青蒿素、蒿甲醚、青蒿琥酯对伯氏鼠疟原虫的疗效及杀虫速度比较研究

报告了以伯氏鼠疟原虫正常株红内期无性体感染小鼠为模型，在同一实验条件下，用青蒿素及其衍生物蒿甲醚、青蒿琥酯的不同剂型、不同给药途径所进行的疗效和杀虫速度实验结果。发ＥＤ＿（９０）比较疗效，青蒿素水悬剂口服疗效较低，改为水悬剂、油悬剂肌注，效价分别提高２．５和１２倍；其衍生物蒿甲醚油溶剂肌注、青蒿琥酯（钠盐）水溶液肌注、静注，效价分别提高５２、１５和８倍。其中蒿甲醚效价最高。以疟原虫下降回归系数（ｂ）比较杀虫速度，青蒿琥酯的杀虫速度最快。上述结果表明，青蒿素在改变给药途径、剂型及化学结构改变为蒿甲醚、青蒿琥酯后，抗疟活性显著提高。提示青蒿素的抗疟活性有进一步研究改进的潜力．     

维生素E与青蒿琥酯的抗疟机制

在鼠疟模型上观察了维生素Ｅ对青蒿琥酯抗疟作用的影响。流式细胞仪的测定结果表明，青蒿琥酯可抑制疟原虫ＤＡＮ的合成，而补充维生素Ｅ后这种作用减弱。可见宿主体内维生素Ｅ的水平可影响青蒿琥酯的抗疟作用。     

抗药性疟疾的化疗

综述了７０年代以来抗疟药研究的进展，介绍了抗疟新药甲氟喹、青蒿素、青蒿琥酯、蒿甲醚、咯萘啶、卤泛群及配伍用药治疗抗氯喹恶性疟临床研究的基本概况。     

青蒿琥酯联合伯氨喹治疗恶性疟疾疗效观察

目的：观察青蒿琥酯联合伯氨喹治疗恶性疟疾的临床疗效。方法：恶性疟疾120例,随机分为对照组和观察组各60例。对照组给予青蒿琥酯静脉注射,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上加服伯氨喹片。疗程均为7天。比较两组临床疗效、退热时间及疟原虫清除时间。结果：观察组痊愈率显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）;随访28天,观察组无复燃病例,对照组复燃率15．0％,两组比较,差异非常显著（P〈0．01）。观察组退热时间及疟原虫清除时间均显著短于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：青蒿琥酯联合伯氨喹治疗恶性疟疾治愈率高、复燃率低,效果优于单用青蒿琥酯。     

磷酸萘酚喹对人恶性疟原虫体外药效测定

磷酸萘酚喹对人恶性疟原虫体外药效测定单成启，高徐生（北京军事医学科学院微生物学流行病学研究所北京１０００７１）磷酸萘酚喹是我所药化室设计合成的抗疟新药。动物药效学试验结果表明，该药对伯氏鼠疟原虫正常株和抗氯喹株的抗疟效价均高子氯喹和其它抗疟药。为探索...     

脑疟佳对鼠疟药效的研究

以伯氏疟原虫小鼠体内实验系统,采用“4天抑制实验”及杀虫速度实验方法,对脑疟佳作了药效观察,同时与常用的疟疾治疗药在同一条件下进行了对比实验.实验结果表明,脑疟佳与所试药物相比较,具有疗效高、杀虫速度快及与氯喳无交叉抗药性的特点。     

青蒿琥酯对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞的放射增敏作用

目的 探讨青蒿琥酯对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞的放射增敏作用。方法 应用⁶⁰Co γ射线照射细胞,吸收剂量率为0.635 Gy/min,照射剂量为0、1、2、4和6 Gy。采用MTT法检测青蒿琥酯对HeLa细胞的抑制作用,确定青蒿琥酯的最适实验作用浓度。克隆形成法检测青蒿琥酯对HeLa细胞放射敏感性的影响;采用"多靶单击数学模型"拟合HeLa细胞的剂量-存活曲线,得出平均致死剂量、准阈剂量及放射增敏比,评价其增敏效果。用流式细胞术检测HeLa细胞凋亡率,进一步检测青蒿琥酯对HeLa细胞的放射增敏性。结果 青蒿琥酯对HeLa细胞的抑制作用随药物浓度的增加而增加,单纯照射1、2、4和6 Gy细胞的克隆形成率分别为91.67%、82.02%、58.60%和25.01%,加入青蒿琥酯后,相同照射剂量下克隆形成率分别降低为74.93%、60.53%、22.38%和5.05%;单纯照射组与药物+照射组的平均致死剂量(D₀)分别为2.95和2.07 Gy,准阈剂量(D_q)分别为2.01和1.24 Gy,放射增敏比(SER)为1.43。单纯2和6 Gy照射组细胞凋亡率分别是12.26%和40.08%,加入青蒿琥酯后,相同照射剂量下细胞凋亡率分别上升至22.71%和59.92%。结论 青蒿琥酯对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞的抑制作用成药物浓度依赖性;青蒿琥酯对HeLa细胞具有一定的放射增敏作用。     

本芴醇对疟原虫DNA含量及溶酶体pH值的影响

目的：探讨本芴醇的抗疟作用机制。方法：采用流式细胞术（FCM）分析了本芴醇和氯喹对鼠伯氏疟原虫K173株DNA含量及溶酶体PH值的影响。结果：对照组疟原虫DNA含量在各时间点没有显著变化,本芴醇单次给药后,随时间推移疟原虫DNA含量逐渐减,药后2h两给药组疟原虫红内期DNA含量开始降低,到16h降到最低,但药后24hDNA含量又有回升,本芴醇单次给药后1h起疟原虫溶醇体PH值开始升高,药后3h升至最高,药后4h原虫溶酶体PH值恢复复至药前水平。对照药氯喹对疟原虫DNA含量和溶酶体PH值也有相同影响,结论：本芴醇的抗疟作用与其抑制DNA合成相关,但与其升高溶酶体PH值的关系不明确。     

青蒿琥酯诱发大鼠骨髓红细胞微核

青蒿琥酯是新抗疟药青蒿素的水溶性衍生物。本实验通过大鼠骨髓微核试验对其遗传学毒性进行了研究。结果表明，青蒿琥酯１００－３００ｍｇ／ｋｇ单次尾静脉注射后６ｈ均诱发早期微核，并与剂量呈正相关。青蒿琥酯４８和９６ｍｇ／ｋｇ（分别相当于临床剂量的２０和４０倍）给药后６、１２、２４ｈ引起骨髓多染红细胞（ＰＣＥ）微核频率增高，ＰＣＥ／ＮＣＥ（正成红细胞）比率下降，２４ｍｇ／ｋｇ（临床剂量的１０倍）对微核率及Ｐ     

青蒿琥酯对S180实体瘤的抑制作用

目的:研究青蒿琥酯的体内抗肿瘤作用。方法:每只小鼠腋窝皮下接种1∶10S-180细胞悬液0.2ml,24h后每天给予腹腔注射不同剂量青蒿琥酯,连续10d。结果:实验表明,腹腔注射100mg/(kg·d)、150mg/(kg·d)和200mg/(kg·d)对S-180具有明显的抑制作用,抑瘤率分别为19.10%、28.30%和31.80%。结论:青蒿酯在体内具有抗小鼠S180实体肿瘤作用。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

人体中的镭-226、镭-228、钋-210、铅-210

本文报道了广东阳江高本底地区6名、对照地区8名人尸体的骨²²⁶Ra、²²⁶Ra的浓度以及部分居民内脏器官中。²¹⁰Po、²¹⁰Pb的浓度。结果轰明阳江高本底地区和对照地区居民骨镭-226、镭-228的浓度分别为29.9pCi/kg, 26.9pCi/kgl 8.7pCi/kg, 8.2pCi/kg.由此估算出阳江高本底地区屠民骨中²²⁶Ra、²²⁸Ra的负薄璧及对骨衬、骨髓所产生的剂量当量分别为对照地区民民的3.4倍, 3.3倍。两地区居民内脏器官中^{210Po、210Pb的测定分析铡数较少但仍看出, 高本底地区均明显高于对照地区.}     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).