应用Ilizarov技术微创治疗儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折的临床研究

[目的]探讨应用Ilizarov外固定架治疗儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折的疗效。[方法]2012年3月~2013年10月应用改良Ilizarov外固定架微创治疗儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折13例,年龄2~13岁,平均7.6岁;在尺骨适宜部位以直径2.5 mm螺纹半针固定3组半环形固定器,距尺骨鹰嘴3~5 cm处作尺骨横断截骨,术后1周沿尺骨长轴行纵向延长,每日1 mm,分6次完成,骨延长至肱桡关节间隙达5 mm时,停止尺骨纵向延长,依靠Ilizarov外固定器三组铰链不等距延长,使尺骨向与桡骨头脱位相反方向成角,桡骨头即缓慢复位。[结果]全部患儿均获随访,尺骨截骨处平均3.2个月骨性愈合,桡骨头复位稳定;肘关节伸屈和前臂旋转功能均有显著改善,肘关节伸屈在0°~130°,前臂旋前45°~85°,前臂旋后60°~90°。根据Mackay功能评定标准:优11例,良2例。[结论]应用Ilizarov技术微创治疗儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折有以下优点:(1)创伤小,尺骨背侧仅有1~1.5 cm切口;(2)操作方便,全部螺纹半针均在皮下可触及的尺骨上固定;(3)桡骨头复位稳定,随诊患儿无1例复发;(4)肘关节伸屈和前臂旋转功能恢复满意。本疗法值得临床推广应用。     

Ilizarov技术治疗陈旧性桡骨小头脱位

目的探讨应用改良Ilizarov半环形外固定架结合尺骨微创截骨延长成角治疗儿童陈旧性桡骨小头脱位的临床疗效。方法 2012年3月-2015年1月,应用改良Ilizarov半环形外固定架结合尺骨微创截骨治疗儿童陈旧性桡骨小头脱位14例。男12例,女2例;年龄2~13岁,平均7.2岁。先天性桡骨小头脱位1例,陈旧性孟氏骨折13例。Bado分型:Ⅰ型12例,Ⅲ型2例。比较手术前后肘关节伸屈及前臂旋前、旋后活动度;应用肘关节Mackay等功能评定标准评价疗效。结果手术时间50~65 min,平均58 min。患儿均获随访,随访时间6~33个月,平均21个月。均无切口、钉道感染和骨化性肌炎、桡骨小头再脱位发生。X线片复查示,尺骨截骨区均骨性愈合,愈合时间82~114 d,平均90 d;肱桡关系佳。肘关节伸屈和前臂旋前、旋后活动度均较术前明显改善,比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。末次随访时,根据Mackay等功能评定标准进行疗效评价:获优12例,良2例。结论改良Ilizarov半环形外固定架结合尺骨微创截骨治疗儿童陈旧性桡骨小头脱位,具有创伤小、去架方便、复位满意和有效避免尺骨截骨后骨不连等优点,远期疗效有待进一步随访。     

Ilizarov技术分期治疗青少年陈旧孟氏骨折

目的探讨Ilizarov技术分期治疗青少年陈旧孟氏骨折肘关节畸形的方法和临床疗效。方法回顾分析我院2014年6月至2017年6月收治的青少年陈旧孟氏骨折肘关节畸形病例5例,采用Ilizarov技术一期尺骨截骨延长,二期桡骨头脱位切开复位肱桡关节内固定术,三期解除肱桡关节克氏针和Ilizarov支架,四期强化功能锻炼。观察桡骨头脱位复位情况,尺骨成角矫正情况,尺骨延长长度,尺骨延长所需天数,尺骨愈合时间,肘关节屈伸活动度、前臂旋转功能、腕关节及手指伸直度情况等指标。结果 5例随访时间3~6个月,桡骨头复位良好,尺骨病理成角基本矫正,尺骨平均延长2.34cm,延长至合适长度平均需时48.6d,尺骨愈合时间平均78.4d。肘关节由术前伸5°~10°,屈50°~70°,旋前10°~20°旋后5°~15°改善为过伸5°~伸0°,屈100°~110°,旋前40°~75°,旋后40°~60°。无合并桡神经深支损伤的患者,伸指伸腕正常。2例桡神经深支损伤患者伸腕50°,伸指-20°。患者主观满意。结论 Ilizarov技术分期治疗青少年陈旧孟氏骨折肘关节畸形尺骨延长满意,愈合良好,桡骨头脱位复位可靠,不短缩桡骨,同时不重建环状韧带,方法简单,短期随访疗效满意,可供临床选择使用。     

儿童陈旧孤立性桡骨头脱位的诊断治疗

目的：探讨儿童陈旧孤立性桡骨头脱位的发生机理、诊断与治疗。方法：治疗儿童陈旧孤立性桡骨头脱位9例，将嵌夹于肱桡关节之间的组织，全部一次绕过桡骨头，拨向桡骨头移位侧，利用其移位后的张力，限制桡骨头再移位。结果：术后随访平均13个月，7例肘关节伸屈前臂旋转功能正常；1例前臂旋转功能受限30*；1例桡骨头半脱位。结论：孤立性桡骨头脱位与扭旋暴力有关。早期诊断，解除阻碍复位因素，疗效满意。     

尺骨截骨矫形关节囊松解紧缩治疗儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折

目的 :探讨儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折的手术治疗经验及治疗效果。方法 :自2013年1月至2017年12月治疗32例陈旧性孟氏骨折,男18例,女14例;年龄2~9(5.3±1.2)岁;均无桡神经损伤症状。患者术前症状为肘关节疼痛、畸形,屈伸及前臂旋转受限,X线示尺骨畸形愈合或呈"弓形征",桡骨头脱位或半脱位。术中作尺骨脊后方切口,在尺骨成角畸形最明显处行额状面长斜形截骨,然后采用Boyd切口显露肱桡关节及上尺桡关节,清理关节内的瘢痕组织,复位桡骨头,并在维持肘关节稳定的前提下,对尺骨截骨处进行处理,予钢板螺钉内固定。结果:32例患儿均随访,时间12~24个月,平均14.8个月,其中1例患儿出现术口感染。根据Mackay评定标准:32例患儿术后均无肘、腕关节疼痛症状,29例患儿肘关节屈伸活动度(130±5)°/0°,前臂旋前旋后活动度90°/(85±5)°;2例患儿肘关节屈伸活动度(119°/8°,121°/7°),前臂旋前旋后活动度(90°/75°,85°/60°);1例患者肘关节屈伸活动度90°/10°,前臂旋前旋后活动度80°/60°。优29例,良2例,中1例。结论:尺骨截骨矫形、肘关节后关节囊松解、前关节囊紧缩是治疗儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折的有效方法。     

尺骨截骨钢板内固定治疗儿童陈旧性桡骨头前脱位

目的：探讨尺骨截骨内固定手术治疗儿童桡骨头陈旧性前脱位的临床疗效。方法：2004年1月至2010年1月,采用切开复位桡骨头、尺骨上段截骨内固定治疗18例陈旧性桡骨头前脱位患者。其中男12例,女6例;年龄3～15岁,平均（6.9±1.3）岁;受伤至手术时间为5～65个月,平均（24.0±5.5）个月。所有患者术前均有肘关节屈伸活动和前臂旋转活动受限,但均无桡神经损伤,桡骨头无明显变形。结果：所有患者伤口均Ⅰ期愈合,未发生骨不连、桡骨头再脱位及神经损伤等并发症。所有患者均获随访,时间9～38个月,平均（17.0±4.5）个月;骨折愈合时间2.3～3.9个月,平均（2.8±0.5）个月。术后肘关节屈曲活动及前臂的旋转活动较术前明显改善。根据朱玉奎等评定标准,优14例,良3例,可1例。结论：尺骨截骨内固定治疗儿童陈旧性桡骨头前脱位疗效满意,可以有效地改善肘关节屈伸及前臂旋转的功能,防止桡骨头再次脱位。     

铰链式外固定架联合内固定治疗肘关节骨折脱位

目的探讨采用铰链式外固定架联合内固定治疗肘关节骨折脱位的手术方法及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2014-06—2016-06采用铰链式外固定架联合内固定治疗的12例肘关节骨折脱位。桡骨头骨折用微型钢板或螺钉固定,尺骨冠状突骨折用钢板或克氏针固定,内、外侧韧带复合体撕脱用骨锚缝合修复。结果 12例均获得随访,随访时间平均9.5(6~12)个月。末次随访时肘关节活动度:伸直平均25.6°(0°~40°),屈曲平均113°(90°~140°),前臂旋前平均55°(30°~80°),前臂旋后平均63°(40°~80°)。疗效采用改良Cassebaum评分标准评定:优5例,良4例,可3例。结论采用铰链式外固定架联合内固定治疗肘关节骨折脱位可以稳定肘关节,患者可早期功能锻炼,最大程度恢复肘关节功能。     

外固定架尺骨延长治疗遗传性多发性骨软骨瘤所致前臂畸形

目的探讨采用外固定架尺骨延长治疗遗传性多发性骨软骨瘤(HMO)所致前臂畸形的疗效。方法回顾分析2014年4月至2018年4月北京积水潭医院创伤骨科采用外固定架尺骨延长治疗HMO所致前臂畸形患者5例。其中男4例,女1例;平均年龄14.5岁(12~16岁);右侧2例,左侧3例;MasadaⅠ型2例,MasadaⅡB型3例。5例患者均接受尺骨延长手术治疗。对3例MasadaⅡB型患者采用环形外固定架,另2例采用单边外固定架。1例合并桡骨骨折患者同时行桡骨骨折切开复位内固定术。截骨术后8~10 d开始行尺骨牵开延长。结果5例患者均获得随访,平均随访时间16个月(12~30个月)。3例MasadaⅡB型患者桡骨头均自行复位。5例患者尺骨平均延长37.5 mm(30~45 mm),平均应用外固定架时间162 d(122~274 d),平均外固定架指数48.9 d/cm。术前和术后平均梅奥肘关节评分分别为36.4分和92.7分,平均肘关节屈曲活动范围分别为118.0°(110°~130°)和130.0°(120°~150°),平均伸肘活动范围分别为12.7°(10°~20°)和3.5°(0°~10°),平均前臂旋前活动范围分别为18.6°(5°~30°)和44.7°(30°~65°),平均前臂旋后活动范围分别为71.2°(50°~85°)和86.5°(75°~90°)。1例桡骨干骨折患者术后3个月骨折愈合。2例出现针道感染;1例尺骨过早愈合,行第2次截骨手术后延长顺利。未见神经血管并发症。5例患者对治疗结果均满意。结论采用外固定架逐渐延长尺骨治疗HMO患者尺骨短缩畸形和桡骨头脱位安全有效。     

孟氏骨折伴桡神经深支卡入肱桡关节一例

患者 ,女 ,3 6岁。因摔伤左上肢致左尺骨上 1/3段粉碎性骨折、桡骨小头脱位 ,伤后伸腕无力 ,拇手指伸直障碍。在当地医院行左尺骨骨折切开 ,复位钢丝克氏针内固定。术后 1个月余伸腕、伸指障碍入院。入院检查 :一般情况良好 ,左肘关节屈曲位 ,尺骨鹰嘴外露克氏针 ,尺骨上段后正中有 8cm长手术瘢痕 ,切口愈合良好。左肘关节屈伸活动度为 90°～ 110° ,前臂旋前 旋后为 10°～ 2 0° ,伸腕呈桡偏 ,拇手指伸直受限 ,手背及手指感觉正常。X线片示 ,左尺骨上段粉碎性骨折克氏针髓内加环扎钢线固定 ,桡骨小头向掌侧向外半脱位。入院诊断为陈旧…     

先天性桡骨头脱位2例报告

1　临床资料例 1,女 ,10岁。左肘关节屈曲畸形 1年余就诊。 1年前发现左肘屈曲畸形 ,且逐渐加重。查体 :左肘关节后外方触及一指头大小包块 ,质坚硬 ,无活动性及触痛 ,前臂短小且向后外弯曲 ,尺骨茎突缺如。根据应用“中立位 0度法”对关节活动异常的测量 ,肘关节屈 15 0° ,伸 -2 5° ;旋前 90° ,旋后明显受限 ,仅 -10°(图1Ａ)。Ｘ线片显示左桡骨头脱向后上方 ,达肱骨小头后方 ,桡骨头较小 ,颈细长 ;尺骨短小呈弓形 ,远端未达腕关节 ,呈不规则形膨胀性生长 ,骨皮质变薄 ,表面结节状呈骨软骨瘤样改变 (图1Ｂ)。诊断为先天性左桡骨头脱位并…     

Radial head dislocation with ulnar plastic deformation in children: an osteotomy within the middle third of the ulna

This retrospective study includes 6 patients (average age, 8.7 years) with a dislocation of the radial head and ulnar plastic deformation. All were Monteggia fractures, Bado type I equivalents. The maximum ulnar bow was near the midulna. Five patients underwent an ulnar osteotomy, with elongation and reduction of the angulation within the middle third of the ulna, and open reduction of the radial head. One patient underwent an ulnar osteotomy with only elongation. The osteotomy sites were stabilized by a plate and screws or Kirschner wires. Mean follow-up was 3.4 years. Postoperatively, the average elbow range of motion was extension to 0 degrees, flexion to 138 degrees, forearm supination to 90 degrees, and forearm pronation to 88 degrees. Results in all patients were rated as excellent. One nonunion occurred. An osteotomy performed within the middle third of the ulna, combined with open reduction of the radial head, resulted in excellent clinical outcomes.     

Rare cause of block to reduction after radial head dislocation in children

This case report documents a rare cause of block to reduction in association with an anterior traumatic dislocation of the radial head in children. The radial head dislocations described were not reducible with a closed reduction secondary to "button holing" of the radial head through the anterior joint capsule. Open reduction was required to release the capsule and reduce the radial head. After reduction, the elbow was immobilized in flexion and the forearm in mild supination for 3 weeks. Postoperatively, all patients demonstrated full elbow function and range of function.     

Outcomes after terrible triads of the elbow treated with the current surgical protocols. A review

Dislocation of the elbow associated with radial head and coronoid fracture, the so-called “terrible triad” of the elbow, is challenging to treat and has a history of complicated outcomes. However, advances in the knowledge of elbow kinematics combined with improved implants and surgical techniques during the past few years have led to the development of standard surgical protocols. This review article analyses the results in 137 elbow triad injuries of five studies treated using the current protocols. These include fixation of the coronoid fracture, repair or replacement the radial head, and repair of the lateral ligament complex, reserving medial collateral ligament repair and application of hinged external fixation for patients with residual instability. Treatment of these demanding injuries appeared effective in the majority of cases, i.e. with an average of 31 months of follow-up, overall flexion arc was 111.4°, averaged flexion was 132.5° with forearm rotation of 135.5°, Mayo elbow performance score was 85.6 points, and Broberg-Morrey score was 85 points. Nevertheless, the patient should be informed about the incidence of complications including joint stiffness, ulnar nerve symptoms or post-traumatic arthritis.     

Irreducible dislocation of the radial head with undisplaced olecranon fracture in a child: a case report

Irreducible isolated dislocation of the radial head is a rare injury. In this study, we describe a patient with irreducible dislocation of the radial head associated with an undisplaced fracture of the olecranon. A 6-year-old girl fell down while walking and suffered injury to the posterior aspect of the proximal ulnar shaft with the right elbow in a slightly flexed position. Plain radiographs of the elbow revealed an anterior-medial dislocation of the radial head and an undisplaced fracture of the olecranon. However, the attempted closed reduction was not successful. An open reduction was then performed through a lateral approach. The radial head was found to be protruding through a buttonhole tear of the anterior joint capsule, causing the joint to become interposed between the articular surfaces of the joint, precluding closed reduction. Once the interposed capsule was extricated from the joint, the radial head could be easily reduced. At this point, no tear of the annular ligament was observed. Six months after the surgery, the patient was able to use her elbow fully and without pain. The range of motion was 0-140° for both extension and flexion and 90° for pronation and supination. Plain radiographs revealed a united bone of the olecranon and good reduction of the radial head. The radial head pushed through the tear of the anterior joint capsule. This buttonhole effect on the radial head prevented closed reduction of the radial head.     

What happens to the elbow joint after fractured radial head excision? Clinical and radiographic study at a mean 15-yearfollow-up

Comminuted fractures of the radial head can be treated by radial head excision, open reduction and internal fixation, or radial head replacement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term clinical and radiographic results of 22 patients with an isolated Mason type III fracture of the radial head treated by radial head excision. Mean age at the time of surgery was 36 years and average follow-up was 15 years. Overall outcome at the last follow-up was scored as excellent, good, fair or poor, considering elbow and wrist pain, valgus deformity, elbow and forearm range of motion, and elbow radiographic osteoarthritic changes. At follow-up mean pain score on VAS was was 1, average increase in elbow valgus deformity was 8°, mean flexion of the elbow was 138°, pronation of the forearm averaged 78°, and supination averaged 85°. Degenerative changes were scored as grade 0 in 4 patients, grade 1 in 14 patients, and grade 2 in 4 patients. The overall outcome was excellent in 18 patients and good in 4 patients. When a comminuted radial head fracture is not associated with elbow dislocation or ligamentous injuries, resection of the radial head is a valid surgical option because it is a simple and rapid technique, it has a low learning curve, and it has a high rate of excellent clinical and radiographic long-term results.     

成人创伤性孤立性桡骨头脱位

目的　探讨成人创伤性桡骨头脱位的机制。方法　对成人尸体肘关节标本进行了动态模拟冲击试验和扭转试验。结果　 7侧冲击试验的标本中 ,在轻度屈肘、前臂旋转位有 4侧发生脱位或半脱位。 6侧扭转试验的标本 ,在旋转超过正常范围时 ,有 4侧发生了脱位或半脱位。 5例临床病例 ,3例发生于跌倒、前臂轻度旋前位 ;2例发生于极度旋转位。结论　孤立性桡骨头脱位在前臂轻度旋前、屈肘位 ,桡骨头受到轴向冲击力或前臂在极度旋转位 ,桡骨头受到扭转暴力时最容易发生。     

修复前关节囊在"肘关节恐怖三联征"手术治疗中的疗效观察

目的探讨修复前关节囊在"肘关节恐怖三联征"手术治疗中的疗效。 方法自2015年5月至2017年12月苏州大学附属瑞华医院手外科采用手术修复前关节囊治疗8例肘关节恐怖三联征患者，根据影像学评价观察骨折愈合情况。采用Mayo肘关节功能评分评估肘关节功能情况。 结果所有患者均获得6~36个月随访，平均18个月。切口均Ⅰ期愈合。骨折均愈合，时间为8~12周，平均10周。根据术后6个月随访，肘关节屈位0°~15°，伸位130°~145°，平均活动范围为115°，旋前60°~90°，旋后40°~70°，平均旋转范围120°。术后无骨折块移位、内固定失效、锁定接骨板螺钉松动或断裂、切口感染、异位骨化等并发症发生。肘关节功能恢复良好，采用Mayo肘关节功能评分：优6例，良2例。 结论在肘关节恐怖三联征时修复前关节囊，恢复肘关节的稳定性，并发症少，骨折愈合快，及早配合正规的康复锻炼，肘关节功能恢复好，疗效确切。