电解可脱性弹簧圈栓塞颅内动脉瘤的体会

目的　评价电解可脱性弹簧圈栓塞 (GDC)治疗颅内动脉瘤的疗效并总结GDC的操作要点。方法　DSA检查 32例 ,发现颅内动脉瘤共 34枚 ,其中前交通动脉瘤 16枚 ,后交通动脉瘤 14枚 ,大脑中动脉动脉瘤 2枚 ,大脑后动脉 ,眼动脉各 1枚。随后用GDC进行栓塞治疗。结果　 32例 (34枚 )颅内动脉瘤栓塞成功 ,其中完全致密栓塞 (瘤颈完全封闭 ) 2 0例 ,部分栓塞 (瘤体、瘤颈可见残余 ) 12例。并发动脉瘤破裂 1例 ,治疗后痊愈。并发脑血管痉挛 2例 ,治疗后 1例遗留轻偏瘫。术后 1年内随访 6例 7枚动脉瘤 ,无明显变化。结论　GDC栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤是一种安全可靠、有效的治疗方法 ,术者的操作技术及对并发症的正常处理是影响手术成败的重要因素 ,对部分栓塞者有必要随访观察。     

可脱性弹簧圈栓塞治疗脑血管痉挛期颅内动脉瘤

目的　探讨可脱性弹簧圈在脑血管痉挛期 (4～ 14d)栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的方法及效果。方法　 2 0 0 4年 3～ 8月共栓塞颅内动脉瘤 14例 ,其中颈内动脉瘤 1例 ,后交通动脉瘤 8例 ,前交通动脉瘤5例 ,所有患者均在 4～ 14d内采用DCS MATRIX材料进行栓塞。结果　 11例栓塞 10 0 % ,2例栓塞 70 %～ 90 % ,1例栓塞 5 0 % ;其中有 6例发现有脑血管痉挛。结论　在脑血管痉挛期 ,血管内栓塞动脉瘤也是一种安全、微创、有效的治疗方法。     

伴有脑血管痉挛破裂颅内动脉瘤的栓塞治疗

目的　 探讨伴有脑血管痉挛 (CVS)破裂颅内动脉瘤的栓塞治疗经验。方法　回顾 2 4例脑血管造影显示有CVS的破裂颅内动脉瘤的血管内治疗。Hunt&Hess1 5级分别有 2、8、7、4和 3例。前交通动脉瘤 8例、后交通动脉瘤 10例 ,颈内动脉床突旁动脉瘤 3例 ,大脑中动脉动脉瘤 3例。采用全麻下 ,超选动脉瘤囊内弹簧圈 (GDC或EDC)栓塞后 ,动脉内注射 0 .3%罂粟碱 ,部分血管痉挛改善不明显者予行球囊血管成形术 ,术后均给予“三高”治疗。结果　脑血管造影CVS位于动脉瘤近端 9例、远端 5例、两者均有 10例。CVS位于一侧 13例、双侧 6例、弥漫性 5例。 2 2例成功地进行了动脉瘤栓塞和动脉内注射罂粟碱 ,并有 4例行球囊血管成形术 ,动脉瘤 10 0 %闭塞 17例、闭塞 90 %以上 5例。 2例因微导管无法通过载瘤动脉而放弃。本组无栓塞术中动脉瘤破裂和载瘤动脉闭塞 ,球囊成形术者没有出现动脉夹层瘤或破裂。随访无动脉瘤再出血 ,GOS优良 17例、中重残 3例、死亡 2例。结论　伴有CVS的动脉瘤行血管内治疗并不增加危险 ,可同时治疗动脉瘤和伴发的CVS ,可降低因等待手术而发生的院内再出血和改善CVS患者的预后 ,降低病死率和残废率。     

烟雾病合并颅内血流相关性动脉瘤的血管内治疗

目的探讨烟雾病合并颅内血流相关性动脉瘤的血管内治疗。方法 2010年1月—2012年3月收治8例烟雾病合并颅内动脉瘤患者,经CT检查证实6例为蛛网膜下腔出血,1例为脑室内出血,1例为缺血症状。对患者行血管内栓塞治疗,其中采用单纯弹簧圈栓塞5例,支架辅助栓塞1例(基底动脉顶宽颈动脉瘤),氰基丙烯酸正丁酯液态胶栓塞1例,1例失败。结果 7个动脉瘤位于Willis环周围,1个动脉瘤位于胼周动脉远段分支动脉。8例中,7例经血管内栓塞治疗成功,动脉瘤栓塞术后5 min复查造影,完全栓塞4例,几乎完全栓塞2例,不完全栓塞1例,术后随访结果良好。结论血管腔内栓塞治疗烟雾病合并颅内动脉瘤安全、有效,对外周动脉型动脉瘤也可予栓塞治疗。     

颅内动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗的手术配合

目的总结颅内动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗术中护理配合的经验。方法对145例采用弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的患者进行术前充分准备、规范的术中护理配合,包括心理护理、生命体征监测、并发症预防及处理等。结果经过介入治疗及规范的术中护理配合,本组术中4例血管痉挛,2例血栓形成,3例动脉瘤破裂,经及时有效处理后,均成功完成栓塞治疗。结论规范的术中护理配合、生命体征的监护、并发症的预防及及时有效处理等均是保证手术成功的关键。     

颅内动脉瘤介入栓塞术30例的观察与护理

目的 探讨颅内动脉瘤介入栓塞术的临床观察与护理情况.方法 分析2010年1月-2017年1月患有颅内动脉瘤介入栓塞术的30例患者的临床资料,分析其术前术后的临床症状以及护理情况.结果 经过治疗后,30例患者中有23例瘤腔完全闭塞,占比为76.7%,7例为不完全闭塞,占比为23.3%.术后患者没有出血病例,语言功能障碍的患者2例(6.7%),护理后恢复良好,偏瘫患者5例(16.7%),护理后恢复良好,死亡患者2例(6.7%).结论 颅内动脉瘤患者介入栓塞术后需要对患者进行密切的观察,并采取一定的护理措施,防止并发症的发生,提高患者的生活质量.     

4D-CTA联合全脑灌注成像在颅内动脉瘤术后随访中的应用价值

目的 利用4D-CTA联合全脑灌注成像的方法评估颅内动脉瘤术后血管及血流动力学改变.方法 回顾性分析49例颅内动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)术后的患者,所有患者均于发生SAH 3 ～ 14天内行全脑灌注成像检查.使用西门子公司SyngoMMWP后处理工作站,用Inspace软件重组4D-CTA图像,以VPCT Neuro软件,生成脑血流量(CBF)、血容量(CBV)、达峰时间(TTP)、延迟时间(TTD)及平均通过时间(MTT)伪彩图.在检查残余动脉瘤的同时判断有无脑血管痉挛及其他血管病变,并用灌注参数评估SAH继发的迟发性脑缺血情况及其他并发症.结果 4D-CTA共检出59个颅内动脉瘤的术后改变.其中动脉瘤夹闭术后50个,栓塞术后9个.1例前交通动脉瘤夹闭术后存在残留动脉瘤.2例患者发现颅内其他部位存在动脉瘤.4D-CTA上18例患者共28条血管出现血管痉挛.共29例患者的伪彩图上出现异常灌注区域,其中23例患者为迟发性缺血,2例患者为血管夹压迫相关脑缺血,4例患者为手术操作损伤相关脑缺血.结论 4D-CTA可清晰显示动脉瘤术后有无瘤体残留、动脉瘤夹及栓塞材料与载瘤血管的关系.4D-CTA联合全脑灌注成像可同时显示宏观上的血管痉挛及灌注上的微循环改变.全脑灌注成像可显示术后多种并发症所导致的血流动力学改变.     

电解铂金微弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤中并发症原因及防治

目的探讨电解铂金弹簧圈(GDC)栓塞治疗颅内囊状动脉瘤术中并发症及防治。方法对162例患者171枚颅内动脉瘤栓塞中出现9例并发症,其中5例动脉瘤破裂出血,立即中和肝素继续栓塞,2例GDC脱出动脉瘤立即手术取出,动脉瘤夹闭,2例血栓形成,术中溶栓,术后均采用腰穿置管持续引流,解痉及对症处理。结果5例恢复良好,2例永久性轻度功能障碍,2例死亡。结论GDC栓塞颅内动脉瘤术中发生并发症与手术操作,动脉瘤患者血管条件有关。     

全脑血管CT血管成像 数字减影血管造影检查和介入栓塞治疗在颅内动脉瘤中的诊断和治疗价值

目的探讨全脑血管CT血管成像（CTA）、数字减影血管造影（DSA）检查及介入栓塞治疗在颅内动脉瘤中的诊断和治疗价值。方法回顾性分析我院26例颅内动脉瘤病例的CTA与DSA资料,其中14例接受颅内动脉瘤的介入栓塞治疗。结果 CTA和DSA在颅内动脉瘤检出情况无明显差异;就显示动脉瘤大小,形态及其载瘤动脉和周围血管方面DSA检查优于CTA检查。14例动脉瘤介入栓塞治疗患者中无1例死亡,术后行DSA血管造影显示动脉瘤完全栓塞;2例术中出现血管痉挛,使用药物后缓解。结论CTA可以作为筛选颅内动脉瘤的首选检查方法,DSA在观察动脉瘤附近重要的穿支动脉血管方面明显优于CTA;介入栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤是安全有效的,可以明显减少动脉瘤再次破裂出血,改善预后。     

血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的 总结血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤经验。方法 股动脉Seldinger穿刺,先后应用MagicBD,Tracker-16,Tracker-10和Cordis 3F/2.5F微导管,送入球囊、不同长度的国产、进口游离微弹簧圈,配用MDS、GDC系统送入不同长度微弹簧圈、治疗颅内动脉海绵窦段动脉瘤5例、后交通动脉瘤1例、颈内动脉C2段动脉瘤3例、椎动脉颅内段动脉瘤3例、大脑后动脉瘤P2段动脉瘤1例,治疗颅内动脉C3－4段假性动脉瘤5例。结果 本组无1例死亡。球囊闭塞颈内动脉海绵窦段动脉瘤5例均痊愈,无并发症;微弹簧圈栓塞治疗动脉瘤栓塞达100％者9例、95％者2例,其中1例因血管痉挛遗留轻瘫,1例因MDS到位后不能顺利解脱导致部分脱垂于颈内动脉和大脑中动脉2cm,遗留轻瘫;5例假性动脉瘤完全治愈;闭塞载瘤动脉及动脉瘤的2例椎动脉完全治愈。结论 颈内动脉海绵窦段动脉瘤只要前、后交通动脉侧支循环代偿良好,可脱球囊闭塞载瘤动脉是安全有效的。微弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤是一种有发展前途的治疗方法。     

电解可脱性微弹簧圈血管内栓塞颅内动脉瘤的临床研究

目的 总结以电解可脱性弹簧圈血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的技术要点、并发症及其防治经验，并客观评价其治疗效果。方法 对136例颅内动脉瘤患者采用经皮股动脉穿刺行全脑选择性血管造影术，应用电解可脱性弹簧圈进行动脉瘤囊内栓塞；术后早期处理出血并有效的对症治疗。结果 成功栓塞136个动脉瘤，132例痊愈，4例死亡，病死率2．9％。动脉瘤腔100％闭塞者123个，95％闭塞者8个，90％闭塞者5个。术中并发动脉瘤破裂3例，脑血管痉挛7例；术后2例弹簧圈末端逸出。3例复发者经二次补充栓塞而治愈。全组出现与栓塞技术相关的并发症13例。术后随访6～54个月均无再出血。结论 对颅内动脉瘤采用电解可脱性弹簧圈进行血管内囊内栓塞疗效可靠；早期诊断、早期治疗、正确处理术中并发症、提高栓塞技术及积极有效的术后处理是减少术后并发症、提高治愈率的重要方法。     

Neuroform3支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞脑宽颈动脉瘤的长期随访疗效

目的评价Neuroform3支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞脑宽颈动脉瘤的长期随访疗效。方法2007年至2011年应用Neuroform3支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞118例脑动脉瘤,其中86例为破裂出血性动脉瘤,32例为未破裂动脉瘤,76例在出血72 h内实施了治疗。术后对患者进行脑血管造影和临床随访。结果支架准确释放115例(97.5%),因为血管扭曲和痉挛失败植入支架1例,支架移位2例。实施单纯支架植入2例,采用微导管经支架网眼技术66例,支架后释放技术49例。术后即刻造影示动脉瘤完全栓塞87例(74.4%),次全栓塞30例(25.6%)。术中无动脉瘤破裂出血事件发生,术后症状性脑梗死3例,无症状性脑梗死5例。术后随访6～60个月,平均26.8个月,共随访到105例,复查1～5次脑血管造影,完全栓塞99例(84.6%),次全栓塞病例中11例(36.7%)存在血栓形成;9例(7.7%)瘤体复发,其中5例进行了再次治疗达到完全栓塞,术后所有患者均无再出血,除3例外,所有患者支架内无明显狭窄。结论 Neuroform3支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞脑宽颈动脉瘤安全、有效,仍需更长期的随访和多中心研究。     

Continuous intra-arterial infusion of nimodipine during embolization of cerebral aneurysms associated with vasospasm

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Despite rigorous efforts, cerebral vasospasm remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients who survive their initial subarachnoid hemorrhage. In cases of intracranial ruptured aneurysm associated with vasospasm, we evaluated the effectiveness of combined embolization of an aneurysm and intra-arterial infusion of nimodipine, which continued during the entire procedure.Materials and METHODS: Ten patients with ruptured aneurysms associated with vasospasm who were treated in a single session were reviewed retrospectively. After initial intra-arterial infusion of nimodipine (1–2 mg within 10–15 minutes), they underwent occlusion of the aneurysm with coils under continuous intra-arterial infusion of nimodipine at a dose of 1 mg per hour.RESULTS: Angiography showed severe proximal vasospasm in 1 patient, proximal and distal in 3 patients, and distal in 3 patients. There was also moderate proximal vasospasm in 4 patients, proximal and distal in 1 patient, and distal in 1 patient. Complete occlusion of the aneurysm was achieved in 5 patients, incomplete occlusion in 3 patients, and a small neck remnant in 2 patients. Final angiograms also demonstrated complete clearance of a proximal spasm in 4 patients, and complete clearance of proximal and distal spasms in another 4 patients. Mean initial dose of nimodipine was 1.375 mg, and mean continuous infusion dose was 1.275 mg (mean total dose, 2.65 mg). No medical complications related to extended infusion of nimodipine occurred.CONCLUSION: In this small series, extended intra-arterial infusion of nimodipine up to the end of the embolization procedure was effective and safe in patients with a ruptured aneurysm and associated vasospasm. This technique seems to increase the security of the procedure as well as force further vasorelaxation when the endovascular route is used to treat both the aneurysm and vasospasm in a single step.

The current optimized approach for patients with a ruptured intracranial aneurysm is to secure the aneurysm early (usually within 3–4 days), either surgically or endovascularly, then apply triple-H therapy alone or in combination with intra-arterial chemical or mechanical angioplasty to overcome vasospasm if it is apparent clinically.¹ In cases of an aneurysm of a high clinical grade or accompanying medical problems that preclude an open surgical procedure, in patients who are candidates for open surgery initially but cannot be operated on later for any reason, and because of other obstacles (ie, geographic distance to referral center) that delay initial intervention, an endovascular interventionalist may encounter an aneurysm along with vasospastic cerebral arteries.Here we describe a simple technique that involves both procedures of aneurysmal embolization and intra-arterial infusion of a vasorelaxing drug in such patients with significant vasospasms.     

Endovascular treatment of middle cerebral artery aneurysms with electrolytically detachable coils

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms often have an unfavorable aneurysm geometry that might limit endovascular therapy. Our purpose was to analyze the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of coil embolization in a consecutive series of MCA aneurysms chosen for endovascular treatment. PATIENTS AND TECHNIQUES: Of 235 MCA aneurysms seen at our institution during the past 5 years, 36 patients harboring 38 MCA aneurysms were primarily selected for coil embolization: 18 patients had an acute subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), 16 of which were due to a ruptured MCA aneurysm. SAH was classified according to Hunt and Hess grade: I (5), II (7), III (5), IV (0), and V (1). RESULTS: Complete occlusion could be achieved in 33 of 38 aneurysms. In 5 aneurysms, coil embolization was not performed because of an unfavorable aneurysm geometry with a wide neck or incorporation of adjacent branches (3) or failed because of insecure coil placement (1) or severe vasospasm (1). Procedural complications included coil protrusion into the parent artery (1), and thromboembolic M2 occlusion (5), with recanalization in 4 of 5 cases. Of 8 aneurysms with initial subtotal occlusion, 3 progressed to total occlusion during follow-up. Three aneurysms had to be retreated, and no patient rebled. Glasgow Outcome Scale at 6 months for the patients with SAH (17/18) was good recovery (12), moderate disability (4), severe disability (0), persistent vegetative state (0), and death (1); outcomes for patients with an incidental aneurysm (17/18) were good recovery (16) and moderate disability (1). CONCLUSION: Endovascular coil embolization can be performed safely and effectively in selected MCA aneurysms. Initial subtotal aneurysm occlusion might progress to total occlusion.     

联合血管内外神经介入技术治疗急性期破裂颅内动脉瘤

目的　评估联合血管内外神经介入技术治疗急性期破裂颅内动脉瘤 (aneurysm ,AN)的疗效。方法　对 4 0例急性破裂期AN采用电解脱弹簧圈栓塞 ,随后穿刺腰蛛网膜下腔 ,导丝导向的微导管在透视下插管至枕大池 ,2h后注入 10万U尿激酶 (UK)溶解血块并经微导管持续引流血性脑脊液。根据CT复查结果决定是否继续注射UK。结果　AN栓塞及枕大池插管均获成功 ,无技术相关并发症 ,术后 3～ 7d时的CT见所有患者脑池内的出血消失。除 1例有一过性症状性脑血管痉挛 (CVS)外 ,其余患者无症状性CVS、所有患者无AN再出血。结论　联合血管内外神经介入技术既闭塞了AN ,又清除了蛛网膜下腔积血 ,可防止再出血和继发性CVS的发生 ,达到了对因、对症治疗的双重目的。     

Ruptured intracranial aneurysms: acute endovascular treatment with electrolytically detachable coils--a prospective randomized study

PURPOSE: To compare the use of electrolytically detachable coils versus surgical ligation for the management of acutely ruptured intracranial aneurysm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective randomized study included 109 patients with acute (< 72 hours) subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by a ruptured aneurysm (Hunt and Hess grade I-II [n = 67], grade III [n = 26], or grade IV-V [n = 16]). All patients were suitable candidates for both endovascular and surgical treatment and were randomly assigned to undergo coil embolization (n = 52) or surgical ligation (n = 57). RESULTS: Significantly better primary angiographic results were achieved after surgery in patients with anterior cerebral artery aneurysm (n = 55, P = .005) and after endovascular treatment in those with posterior circulation aneurysm (n = 11, P = .045). No significant differences were seen in middle cerebral artery (n = 19) or internal carotid artery (n = 24) aneurysms. Early rebleeding occurred in one patient after incomplete coil embolization. The technique-related mortality rate was 4% in the surgical group and 2% in the endovascular group. Clinical outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale score) at 3 months was not significantly different between treatment groups in terms of intended treatment modality. No late rebleedings had occurred at the time of this writing. CONCLUSION: In selected patients with a recently ruptured intracranial aneurysm, favorable results were achieved by using endovascular treatment. Subsequent acute or late open surgery was sometimes required. The clinical outcome at 3 months was comparable in the endovascular and surgical treatment groups.     

电解式可脱弹簧圈栓塞颅内动脉瘤的并发症及防治

目的 总结电解式可脱弹簧圈（GDC）栓塞颅内动脉瘤的并发症及防治经验。方法 用GDC栓塞动脉瘤108例，有20例出现24例次并发症，对其发生的原因及防治方法进行回顾性分析。结果 并发症中，动脉瘤破裂10例次，过度栓塞5例次，弹簧圈脱出动脉瘤5例次，血栓形成4例次，动脉瘤破裂后立即中和肝素，并力争继续栓塞止血，10例中死亡4例、重度残疾1例、轻度残疾1例，其余4例恢复正常。采用扩血管、溶栓、抗凝和升压等处理对过度栓塞、弹簧圈脱出和血栓形成进行治疗，5例过度栓塞中死亡1例、4例恢复正常；弹簧圈脱出动脉瘤5例中重度残疾1例、轻度残疾1例、其余无后遗症，血栓形成4例中死亡1例、遗有感觉性失语1例，余2例恢复正常。本组死亡5例(4.6%)，永久性神经功能缺失4例。结论 正确处理术中并发症、深刻理解动脉瘤和载瘤动脉的解剖形态特点、提高栓塞技术有 地减少并发症、提高治愈率。     

烟雾病合并动脉瘤的临床特征及诊治探讨

目的探讨烟雾病合并动脉瘤的临床表现、影像学特征以及治疗。方法回顾性总结经全脑血管造影证实6例烟雾病合并脑动脉瘤患者临床表现、影像学特点及治疗方法。结果 6例均表现为出血性脑血管疾病,均为主要动脉型动脉瘤。3例行动脉瘤栓塞术治疗,2例行动脉瘤夹闭术,1例未行手术治疗,手术患者均获得良好的效果。结论烟雾病合并动脉瘤可导致不同类型的颅内出血,主要动脉型动脉瘤主要为蛛网膜下腔出血,可进行显微外科手术治疗或血管内栓塞治疗。DSA是诊断烟雾病合并动脉瘤的金标准。