韦氏成人智力量表第四版中文版的信度和结构效度

目的:考察韦氏成人智力量表第四版(WAIS-Ⅳ)中文版的信度和结构效度.方法:以年龄、性别、受教育程度为主要变量按比例分层取样,全国16岁以上人口中的实际有效样本1757人,应用WAIS-Ⅳ中文版对样本进行个体智力测验,其中84名被试间隔22d后接受WAIS-Ⅳ中文版的重测.结果:WAIS-Ⅳ中文版的平均信度系数在分测验、过程分数、合成分数上分别为0.82 ～0.94、0.79 ～ 0.83,0.90 ～0.98.重测信度在分测验上为0.68～0.86,过程分数为0.61 ～0.72,合成分数上是0.78 ～0.91.内部相关性研究在言语理解各分测验间为0.65 ～0.71,知觉推理各分测验为0.49～0.57,工作记忆各分测验为0.61,加工速度各分测验为0.61.4个指数分数与全量表智商分数的相关为0.76～0.88.验证性因素分析表明量表的四因素结构拟合较好(RMSEA=0.05,NFI、NNFI、CFI、IFI、RFI、GFI、AGFI均＞0.90,SRMR=0.024).结论:韦氏成人智力量表第四版中文版具有良好的信度和结构效度.     

重复性成套神经心理状态测验的信度、效度分析

目的:对用于精神障碍患者认知功能测评的重复性成套神经心理状态测验(Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status,RBANS)中文版的信度和效度作初步验证.方法:从北京市城乡方便取样,做横断面调查,451名健康人群完成RBANS测验,其中97人同时完成简易韦氏成人智力、韦氏记忆测验考察效标效度;41人间隔12周再次进行了RBANS测验.对获取的数据进行相关分析和因子分析.结果:反映内部一致性的Cronbach α系数在RBANS总量表为0.90,在即刻记忆、视觉广度、言语功能、注意、延迟记忆分量表分别为0.86,0.68,0.67,0.85,0.80.总量表的重测信度为0.90,5个分量表的重测信度分别为0.65,0.68,0.53,0.80,0.79(P均＜0.01).以简易韦氏成人智力、韦氏记忆测验为效标,结果除简易韦氏成人智力量表的言语得分与RBANS量表的视觉空间因子间相关性无统计学意义,RBANS与简易韦氏成人智力和韦氏记忆量表总分和各因子分均存在有统计学意义的正相关(r=0.21-0.59,P均＜0.01).验证性因素分析结果x2/df为4.13,相对拟合指数(CFI)为0.91,非范拟合指数(NNFI)为0.93,近似均方根误差(RMSEA)为0.079.12个分测验的完全标准化解(MI)分别为:0.80,0.74,0.61,0.38,0.61,0.90,0.66,0.60,0.81,0.60,0.81,0.73.结论:重复性成套神经心理状态测验是一个信效度比较好的认知功能评定工具.     

中学生学业能力倾向测验的效度研究

目的:对中学生学业能力倾向测验进行效度研究.方法:确定效度检验指标,采集数据,使用SPSS11.0和Amos4.0软件对所得数据进行分析.结果:(1)探索性因素分析表明各分测验对基本能力因子均有中度以上的负荷,抽取的三个因子解释了总方差的65.4%(A式)和66.2%(B式).验证性因素分析的拟合指数AGFI、CFI、NNFI均在0.96以上,RMSEA小于0.05,χ2/df小于3.(2)测验总分与长-鞍团体智力测验总分的相关为0.73(A式)和0.52(B式),与教师评定的相关在0.51～0.67.(3)测验分数在不同年级之间、不同类学校之间,文理科班之间、男女生之间存在显著差异(P<0.05).(4)学习成绩的回归分析可见,语文及数理分量表进入考试总成绩的回归方程,beta为0.27、0.49(A式),0.39、0.23(B式),回归方程的决定系数为0.46(A式)和0.29(B式).结论:中学生学业能力倾向测验具有理想的结构效度和较好的效标关联效度,适用于中学生学业能力倾向的评量.     

军人一般能力测验的信度及效度分析

目的编制《军人一般能力测验》问卷,并对其进行信效度研究。方法运用重测信度法和pearson相关法计算相关,研究重测信度以及效标关联效度;运用Kaiser标准化的正交旋转法研究结构效度。结果探索性因素分析结果表明,军人一般能力测验量表存在的5个独立维度(KMO=0.78,P0.01);量表的内部一致性系数为0.89,各维度的内部一致性系数介于0.82~0.91之间;问卷中各维度之间具有显著相关(r=0.19~0.67,P0.05),各维度与总分具有很高的相关性(r=0.47~0.78,P0.01),表明量表信度和效度良好。问卷总分与被试年龄无显著相关;问卷各维度与韦氏智力测验相应部分有显著相关(r=0.615~0.977,P0.01);问卷各维度得分与20门学习科目考试成绩有显著相关(r=0.436~0.983,P0.01),表明量表的效标关联效度较好。结论《军人一般能力测验》具有较高的信度和效度,具有一定的实用性。     

小学生(四-六年级)学习能力倾向测验的初步编制Ⅱ:效度检验

目的：验证小学生（四—六年级）学习能力倾向测验的效度。方法：采用探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析研究测验的结构效度：对测验分数与教师的评定等级进行相关分析，比较样本中来自不同等级学校、不同年级，或性别不同的学生之间测验得分的差异，以检验同时效度：以回归分析检验测验分数对语文、数学考试成绩的预测效度。结果：①探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析均证实了原先设想的测验结构；②语文分量表的分数与教师评定的语文学习能力等级相关为0．53（A卷）或0．58（B卷），数理分量表分数与教师评定的数学能力等级相关为0．58（A卷）或0．56（B卷），空间分量表分数与数学能力等级相关为0．25（A卷）或0．3l（B卷）；各个分测验分数大体上均呈随年级而逐步递增的趋势；各分测验的得分呈现优等学校〉中等学校〉差等学校的趋势；女生在某些语文分测验上的分数明显优于男生（P均〈0．05或0．01）；（爹第一主成分回归的决定系数分别为：语文0．471（A卷）或0．386（B卷），数学0．491（A卷）或0．362（B卷）（P均〈0．001）。结论：测验具有良好的结构效度、同时效度和预测效度。     

世界卫生组织残疾评定量表第2版中文版在精神残疾评定中的信效度检验

目的:检验世界卫生组织残疾评定量表第2版中文版(WHO-DASⅡ)在精神残疾评定中的信度和效度,以探讨其在精神疾病患者中的适用性.方法:对218例精神残疾者进行WHO-DASⅡ评定,采用相关分析和Cronbach α系数检验量表内部一致性信度;应用探索和验证性因素分析检验量表结构效度;以不同精神疾病的得分差异检验量表的实证效度.结果:总量表内部一致性Cronbach α系数为0.93,6个分量表α系数在0.69～0.94之间;评定者一致性为0.93.除分量表6外其余5个分量表内部各条目间、6个分量表之间以及分量表与总分之间均呈正相关(r =0.17 ～0.91,P＜0.05).探索性因素分析显示,6个因子累积解释的总方差为63.68％,所有因子特征根均大于1;但各因子包含题项均与原量表不一致;验证性因素分析显示原量表结构与样本的拟合度较差(x2/df=4.24,P＜0.001、GFI=0.57、NFI=0.58、CFI =0.64、RMSEA =0.12).器质性精神障碍组的总分和理解与交流、身体移动、自我照料3个分量表得分均高于情感性精神障碍组和精神分裂症组(P＜0.05).结论:世界卫生组织残疾评定量表第2版中文版具有较好的内部一致性信度和实证效度,但结构效度不理想,有待进一步探索和验证.     

武警用简式明尼苏达人格调查表的适用性研究

目的:根据武警部队大规模群体测验的需要,将MMPI进行分量表及条目筛减后构成简式MMPI,检验其作为人格评估工具进行武警部队兵员筛选、工作安置之适用性。方法:对940名战士施测MMPI后,根据武警部队特点及测验目的筛选分量表,根据测验条目区分度筛选条目,组成简式MMPI,随机整群取样3095名战士,对简式MMPI进行条目分析及信度和效度分析。结果:简式MMPI60%的条目鉴别指数在0.2以上,比原MMPI条目的鉴别指数(53%)提高。各分量表的重测相关系数在0.58-0.85之间(P<0.01)。实证效度检验显示,简式MMPI对精神分裂症患者与正常人群的区分达到显著水平(P<0.01)。各分量表与领导评定的各维度间有不同程度显著相关,量表总分与领导评定总分相关0.49。结论:武警用简式明尼苏达人格调查表符合心理测量学的要求,可做武警部队的人格评估工具。     

工作记忆成套测验的编制及在小学生中的初步效度分析

目的：编制一种工作记忆的成套评估工具，并在小学生中初步检验其使用效度。方法：工作记忆成套测验（the Working Memory Battery，WMB）南数字排序、数字倒背、空间排序、空间后退、Stroop数字计数、数字划销、阅读速度和计算速度8个分测验组成，归纳为听觉工作记忆，视觉工作记忆、执行功能、加工速度四个维度。96名小学4-6年级学生接受了工作记忆成套测验及龚氏非文字智力测验的图案接龙、图形分类、填数型分测验．中国修订韦氏儿童智力测验（C-WISC）的分类和心算分测验，以及范小玲、龚耀先编制的4～6年级多重成就测验的阅读分测验的测量。结果：工作记忆成套测验各分测验与其所属维度呈高度相关（r=0．767～0．919），与其他维度呈中、低相关（r=0．107～0．760）。探索性因素分析提取出两个因子，两因子累计可解释方差变异的62．069％。除非文字智力测验的罔形分类测验与听觉工作记忆和执行功能维度无明显相关外，工作记忆四个维度与非文字图形分类、填数型、图案接龙、韦氏分类、韦氏算术以及阅读测验均有显著相关。结论：工作记忆成套测验具有较好的结构效度和效标效度，可进一步扩大样本，建立全国或区域常模。     

洛阳市汉族老人龚氏非文字智力测验常模的制订

目的 :建立龚氏非文字智力测验 (GNIT) 5 6岁以上汉族正常老人区域性常模。方法 :分层取样 ,按年龄、性别、地域、文化程度和职业等变量来分层。抽取河南洛阳市的 5 6～ 10 1岁老年人 14 6 0名。男女接近各半 ,分成 8个年龄组。分三种常模 ,即原始分、离差量表分和离差标准分。结果 :4 0名老人相隔 1～ 2周进行重测 ,各分测验原始分重测相关系数为 0 .5 9～ 0 .89,总原始分重测相关系数为 0 .83;各分测验原始分两两相关系数为 0 .35～ 0 .6 3;5 0名老人在本测验的标准分与我国修订的韦氏成人智力量 (WAIC -RC)的VIQ ,PIQ和FIQ的相关系数分别为 0 .4 3,0 .5 1和 0 .5 4。结论 :本测验在汉族老人中的信效度比较满意。本测验是测量汉族老人智力的有效手段之一     

多项能力倾向测验的初步编制

目的 :把长 -鞍团体智力测验发展成为多项能力倾向测验以供职业选拔之用。方法 :根据工作分析与借鉴范例来建构MAT。随机整群在武警湖南总队取 991人实测。对其中 4 5人相隔 2 3天重测 ,进行条目及信效度分析。结果 :各分测验难度在 0 .38～ 0 .6 0之间 ,总体难度是 0 .5 0 ,具有有效区分效度 (0 .2 0以上 )的条目占 85 %以上。重测相关系数为 0 .79,总分α系数为 0 .80。效度检验结果符合心理测量学结果。结论 :多项能力倾向测验的建构合理 ,达到了编制目的。     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

Counterpointing the functional role of the forebrain and of the brainstem in the control of the sleep-waking system

This paper reviews the lifetime contributions of the author to the field of sleep-wakefulness (S-W), reinterprets results of the early studies, and suggests new conclusions and perspectives. Long-term cats with mesencephalic transection show behavioral/polygraphic rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), including the typical oculo-pupillary behavior, even when the section is performed in kittens prior to S-W maturation. REMS can be induced as a reflex. Typical non-rapid eye movement S (NREMS) is absent and full W/arousal is present only after a precollicular section. The isolated forebrain (IF) rostral to the transection exhibits all features of W/arousal and NREMS [with electroencephalographic (EEG) spindles and delta waves], arousal to olfactory stimuli, and including the appropriate oculo-pupillary behaviors. These features also mature normally after neonatal transection. REMS is absent from the IF. After deprivation there is NREMS pressure and rebound in the IF, but the decerebrate cat only shows pressure for REMS. Most IF reactions to pharmacologic agents are within expectations, except for the tolerance/withdrawal effects of long-term morphine use which are absent. In contrast, these effects are supported by the brainstem (i.e. seen in the decerebrate cat). In cats with ablation of the telencephalon, or diencephalic cats, delta waves are absent in the thalamus. EEG thalamic spindle waves are seen triggering S for only 4-5 days after ablation. Therefore, true NREMS is absent in chronic diencephalic cats although pre- and postsomniac behaviors persist. These animals are hyperactive and show a pronounced, permanent insomnia; however, a low dose of barbiturate triggers a dramatic REMS/atypical NREMS rebound. Cats without the thalamus (athalamic cats), initially show a dissociation between behavioral hyperactivity/insomnia and the neocortical EEG, which for 15-20 days exhibits only delta and slower oscillations. Fast, low-voltage W rhythms appear later on, first during REMS, but spindle waves and S postures are absent from the start, such that these cats also display only atypical NREMS. Athalamic cats also show barbiturate-sensitive insomnia. Cats with ablation of the frontal cortices or the caudate nuclei remain permanently hyperactive. They also show a mild, but significant hyposomnia, which is permanent in afrontal cats, but lasts for about a month in acaudates. The polygraphic/behavioral features of their S-W states remain normal. We conclude and propose that: (a) the control of the S-W system is highly complex and distributed, but is organized hierarchically in a well-defined rostro-caudal manner; the rostral-most or highest level (telencephalon), is the most functionally complex/adaptative and regulates the lower levels; the diencephalic/basal forebrain, or middle level, has a pivotal role in inducing switching between S and W and in coordinating the lowest (brainstem) and highest levels; (b) W can occur independently in both the forebrain and brainstem, but true NREMS- and REMS-generating mechanisms exist exclusively in the forebrain and brainstem, respectively; (c) forebrain and brainstem S-W processes can operate independently from each other and are preprogrammed at birth; this helps understanding normal and abnormal polygraphic/behavioral dissociations in humans and normal dissociations/splitting in aquatic mammals; (d) NREMS homeostasis is present in the IF, but only REMS pressure after deprivation persists in the decerebrate cat; (e) the thalamus engages in both NREMS and W; (f) insomnia in diencephalic cats is the result of an imbalance between antagonistic W- and S-promoting cellular groups in the ventral brain (normally modulated by the telencephalon); (g) the EEG waves, which are signature for each S-W state, appear to truly drive the concomitant behaviors, e.g. a hypothetical human IF could alternate between behavioral NREMS and W/arousal/awareness; (h) a role for REMS is to keep the individual sleeping at the end of the self-limiting NREMS periods. The need for accelerating research on telencephaling NREMS periods. The need for accelerating research on telencephalic S-W processes and downstream control of the lower S-W system levels is emphasized.     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Ultrastructure of the endothelium of the drainage system of the eye

The endothelium of the ocular drainage system (Schlemm’s canal, collector tubules, and aqueous veins) in primary juvenile glaucoma undergoes degenerative dystrophic changes with compensatory hypertrophy and proliferation at the initial stages of the glaucomatous process and atrophy and desquamation at advanced and terminal stages. Progressive decrease in the pinocytous function of endotheliocytes, reduction of the protein-synthesizing and mitochondrial compartments of the cytoplasm, and formation of autophagosomes reflect the process of endotheliocyte degeneration in general. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 145, No. 5, pp. 574–577, May, 2008     

The development of the ligament of the head of the femur

The hip joints of 30 human male and female fetuses and stillborns between 20 mm and 350 mm crown-rump length were studied by light microscopy. The ligament of the head of the femur developed in situ as a condensation of mesenchyme at the end of the second month of intra-uterine life (IUL), and was vascularized by branches of acetabular vessels early in the fourth month. In the majority of fetuses older than 5.5 months IUL, vessels in the ligament passed a short way into the femoral head within cartilage canals, to supply a small region around the fovea capitis. The remainder of the head was supplied by vessels in canals from around the upper part of the neck. The ligament changed from predominantly cellular to fibrous during the last 4 months of IUL. This increase in strength suggested significant mechanical functions in utero: limitation of adduction-flexion and opposition to postero-superior dislocation were the most likely.     

电磁辐射生物效应的机理研究述评

电磁辐射好似一束带刺儿的玫瑰,她所奉献的物质文明绚丽多彩,日新月异;但人类在享用的同时,也必须提防被刺儿扎着。随着社会的发展,环境中的电磁辐射剂量（能量密度）会呈几何级数式增长。有人把电磁污染称为除空气、水、噪声污染以外的第四类污染。而且是看不见、听...