口腔放线菌对白假丝酵母菌拮抗作用的体外实验研究

目的观测3种口腔放线菌对白假丝酵母菌的生长有无抑制作用。方法采用直接点种法观察抑菌圈,分别采用反点种菌落计数法和液体共培养法,观察在口腔放线菌作用下白假丝酵母菌菌落数量的变化。结果1）各实验组均未观察到清晰的抑菌圈;2）在黏性放线菌软琼脂上的白假丝酵母菌菌落数较对照组明显减少（P<0.05）;在溶牙放线菌和内氏放线菌软琼脂上无明显白假丝酵母菌生长,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;黏性放线菌组与溶牙放线菌组、内氏放线菌组相比,白假丝酵母菌生长差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;3）分别与3种放线菌共培养的白假丝酵母菌菌落数量减少,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;3个实验组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论口腔黏性放线菌、溶牙放线菌和内氏放线菌对白假丝酵母菌的体外生长有抑制作用。     

口腔链球菌对白假丝酵母菌的拮抗作用

目的 观测3种口腔链球菌对白假丝酵母菌的生长有无抑制作用.方法 采用直接点种法、反点种菌落计数法和液体共培养法观测口腔变异链球菌、血链球菌、唾液链球菌对白假丝酵母菌的拮抗作用.结果 1)直接点种法中各组均未观察到清晰的抑菌圈;2)唾液链球菌软琼脂上的白假丝酵母菌菌落数较对照组减少(P<0.05);3)活菌与白假丝酵母菌...     

PIPS联合纳米银对根管粪肠球菌抗菌效果研究

目的 探究激光引发光声流系统(PIPS)和纳米银(AgNPs)联合使用对根管内粪肠球菌生物膜的抗菌效果。方法 收集36颗单根管离体牙,建立粪肠球菌感染根管实验模型,将样本随机分成6组,采用0.9%NaCl、2%NaClO、0.1%AgNPs溶液分别联合传统手动冲洗(CNI)或PIPS对根管进行冲洗,使用菌落计数法测定治疗前后根管内粪肠球菌生物膜菌落数,并计算菌落计数减少的百分比。结果 所有实验组粪肠球菌生物膜的抑制效果均强于对照组(P<0.05),使用PIPS辅助0.9%NaCl、2%NaClO、0.1%AgNPs冲洗组的降幅均分别大于CNI辅助0.9%NaCl、2%NaClO、0.1%AgNPs冲洗组(P<0.05)。PIPS辅助0.1%AgNPs冲洗组的降幅明显大于PIPS辅助2%NaClO冲洗组(P<0.05)。结论 PIPS辅助AgNPs溶液冲洗可以显著提高根管内粪肠球菌生物膜的清除效果。     

法尼醇对白念珠菌和粪肠球菌混合生物膜体外抑制作用的研究

目的 探讨法尼醇对白念珠菌和粪肠球菌混合生物膜的抑制作用。 方法 采用微量平板法制备24 h和48 h白念珠菌和粪肠球菌混合生物膜,每组膜分别加入不同浓度法尼醇（100～800 μmol/L）培养24 h,XTT减低法检测法尼醇对白念珠菌和粪肠球菌混合生物膜的抑制作用,倒置显微镜下观察混合生物膜形态,激光共聚焦显微镜下观察法尼醇对白念珠菌和粪肠球菌混合生物膜的抑菌效果。 结果 法尼醇对白念珠菌和粪肠球菌混合生物膜有抑制作用,随着法尼醇浓度的增加,抑制作用呈上升趋势。培养24 h,抑制混合生物膜50%活性的法尼醇最低药物浓度（sessile minimum inhibitory concentration 50%,SMIC50）为150 μmol/L;培养48 h,抑制混合生物膜50%活性的法尼醇SMIC50为200 μmol/L。 结论 法尼醇对白念珠菌和粪肠球菌混合生物膜生长具有明显抑制作用。法尼醇对白念珠菌和粪肠球菌的混合生物膜抑制强度与法尼醇浓度和生物膜时相相关,高浓度法尼醇的抑制效果高于低浓度法尼醇。     

茶多酚、MTAD和次氯酸钠液抑制粪肠球菌及其生物膜的作用比较

目的:检测中药茶多酚、MTAD、52.5 g/L次氯酸钠抑制根管壁粪肠球菌生物膜的能力,并分析中药茶多酚作为根管冲洗液的可行性。方法:采用微孔板滴定法检测茶多酚,MTAD和52.5 g/L次氯酸钠液对粪肠球菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC),采用琼脂扩散实验检测3种抗菌剂对粪肠球菌的抑菌圈。通过建立粪肠球菌感染根管3周和6周的模型,分别用茶多酚、MTAD和52.5 g/L次氯酸钠液对粪肠球菌感染后的根管进行处理,然后对根管壁生物膜中的细菌生存情况进行定性定量分析,比较这3种根管冲洗液抗粪肠球菌生物膜的能力。结果:MIC、MBC和琼脂扩散实验显示:3组冲洗剂对粪肠球菌均有抑制作用。在粪肠球菌感染根管3周的生物膜中,MTAD和次氯酸钠液可以完全抑制粪肠球菌生物膜,茶多酚处理后虽仍有粪肠球菌生长,但明显低于生理盐水处理组的细菌生存数,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在粪肠球菌感染根管6周的生物膜中,次氯酸钠液可以完全抑制细菌生长,茶多酚和MTAD作用后仍有活菌生长,但与对照组相比,细菌生存数均显示了8个log值的下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:52.5 g/L次氯酸钠液具有很强的抑制根管内粪肠球菌生物膜作用,而茶多酚和MTAD也具有一定的抑制粪肠球菌生物膜的能力。     

唾液分泌型免疫球蛋白A对口腔白假丝酵母菌黏附的影响

目的 从唾液分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)的质量浓度和白假丝酵母菌黏附率变化的角度探讨人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者易感染口腔假丝酵母菌病的原因.方法 检测唾液sIgA的质量浓度,并通过体外黏附试验观察白假丝酵母菌标准株(SCAL)和临床分离株(CCAL)在含和不含sIgA环境中与颊上皮细胞的黏附率,比较HIV感染组与健康对照组口腔内白假丝酵母菌的黏附率.结果 HIV感染组sIgA的质量浓度低于健康对照组(P＜0.05);在含sIgA环境中,SCAL和CCAL的黏附率总体均值低于不含sIgA环境中SCAL和CCAL的黏附率总体均值,两组问差异有统计学意义(P=0.001):在含sIgA环境中,HIV感染组口腔中的白假丝酵母菌的黏附率明显高于健康对照组(P＜0.05).结论 HIV感染组易感染口腔假丝酵母菌病与唾液sIgA的质量浓度变化和白假丝酵母菌黏附力改变密切相关.     

白假丝酵母菌与龋病的相关性及其致龋机制

白假丝酵母菌是一种革兰阳性真菌微生物,广泛存在于健康人的上呼吸道、肠道和阴道中,当其与宿主处于共生状态时不会引起疾病,反之则由酵母相转化为菌丝相,导致口腔黏膜感染,引起口腔龋坏病变。在龋病患者的口腔生物膜上,变异链球菌和白假丝酵母菌之间可能存在某种互动关系并介导龋病的发展。白假丝酵母菌可与格氏链球菌紧密地黏附在一起,即格氏链球菌细胞壁表面的多糖是白假丝酵母菌黏附的受体之一。格氏链球菌可缓解群体感应机制对白假丝酵母菌菌丝相形成和生物膜生长的抑制作用,从而增加菌斑生物膜的量。本文就白假丝酵母菌,白假丝酵母菌与龋病的相关性,白假丝酵母菌与变异链球菌、格氏链球菌和其他口腔细菌相互作用参与龋病的发生发展的可能机制等研究进展作一综述,旨在为以后的临床研究提供思路和参考。     

大蒜素标准品DATS体外抗粪肠球菌生物膜作用的研究

目的:探讨不同浓度大蒜素对照品二烯丙基化三硫(dially trisulfide,DATS)体外对粪肠球菌生物膜的作用。方法:体外培养形成粪肠球菌生物膜,分别经1280、2560、5120 mg/L浓度的DATS作用后,采用MTT法观察DATS对生物膜粪肠球菌的抑菌率。结果:1280 mg/L DATS对对数期和饥饿期的生物膜粪肠球菌抑菌率约71%,显著高于对稳定期生物膜粪肠球菌的抑菌率58%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),随着药物浓度的增高,抑菌率增高。结论:DATS对生物膜中的粪肠球菌具有明显杀灭或抑制作用。     

中药对口腔致龋菌抑菌效果的实验研究

目的研究连翘、金银花、苦参、厚朴、虎杖、香薷、蒲公英和薄荷水煎剂对变异链球菌和白假丝酵母菌的体外抑制作用。方法将上述中药分别煎成初始质量浓度为1 g/m L的水煎剂,梯度稀释后对变异链球菌和白假丝酵母菌进行最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentraton,MIC)测定;采用荧光分光光度计计算活菌/死菌比例,分析中药的体外抑菌效果。结果连翘、金银花、苦参和虎杖对菌液的MIC值为12.5 mg/m L,厚朴的MIC值为50 mg/m L,香薷、薄荷和蒲公英无明显抑菌效果。荧光光谱分析发现金银花、厚朴和虎杖对变异链球菌的抑制效果(死菌/总细菌)最好,分别为43.5%、49.6%和43.6%;连翘、厚朴和虎杖对白假丝酵母菌也有较好的抑菌效果,依次为33.6%、28.4%和27.7%。结论 8种中药中,金银花、厚朴和虎杖对变异链球菌的抑菌作用较好,连翘、厚朴和虎杖对白假丝酵母菌的抑菌作用较好。     

再治疗根管内粪肠球菌的分离鉴定及其相关特性研究

目的:研究粪肠球菌在再治疗根管内的检出率及其相关特性(生长情况、生物膜形成能力及耐药性)。方法:收集临床病例样本54例,使用粪肠球菌选择性培养基和胆盐七叶苷琼脂进行分离培养。分离株通过16SrRNA测序法鉴定。将鉴定正确的粪肠球菌临床分菌株和作为对照的粪肠球菌标准株(EfATCC29212)用BHI培养基进行培养,分别对比其生长曲线、生物膜形成能力及耐药性。结果:收集临床病例样本54例,分离鉴定为粪肠球菌的有18例,检出率为33.33%。经统计分析:粪肠球菌在再治疗根管内的检出率在病人性别、年龄、患牙尖周稀疏大小及距离上次根管治疗时间长短等方面无统计学差异(P>0.05);但与上次根管治疗根充是否到位有关,欠填根管中粪肠球菌的检出率明显高于恰填根管(P<0.05),但不同欠填长度组间粪肠球菌的检出率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。此外,粪肠球菌临床分离株与对照菌株在生长曲线、生物膜形成能力及耐药性等方面均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:粪肠球菌在再治疗根管内的检出率为33.33%,其检出率与上次根管治疗根充情况有关。同时,粪肠球菌临床分离株与标准株的生长情况、生物膜形成能力及耐药性基本一致。     

Effects of pentoxifylline and tocopherol on an osteoradionecrosis animal model

PurposeOsteoradionecrosis (ORN) is known to be a refractory disease in the oral and maxillofacial field. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) and tocopherol (TP) on an ORN animal model focused on bone healing.Materials and methodsA total of 48 Sprague–Dawley rats were used: 40 received a single irradiation dose of 35 Gy on the left mandible, and eight were used as the nonirradiated control group. The rats received PTX (T1, C1), TP (T2, C2), a combination of PTX and TP (T3, C3), or normal saline (T4, C4). Three weeks after irradiation, the mandibular posterior teeth were extracted. The rats were sacrificed 4 weeks after extraction.ResultsIn the T3 group, bone volume/tissue volume was 19.62 ± 16.03 (%), bone mineral density was as 0.31 ± 0.16 (g/cm³) in the micro-CT analysis, which were higher than that of other groups (p = 0.025, p = 0.012, respectively). In the histological analysis, bone regeneration was the most prominent in the T3 group. The ratio of empty lacunae was the highest in the T4 group, 68.77 ± 15.47 (%, p = 0.004). Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of TNF-α was relatively lower in the T3 than in the T4 or T2 groups. The RT-qPCR showed the expression level of PECAM, VEGF-A, and osteocalcin was more than twofold as high as in the T3 group compared to the other groups.ConclusionThe combination of PTX and TP appears to promote angiogenesis and osteogenesis in a rat ORN model. Therefore, PTX and TP might be useful in the treatment and prevention of ORN.     

Sublingual hypoglossal neurilemmoma. Case report

Neurilemmomas of the peripheral segment of the hypoglossal nerve are extremely uncommon neoplasms. A rare case of hypoglossal neurilemmoma located in the sublingual space is reported and the differential diagnosis of sublingual mass lesions is discussed.     

慢性牙周炎伴2型糖尿病患者龈沟液中脂联素水平的检测及意义

目的：探究牙周炎伴2型糖尿病患者龈沟液中脂联素水平及意义。方法：纳入慢性牙周炎伴糖尿病患者（DM&CP）、慢性牙周炎患者（CP）、健康对照者（H）各20例,记录其临床指标（SBI、PLI、PD 和 AL）,并收集龈沟液（GCF）样本,用龈沟液测量仪 periotron8000对 GCF 进行定量,用脂联素 ELISA 试剂盒检测样本中脂联素含量,比较组间检测指标的差异以及临床指标与 GCF 中脂联素水平的相关性。结果：DM&CP 组 GCF 中脂联素水平显著低于其他2组（P ＜0．05）,CP 患者龈沟液脂联素水平与牙周健康组相比无统计学差异（P ＞0．05）。GCF 中脂联素水平与临床指标 PD 值、AL 值有负相关性（P ＜0．05）,与 SBI、PLI 无明显相关（P ＞0．05）。结论：龈沟液中脂联素水平降低可能与 DM&CP 发生发展有关。     

Sj gren综合征涎腺组织中性激素受体和芳香化酶的表达与意义

目的观察Sj(?)gren综合征(Sj(?)gren's syndrome,SS)涎腺组织中雌激素受体(ER)、雄激素受体(AR)以及芳香化酶(aromatase)的表达情况,探讨性激素对SS的作用机制。方法采用免疫组织化学法,检测22例SS涎腺组织和16例正常涎腺组织中ER、AR以及芳香化酶的表达情况。结果正常组与SS组ER的阳性率分别为56．25%(9/16)和77%27％(17/22),无显著性差异(P＞0．05)；AR的阳性率分别为87．50%(14/16)和50% (11/22),有显著性差异(P＜0．05)；芳香化酶的阳性率分别为32．25%(5/16)和68．18%(15/22),有显著性差异(P＜0．05)。SS唇腺、腮腺、颌下腺、舌下腺组织中,三者表达情况未见明显差异(P＞0．05)。结论SS涎腺病变与局部雄激素作用降低或丧失有关,组织中过高表达的芳香化酶可能是局部性激素素乱的作用机制。     

Graphite oxide bulk modified carbon paste electrode for the selective detection of dopamine: A voltammetric study

A novel electrochemical sensor for the selective and sensitive detection of dopamine (DA) in presence of large excess of ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) at physiological pH was developed by the bulk modification of carbon paste electrode (CPE) with biocompatible graphite oxide (GO). Very small quantity of GO in carbon paste matrix imparted selectivity through electrostatic interactions. The modifier was characterized using infrared spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. Large peak separation, good sensitivity and stability allow this modified electrode to analyze DA individually and simultaneously along with AA and UA. Applying differential pulse technique, DA could be detected even in the presence of 1000 fold excess of AA and UA. A linear dynamic range of 0.07–70 μM with detection limit of 1.5 × 10⁻⁸ M was obtained for DA. None of the bulk modified electrodes reported in the literature have shown such a low detection limit at the physiological pH. The practical application of the modified electrode was demonstrated by spiking the human blood serum and cerebral fluid with dopamine and the results obtained were satisfactory.     

Comparative evaluation of the mandibular distraction zone using ultrasonography and conventional radiography

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of ultrasonography (USG) for the evaluation of bone formation in the mandibular distraction wound and to compare this with radiographic evaluation, which is currently the standard modality. Twenty-two patients underwent mandibular distraction (30 sides) with a variety of distraction devices. The wounds were assessed with plain radiographs and USG at established time intervals. Estimates of bone formation using a semiquantitative bone fill score were made for radiographs and USG. USG bone fill scores were correlated with radiography scores. At week 4 the difference between the scores was statistically significant (P = 0.01); at all other time points, USG and radiography scores were comparable. At week 4, USG scores were significantly higher than the corresponding radiography scores, indicating that USG is an earlier indicator of calcification in the distraction zone as compared to radiography. USG evaluation of the distraction osteogenesis (DO) zone has many inherent advantages over conventional methods. The results of this study indicate that USG is an accurate non-invasive technique that may prove to be useful in assessing the mandibular DO regenerate in patients.     

应用颈椎骨龄定量分期法评价正常青少年上下颌骨垂直向及纵向变化的研究

目的：以颈椎骨龄定量分期法（QCVM）为划分标准,探讨QCVMI→Ⅳ期上下颌骨垂直向生长量、相对生长速率和生长完成百分比的变化特点。方法：对901名中小学生,每年定期拍摄正中位头颅侧位片及手腕骨片,连续6年,资料完整者87名（女55名,男32名）,组成8～18岁正常青少年的混合纵向资料。按照颈椎骨龄定量分期法（QCVM）,观察各期上下颌骨垂直向的变化。结果：①.上下颌骨垂直向各参数最大平均生长量均处于QCVM第Ⅱ期,最小生长量均处于QCVM第Ⅳ期;第二大生长量下颌处于第Ⅲ期,上颌处于第Ⅰ期;②.相对生长速率的快慢与生长量的大小并非完全一致。上颌前后部高度最大相对速率均处于QCVM第Ⅰ期,而下颌高度最大相对生长速率发生在第Ⅱ期,第Ⅰ期次之;③.下颌骨高度在QCVM第Ⅱ期结束时仍有约30%的生长潜力,而上颌骨前后高度在QCVM第Ⅱ期完成生长约85%,男女性别没有显著差异。结论：颈椎骨龄定量分期法能评估上下颌骨高度在不同的骨龄发育阶段的生长量、相对生长速率、生长完成百分比,对正畸临床有一定的参考价值。     

放射照射后牵张成骨下牙槽神经电生理变化的实验研究

目的:探讨放射照射后牵张成骨过程中下牙槽神经的电生理变化。方法:12只中国杂种犬随机分为A、B、C三组,A、B、C组为实验组,每组4只,单侧下颌A组接受总剂量22.8 Gy,5.7 Gy/4次/2周(相当于50 Gy/25次/5周),B组接受总剂量24.8 Gy,6.2 Gy/4次/2周(相当于60 Gy/30次/6周),C组接受总剂量27.2 Gy,6.8 Gy/4次/2周(相当于70 Gy/35次/7周)的⁶⁰Co放射照射。放射照射完成后3个月时,各组分别于照射区下颌骨切开,置入牵张器。经五天延迟期,以0.5 mm/次,2次/d的速度牵张下颌骨10 d,然后固定8周。分别于放疗前、放疗结束后、牵张前、牵张第6天、牵张完成即时、固定第2,4,8周8个时间点以神经电生理检诊仪测定神经电生理变化。结果:50 Gy和60 Gy组牵张过程中动作电位呈现适应性变化,70 Gy组不能完整导出动作电位。结论:低剂量放射照射不会单独对牵张过程中神经电生理变化造成影响,高剂量放射照射不能完成电生理检查。     

Relationship between horizontal condylar angle and radiographically detectable morphological changes of the condyle in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients with TMD

BackgroundThe relationship between horizontal condylar angle (HCA) measurements and radiographically detectable morphological changes of the condyle in patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is an area of controversy in dentistry.AimThis study sought to determine the effect of the HCA on radiographically morphological changes in the condyles of asymptomatic and symptomatic patients with TMD.Material & methodsCone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were used of patients with 146 temporomandibular joints (TMJ) with and without symptoms of TMD. The reconstructed axial plane was adjusted to depict the condyle in maximum width. The HCA was established and measured as the angle formed between the condylar long axis intersecting with the coronal plane. Each condyle long axial was determined independently from the other joint by two oral and maxillofacial radiologists. The average of the readings from the two examiners was used for statistical analysis.ResultsBased on the clinical symptoms, the mean of the HCA in the symptomatic joint was 27.69°, which was slightly greater than the angle measured in asymptomatic patients of 25.6°; however, this was not a statistical difference. No significant differences existed in the mean of the HCA between the joint with and without radiographic arthritic findings in both groups. In both groups, none of the arthritic findings manifested in the affected joint that had influenced the HCA.ConclusionThe HCA was increased in the symptomatic group but had no direct influence on joint's morphological changes in the asymptomatic and symptomatic patients.