带血管蒂桡骨茎突骨瓣移植及可吸收钉治疗腕舟骨骨折不愈合17例

目的探讨带血管蒂桡骨茎突骨瓣移植及可吸收钉治疗腕舟骨骨折不愈合的方法及疗效。方法采用带血管蒂桡骨茎突骨瓣植入及可吸收钉内固定治疗17例腕舟骨骨折不愈合患者,术后石膏固定拇指掌指关节固定于对掌位4～6周,早期康复训练。结果17例患者均达到骨性愈合,背伸45°～50°,掌屈55°～60°,手部握力平均提高2级。随访6～18个月,优14例,良2例,可1例,优良率94.1%。结论带血管蒂桡骨茎突骨瓣移植及可吸收钉治疗陈旧性舟骨骨折操作简便,创伤小,疗效好,易推广,为治疗腕舟骨陈旧性骨折的较好方法。     

带筋膜血管蒂桡骨骨膜骨瓣移植治疗陈旧性舟骨骨折

目的探讨带筋膜桡动脉茎突返支蒂桡骨骨膜骨瓣移植治疗陈旧性腕舟状骨骨折的临床疗效。方法切开复位，采取桡骨茎突切除加用带筋膜血管蒂骨膜骨瓣移植治疗陈旧性腕舟骨骨折15例，术后进行5～16个月随访。结果临床用骨瓣治疗舟骨骨折15例，骨瓣血供丰富，术后10～12周愈合，腕关节功能恢复正常。结论带筋膜血管蒂桡骨骨膜骨瓣是移植治疗陈旧性腕舟骨骨折及骨不连的一种可靠的方法。     

应用桡动脉茎突返支为蒂的桡骨骨瓣或骨膜瓣移植治疗腕舟骨骨折不连接

目的观察以桡动脉返支为蒂的桡骨骨瓣或骨膜瓣移植对腕舟骨骨折不连接的治疗作用.方法20例腕舟骨骨折骨不连,应用桡动脉返支为蒂的桡骨骨瓣移植加桡骨茎突切除治疗12例,应用桡动脉返支为蒂的桡骨骨膜瓣移植加桡骨茎突切除治疗8例.测量手术前后腕关节屈伸和尺桡偏活动度、握力,应用腕舟评分对患者的自觉功能恢复情况进行评定.结果20例腕舟骨骨折骨不连均愈合,愈合时间平均为7±0.2周(6～12周).腕舟骨评分结果为:优16例,良3例,可1例.结论以桡动脉返支为蒂的桡骨骨瓣或骨膜瓣移植加桡骨茎突切除是治疗腕舟骨骨折骨不连的有效方法.     

带筋膜血管蒂的桡骨骨膜瓣及自体红骨髓移植治疗陈旧性腕舟骨骨折

目的探讨应用带筋膜血管蒂的桡骨骨膜瓣及自体红骨髓移植治疗腕舟骨陈旧性骨折骨不连的治疗方法。方法1998年5月～2004年12月对19例腕舟骨陈旧性骨折骨不连患者采用切开复位带桡动脉茎突返支骨膜骨瓣及自体红骨髓移植治疗，随访其疗效。结果术后19例均获随访。时间3～36个月，平均15个月；骨折愈合率为100％，愈合时间为3～4个月，腕关节功能完全恢复正常。结论用带筋膜血管蒂的桡骨骨膜瓣并自体红骨髓移植治疗陈旧性腕舟骨骨折，操作简单、成骨作用强，并有加速骨折愈合的作用。     

带血管蒂骨瓣移植治疗腕舟骨骨不连

目的：总结带血管蒂骨瓣移植治疗腕舟骨骨不连的疗效。方法：以带桡动脉茎突返支桡骨瓣移植治疗3例,桡骨远端背外侧带血管蒂的骨瓣移植4例,带第2掌背动脉掌骨基底骨瓣移植1例。通过平均10个月的随访,观察骨折愈合和腕关节功能改善情况。结果：骨折全部愈合。腕关节功能评价：优6例,良1例,可1例。结论：该手术疗效较好,操作简单,副损伤小,是治疗腕舟骨骨不连的有效方法之一。     

应用带血运桡骨茎突骨瓣治疗腕舟骨骨折和骨缺损

目的探讨以桡动脉返支为蒂桡骨茎突骨瓣治疗腕舟骨骨折和骨缺损的治疗效果。方法对19例第2、3型腕舟骨骨折患者行桡动脉返支为蒂的桡骨茎突骨瓣移植,克氏针交叉加压固定治疗舟骨嵌入骨折13例;同时应用带血运的桡骨瓣重建因磨损、吸收所致的舟状骨缺损6例。结果19例腕舟骨骨折和骨缺损患者,X线示骨折全部骨性愈合,舟状骨形态恢复正常。采用改良Gartland—Werley腕关节功能评分标准进行评估：优16例,良2例,中1例。结论桡动脉返支为蒂桡骨茎突骨瓣移植治疗腕舟骨骨折和骨缺损效果肯定。     

陈旧性腕舟骨骨折的治疗分析

目的 通过对腕舟骨骨不连三种治疗方法的临床观察与分析，探讨治疗腕舟骨骨不连接的有效手术方法。方法 从1988年－2001年，采用桡骨茎突切除加植骨术治疗腕舟骨骨折骨不连11例，桡骨茎突切除植骨加游离骨膜移植术5例，带血管筋膜蒂的第二掌骨骨瓣移位术6例。结果 术后22例获得随访，随访时间4个月－12年，骨性愈合率100％，愈合时间为3－4个月，腕关节功能完全恢复，无腕关节不稳、创伤性关节炎等并发症发生。结论 三种手术方法有各自的适应证：桡骨茎突切除加植骨适用于无坏死的陈旧舟骨骨折；桡骨茎突切除植骨加游离骨膜移植适用于舟骨断端植骨后有间隙，软骨缺损的舟骨骨折；带血管筋膜蒂的第二掌骨骨瓣适用于舟骨近端无菌坏死的舟骨骨折。     

以第一、二伸肌腱鞘支持带上动脉为血管蒂的桡骨瓣治疗舟骨骨不连

目的 探讨以第一、二伸肌腱鞘支持带上动脉(1,2 ICSRA)为血管蒂的桡骨瓣带蒂逆行转移治疗舟骨骨不连的手术指征、技术和疗效.方法 2007年2月至2010年10月,我科对15例舟骨骨不连患者,应用以1,2 ICSRA为血管蒂的桡骨瓣远端蒂转移植骨内固定进行治疗.其中腰部骨不连9例,近端骨不连6例.9例伴有近端骨折块缺血性坏死;3例伴有舟状骨弓背畸形及嵌入体背伸不稳(DISI);2例伴有桡骨茎突关节炎表现.所有病例均采用腕桡侧纵形切口,13例予以交叉克氏针内固定,2例行单枚Herbert螺钉附加1枚克氏针固定.12例将带血管蒂植骨块从舟骨背侧嵌插植入,3例将植骨块楔形修整后自舟骨掌侧植入.术后随访骨折愈合时间、腕痛、腕关节活动度及握力等情况.结果 术后随访时间为6～ 21个月,平均13个月,2例失访.所有随访病例X线片显示舟骨均获得骨性愈合,平均愈合时间为14.2周.所有患者腕痛消失,腕关节屈曲(59.92±4.82)°,背伸(49.73±4.58)°.根据改良的Mayo腕关节功能评分标准评定:优9例,良2例,可2例;优良率为84.6％.结论 以1,2 ICSRA为血管蒂的桡骨瓣逆行转移植骨手术,能促进舟骨骨不连的愈合,特别对有近端骨块缺血性坏死的患者疗效显著.     

带第一、二伸肌室间支持带上动脉的桡骨茎突骨瓣植骨结合Herbert钉固定治疗腕舟骨骨折不愈合

目的 观察采用带第一、二伸肌室间支持带上动脉(the 1st,2nd intercompartmental supra-retinacular artery,1,2-ICSRA)的桡骨茎突骨瓣植骨结合Herbert钉固定治疗腕舟骨骨折不愈合的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2014年11月至2016年4月于湖北医药学院附属人民医院骨关节外科采用带1,2-ICSRA血管蒂的桡骨茎突骨瓣植骨结合Herbert钉固定治疗腕舟骨骨折不愈合的17例病人的临床资料,对比其手术前后的改良Mayo腕关节评分和疼痛视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分.结果 17例病人的平均随访时间为6.3个月(3.5～12.0个月).无周围血管、神经、肌腱损伤或一过性感觉神经失用等并发症发生,带1,2-ICSRA的桡骨茎突骨瓣无松动及脱落;术后6个月骨折均愈合.术前及末次随访时的Mayo腕关节评分分别为(63.13±5.38)分、(86.38±3.25)分,VAS评分分别为(3.04±1.04)分、(1.04±0.69)分,差异均有统计学意义(t=-18.125,P=0.000;t=7.841,P=0.000);按Mayo腕关节评分:优10例,良6例,可1例,差0例,优良率为94.12％.结论 采用带1,2-ICSRA的桡骨茎突骨瓣植骨结合Herbert钉固定治疗腕舟骨骨折不愈合可取得良好的临床效果.     

桡动脉茎突返支蒂桡骨瓣移植治疗舟骨骨折不愈合

目的观察桡动脉茎突返支为血管蒂的桡骨茎突骨瓣移植术治疗舟骨骨折不愈合的临床效果。方法 2005年7月至2011年3月,采用桡动脉茎突返支蒂桡骨瓣植入垂直于舟骨骨折线的相等大小骨槽的方法治疗18例舟骨骨折不愈合患者。结果所有18例舟骨骨折不愈合患者均获10～48个月,平均17个月随访。骨折愈合时间2～6个月,平均4个月。根据Herbert-Fisher舟骨骨折分级评价,患者满意度0级16例,1级2例;临床腕关节功能评分0级17例,1级1例;影像学检查结果0级18例。结论桡动脉茎突返支蒂桡骨瓣移植术治疗舟骨骨折不愈合,具有解剖学可靠、易于操作、预后良好的临床应用价值。     

Percutaneous screw fixation or cast immobilization for nondisplaced scaphoid fractures

BACKGROUND: Nondisplaced scaphoid fractures treated with prolonged cast immobilization may result in temporary joint stiffness and muscle weakness in addition to a delay in return to sports or work. Fixation of scaphoid fractures with a percutaneous cannulated screw has resulted in a shorter time to union and to return to work or sports. The purpose of this prospective, randomized study was to compare cast immobilization with percutaneous cannulated screw fixation of nondisplaced scaphoid fractures with respect to time to radiographic union and to return to work. METHODS: Twenty-five full-time military personnel with an acute nondisplaced fracture of the scaphoid waist consented to be randomized to either cast immobilization or fixation with a percutaneous cannulated Acutrak screw (Acumed, Beaverton, Oregon) for the purpose of this study. Time to fracture union, wrist motion, grip strength, and return to work as well as overall patient satisfaction at the time of a two-year follow-up were evaluated. RESULTS: Eleven patients were randomized to percutaneous cannulated screw fixation, and fourteen were randomized to cast immobilization. The average time to fracture union in the screw fixation group was seven weeks compared with twelve weeks in the cast immobilization group (p = 0.0003). The average time until the patients returned to work was eight weeks compared with fifteen weeks in the cast immobilization group (p = 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the range of motion of the wrist or in grip strength at the two-year follow-up evaluation. Overall patient satisfaction was high in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous cannulated screw fixation of nondisplaced scaphoid fractures resulted in faster radiographic union and return to military duty compared with cast immobilization. The specific indications for and the risks and benefits of percutaneous screw fixation of such fractures must be determined in larger randomized, prospective studies.     

陈旧性舟骨骨折的手术疗效分析

目的 探讨陈旧性舟骨骨折的治疗方法及临床疗效.方法 2005年6月至2008年6月,对16例陈旧性舟骨腰部骨折患者,采用腕关节背侧入路,去除骨折处硬化骨后加自体骨植骨,并用Herbert螺钉加克氏针进行固定.术后定期复查X线片,观察骨折愈合情况.根据Krimmer评分评估腕关节功能.结果 术后16例获得随访(平均为8.5个月),所有骨折均获得愈合,平均愈合时间为16周.按Krimmer评分:优8例,良5例,可2例,差1例;优良率达81.3%.结论 对于陈旧性舟骨骨折,通过自体骨植骨及Herbert钉加克氏针内固定,能取得较理想的临床效果.

Abstract：

Objective To discuss the surgical methods and treatment effects of old scaphoid fractures.Methods From June 2005 to June 2008, 16 cases of old scaphoid waist fractures were treated by debridement of necrotic bone, autologous bone graft and Herbert screw plus Kirschner wire internal fixation through a dorsal approach. Postoperative X-rays were taken on a regular basis to observe fracture healing. Wrist function was evaluated according to Krimmer score. Results Postoperatively the 16 cases were follow-up for an average of 8.5 months. All the fractures healed and the average healing time was 16 weeks. Krimmer score determined wrist function to be excellent in 8 cases, good in 5 cases, fair in 2 cases and poor in 1 case. The overall satisfactory rate was 81.3%. Conclusion Herbert screw and K-wire internal fixation combined with autologous bone graft can attain good clinical results in the treatment of old scaphoid fiactures at the waist.     

双空心螺钉内固定术治疗Herbert B型腕舟骨骨折

目的探讨采用2枚微型空心螺钉内固定术治疗腕舟骨骨折的临床疗效。方法对13例腕舟骨骨折采用双空心螺钉行切开复位内固定术,均选择掌侧入路,早期功能锻炼。术后评估腕部疼痛、腕关节活动度、手部握力及骨折愈合情况,并用Krimmer评分法评估疗效。结果 13例均获随访,随访时间12～32个月,平均15个月。骨折均一期愈合,治愈率为100%。愈合时间为4～9周,平均6周。11例活动度与健侧相同,无疼痛等不适感觉。2例桡偏和掌屈欠5°～10°,腕关节掌屈时感轻度疼痛,无其他并发症。按Krimmer评分法评估总体疗效:优11例,良2例。结论采用双空心螺钉切开复位内固定治疗腕舟骨骨折,愈合率高,功能恢复好,是治疗腕舟骨骨折的一种较好方法。     

Percutaneous fixation of scaphoid fractures.

The scaphoid proximal pole and waist fractures presented here were treated by a novel dorsal percutaneous technique with arthroscopic assistance. All fractures healed, with good final functional results and no complications. The advantages of the dorsal percutaneous approach to scaphoid fixation are: (1) the proximal-to-distal placement of the guide pin and screw allow for more precise placement along the central axis of the scaphoid, which decreases healing time and reduces risk of screw thread exposure. (2) The dorsal approach avoids injuring the vulnerable volar ligament anatomy. And (3) the insertion of the screw from the proximal to distal direction allows the more rigid fixation of proximal scaphoid fractures. Arthroscopy allows confirmation of fracture reduction and screw implantation as well as evaluation of concurrent ligament injuries not detected with standard imaging. Percutaneous K-wires act as joysticks to reduce and compress fracture fragments prior to fixation. The presented technique allows for early, rigid internal fixation with minimal associated morbidity. Patients successfully treated with this technique include those with stable and unstable acute fractures of the scaphoid at all locations, including the proximal pole. Nondisplaced fractures that present with delayed or fibrous union without evidence of avascular necrosis, cyst formation, or bony sclerosis may also be treated with this technique. This technique allows for faster rehabilitation and an earlier return to work or avocation without restriction once CT scan confirms a solid union. Some articles document extraordinary rapid healing by standard radiographs; however, we caution that scaphoid bone healing cannot accurately be determined without CT scan. Percutaneous, arthroscopically assisted internal fixation by a dorsal approach may be considered in all acute scaphoid fractures selected for surgical fixation. The dorsal guidewire permits dorsal and volar implantation of a cannulated screw along the central axis of the scaphoid. This technique permits the reduction of displaced fractures and the stable repair of fractures of the proximal pole. In addition, selected scaphoid fibrous union or delayed union may also be repaired, with realistic expectations of healing. The proven benefits of the percutaneous technique include decreased soft tissue trauma; arthroscopic visualization of the fracture, ensuring anatomic reduction; and stable fixation, allowing early physical rehabilitation. The theoretical benefits of the technique include decreased risk of interruption of the tenuous scaphoid blood supply. Percutaneous internal fixation of scaphoid fractures provides faster rehabilitation, earlier return to work, and quicker bony union in most patients.     

掌侧入路AO双螺纹空心加压螺钉治疗舟骨骨折

目的 探讨掌侧人路AO双螺纹加压空心螺钉治疗舟骨骨折的适应证、手术方法及疗效.方法 2000年3月-2008年1月,通过透视机下复位,取掌侧入路AO双螺纹加压螺钉固定治疗2l例新鲜舟骨骨折.术后定期复查X线片,观察骨折愈合情况,按Krimmer评分方法评估腕关节功能.结果 术后21例获得3～24个月的随访,平均15个月.21例骨折均为Ⅰ期愈合,愈合时间平均为10周.按Krimmer法评分:优15例,良4例,可2例;优良率为90.5%.结论 对于舟骨腰部骨折,通过术中透视机下复位,经掌侧入路应用AO双螺纹加压螺钉固定,手术操作简便,创伤小,术后可早期进行活动,能有效提高骨折愈合率,功能良好.     

Treatment of scaphoid fractures and nonunions

Scaphoid fractures are common but present unique challenges because of the particular geometry of the fractures and the tenuous vascular pattern of the scaphoid. Delays in diagnosis and inadequate treatment for acute scaphoid fractures can lead to nonunions and subsequent degenerative wrist arthritis. Improvements in diagnosis, surgical treatment, and implant materials have encouraged a trend toward early internal fixation, even for nondisplaced scaphoid fractures that could potentially be treated nonoperatively. Despite the advent of newly developed fixation techniques, including open and percutaneous fixation, the nonunion rate for scaphoid fractures remains as high as 10% after surgical treatment. Scaphoid nonunions can present with or without avascular necrosis of the proximal pole and may show a humpback deformity on the radiograph. If left untreated, scaphoid nonunions can progress to carpal collapse and degenerative arthritis. Surgical treatment is directed at correcting the deformity with open reduction and internal fixation with bone grafting. Recently, vascularized bone grafts have gained popularity in the treatment of scaphoid nonunions, particularly in cases with avascular necrosis. This article reviews current concepts regarding the treatment of scaphoid fractures and nonunions.     

Acutrak screw fixation versus cast immobilisation for undisplaced scaphoid waist fractures

Fifty-three patients with less than 14 day-old, undisplaced fractures of the waist of the scaphoid were randomized to two groups. Twenty-eight patients were treated by immobilisation in a below elbow plaster cast for 10 weeks while 25 were treated by percutaneous insertion of an Acutrak standard screw. There were no statistically significant differences between the two treatment groups with regard to either the rate of union or the time to union. Patients who underwent surgery had a significantly better range of motion at 16 weeks but there were no significant differences for grip strength. Acute percutaneous internal fixation of undisplaced scaphoid waist fractures using the Acutrak screw allows early mobilisation without adverse effects on fracture healing.     

Comparison of headless screws used in the treatment of proximal nonunion of scaphoid bone

Screws with different levels of compression force are available for scaphoid fixation and it is known that the Acutrak screw generates greater compression than the Herbert screw. We retrospectively compared two types of headless compression screw for their effectiveness in the repair of scaphoid nonunion. Twenty-nine cases of proximal scaphoid nonunion were surgically treated with non-vascularised bone graft: the Acutrak screw was used in 17 patients and the cannulated Herbert screw in 12 patients. Wrist range of motion, Mayo wrist score, grip strength and QuickDASH scores were indicators used for the functional evaluation. Radiographic findings were assessed for consolidation of nonunion and signs of arthrosis. The mean follow-up time was 49.2 months (range 12–96). Statistically, there was no significant difference between the Acutrak and Herbert screw types in terms of functional evaluation and time required for consolidation. Greater compression did not influence the functional outcome, consolidation rate or time to consolidation. The need for greater compression in the treatment of proximal scaphoid nonunions is thus questionable because it may increase the risk of proximal fragment communition.     

Entwicklung der navigierten Versorgung von Kahnbeinfrakturen

Percutaneous screw fixation of nondisplaced scaphoid fractures has gained popularity but remains technically demanding. Internal fixation has been advocated in young active individuals with nondisplaced scaphoid fractures to accelerate healing, allow early wrist motion, and avoid the disadvantages with prolonged immobilization. Central placement of the screw in the proximal fragment of the scaphoid is associated with decreased time to union. The newly developed universal scaphoid splint results in complete immobilization of the wrist and allows either a dorsal or palmar surgical approach. The universal scaphoid splint offers adequate reference marker stability and successful 2D/3D-navigated fluoroscopic K-wire drilling and screw placement in the scaphoid bone. Biomechanic studies, cadaver investigations, and early clinical results support the advantages of computer-assisted surgery (CAS) compared to percutaneous screw placement.     

Minimally invasive management of scaphoid fractures

Percutaneous internal fixation of scaphoid fractures allows for more predictable union and less morbidity than cast treatment or open internal fixation. This technique is appropriate for both acute scaphoid waist and proximal pole fractures, as well as selected nonunions. A headless cannulated compression screw (standard Acutrak) is implanted via a dorsal percutaneous approach using fluoroscopy and arthroscopy to confirm position and reduction. The details of this technique are reviewed. In a consecutive series of 27 fractures treated with arthroscopic assisted dorsal percutaneous fixation, eighteen fractures were treated acutely and 9 were treated more than 1 month after injury. CT scan confirmed 100% union rate at an average of 12 weeks with no complications.