOSE: To evaluate anatomic and functional results after surgery of retained lens fragments in the vitreous cavity after previous phacoemulsification. METHODS: The authors studied retrospectively 18 patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for retained nuclear lens fragments. Patients having only cortical material in the vitreous cavity were excluded. In all cases the nucleus or nuclear fragments were removed after a complete vitrectomy using perfluorocarbon injection in the vitreous cavity, associated with phacoemulsification in the vitreous cavity. The authors used a conventional phaco probe devoid of the silicone sleeve. Time lapse between cataract surgery and vitrectomy varied between 0 and 24 days (mean 8.2 +/- 7.4). Follow-up was 33.9 +/- 20.6 months (range 4 to 53). RESULTS: The mean final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/45 (range 20/400 to 20/20). It was 20/40 or better in 33% of patients, reaching 40% when patients with previous macular disease were excluded. A total of 61% of patients reached a final BCVA ranging from 20/50 to 20/200. Retinal detachment occurred in one eye and topical medications were necessary to manage intraocular pressure in four cases. CONCLUSIONS: PPV with intravitreous phacoemulsification is the technique of choice for dislocated nuclei or nuclear fragments in the vitreous cavity. (     

Efficacy of Removing Dislocated Lens using Intravitreal Phacoemulsification

 Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal phacoemulsification in the removal of dislocated crystalline lenses. Methods: Twenty-two cases (22 eyes) with posterior dislocated lens induced by ocular trauma or capsule rupture during phacoemulsification between January 2008 and December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed in this study. Total vitrectomy was first performed through standard closed three-port incisions at the pars plana, and dislocated lenses were removed using the phacoemulsification tip without the silicone sleeve. Extraction of intraocular foreign body, endolaser retinal photocoagulation and intraocular lens implantation were performed simultaneously. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP) and postoperative complications were assessed over 1 to 3 months of follow up. Results: All dislocated lenses were extracted without severe complication. The final corrected visual acuity was ≥ 6/15 in 7 cases, 6/100 – 6/18 in 5 cases and ≤ 6/120 in 10 cases, a significant improvement over preoperative values (P＜0.05). The IOP in 10 cases (10 eyes) with secondary glaucoma was < 21 mmHg post-operatively. Intraocular foreign bodies in 3 eyes were removed. Nine patients (9 eyes) underwent intraocular lens implantation. No instances of retinal detachment, retinal hemorrhage or scleral wound burn were observed after surgery. Conclusion: Intravitreal phacoemulsification combined with vitrectomy yielded good efficacy and safety in the treatment of posteriorly dislocated lens. It may be an alternative to phacofragmentation in the treatment of posteriorly-dislocated lenses.     

Intravitreal phacoemulsification with pars plana vitrectomy and posterior chamber intraocular lens suture fixation for dislocated crystalline lenses.

This technique to manage a dislocated crystalline lens comprises intravitreal phacoemulsification with transscleral suture fixation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL). The dislocated lens in the vitreous cavity is removed using a standard phaco handpiece with the assistance of a fiber-optic light pipe. Then, the IOL is implanted. The technique was used in 10 eyes of 8 patients with lens luxation or subluxation. The postoperative best corrected visual acuity was 20/25 or better except in 1 eye, and no serious complications were observed. Increased intraocular pressure before surgery in 4 eyes was normalized in 3 eyes.     

Management of dislocated lens fragments during phacoemulsification.

BACKGROUND: Dislocation of nuclear lens fragments during phacoemulsification can lead to a high incidence of glaucoma, uveitis, and poor visual acuity. The correct approach to these patients is uncertain. The authors report on eight patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy with removal of lens fragments. METHODS: Charts of eight consecutive patients who developed dislocation of nuclear lens fragments into the vitreous cavity during phacoemulsification were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent a standard three-port pars plana vitrectomy with removal of the dislocated nuclear fragments by pars plana fragmentation. After the vitrectomy, the retina was inspected with indirect ophthalmoscopy. Tears were treated with cryopexy. A fluid-air exchange and scleral buckle were performed when indicated. RESULTS: Retinal tears were located at the vitreous base in four of eight patients. After vitrectomy, visual acuity improved in all patients, with 7 of 8 patients achieving visual acuity of 20/40 or better. The type of pseudophakia did not influence the final visual acuity. There were no cases of glaucoma, uveitis, or macular edema with up to 22 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that large nuclear fragments dislocated into the posterior segment during phacoemulsification can be removed safely with pars plana vitrectomy and lensectomy with an excellent visual prognosis. Attempts to remove lens fragments during the phacoemulsification through an anterior wound should be avoided because of excessive vitreous traction, leading to retinal break formation.     

晶状体超声粉碎联合玻璃体切除术治疗外伤性晶状体脱位

目的:探讨应用晶状体超声粉碎联合玻璃体切除术治疗外伤性晶状体脱位的疗效。方法:回顾性分析晶状体超声粉碎联合玻璃体切除手术治疗外伤性晶状体脱位16例16眼;其中术前高眼压6例,玻璃体积血10例,视网膜脱离1例。常规扁平部行标准三通道玻璃体手术切口,切除前部、中轴部及脱位晶状体周围玻璃体,使晶状体游离,超声针头吸引晶状体至中央部玻璃体腔内进行超声粉碎。术中检查视网膜并做相应处理。其中8例视网膜情况良好,I期行后房人工晶状体缝线固定。结果:全部病例均完全将脱位的晶状体粉碎吸除,随访3mo无视网膜脱离发生。16例术后眼压正常,术后1wk眼压12~20mmH g,视力较术前改善,术后1wk视力0.2以上者8例。结论:对于外伤性晶状体脱位,晶状体超声粉碎联合玻璃体切除术是安全有效的手术方法,对视网膜无损伤者可行I期人工晶状体缝线固定,使患眼获取最好的视力。     

晶状体或人工晶体脱入玻璃体腔的手术处理

目的探讨晶体或人工晶体脱位入玻璃体腔的处理方法。方法钝挫伤后晶体脱位3眼,白内障手术中或术后晶体或人工晶体脱位11眼。均采用标准睫状体扁平部三切口闭合式玻璃体切除方式。术中注入全氟化碳液体0.4～4ml。经角膜缘取出人工晶体或晶体,或是直接玻璃体腔内粉碎晶体。再植入前房型人工晶体,或行后房型人工晶体睫状沟缝线固定。结果14眼均顺利取出或粉碎玻璃体腔内晶体或人工晶体。13眼(92.86%)术中植入人工晶体。术后视力明显提高12眼(85.71%)。结论对晶体或人工晶体全脱位进入玻璃体腔者,需争取早期采用玻璃体切除联合脱位晶体或人工晶体取出或粉碎手术,争取再植入人工晶体。