保定市基层医务人员精神卫生知识知晓率的调查

目的 了解保定市基层医务人员心理健康和精神疾病预防知识的认识程度,并探讨其相关因素.方法 以在保定市22个县及3个区进行集中培训的基层医务人员2 558人为调查样本,采用卫生部办公厅精神卫生工作指标调查评估方案制定的心理健康知识和精神疾病预防知识知晓率调查问卷进行调查,并分析相关因素.结果 实际2 433人完成调查.基层医务人员对精神卫生与心理保健知识的知晓率为95.1％.知晓率的比较,城市和农村差异无统计学意义(97.4％比96.4％,x2=0.57,P=0.452);工作年限≤20年组高于＞20年组(98.0％比94.0％,x2=26.47,P＜0.01);中专、高中及以下学历组与大专及以上学历组差异无统计学意义(96.2％比97.2％,x2=1.57,P=0.211).问卷总分的比较,城市高于农村[(16.67±2.28)比(16.03±2.30),t=4.26,P＜0.01];工作年限≤20年组高于＞20年组[(16.33±2.14)比(15.67±2.50),t=6.99,P＜0.01];中专、高中及以下学历组低于大专及以上学历组[(15.91±2.30)比(16.56±2.25),t=-6.18,P＜0.01].Logistic回归分析显示独居、在村卫生所工作是影响精神卫生与心理保健知识知晓率的不利因素;工作年限≤20年是影响精神卫生与心理保健知识知晓率的有利因素.结论 保定市基层医务人员精神卫生知晓率不低,但不同工作年限的知晓率不同,应有针对性进行培训.     

不同工作年限社区医务人员精神卫生知晓率 及对精神疾病的态度

目的 比较河北省保定市不同工作年限社区医务人员心理健康和精神疾病预防知识的 知晓率及对精神疾病的态度。方法 以2016 年3 月10 日至4 月10 日保定市25 个县区进行集中培训的 社区医务人员2 541 人为调查样本,实际完成问卷调查2 433 份。采用卫生部办公厅精神卫生工作指标 调查评估方案制定的《普通人群心理健康知识和精神疾病预防知识知晓率调查问卷》《病例测验》及 《精神疾病有关态度问卷》调查,以工作年限20 年为界,分为＜ 20 年组1 246 人及≥ 20 年组1 187 人, 并进行对比分析。结果 ＜ 20 年组与≥ 20 年组对精神卫生与心理保健知识知晓率的比较（98.1% 比 94.8%）差异有统计学意义（χ2=19.38,P ＜ 0.001）。病例测验中阳性症状为主精神分裂症知晓率在＜ 20 年组与≥ 20 年组比较（52.9% 比43.1%）差异有统计学意义（χ2=23.17,P ＜ 0.001）。＜ 20 年组及≥ 20 年组对精神疾病有关态度问卷总分比较［（34.90±6.42）分比（35.59±6.64）分］差异有统计学意义 （t=2.60,P=0.009）。结论 保定市不同工作年限社区医务人员对精神卫生知识知晓率不同,应加强对高 工作年限医务人员精神卫生培训力度,提高对低工作年限医务人员精神疾病态度的教育。     

农村居民对精神卫生知识知晓率及精神疾病有关态度问卷的性别差异

目的分析保定市农村居民对精神卫生知识现状及相关问题的态度,为进一步开展精神卫生工作提供依据。方法采用多阶段、分层、整群随机抽样方法抽取保定市农村居民共1100人,采用卫生部《精神卫生工作指标调查评估方案》制定的精神卫生和心理保健问卷、《病例测验》及精神疾病有关态度问卷进行调查并分析。结果完成调查1055人．其中男380人,女675人。男性及女性对精神卫生与心理保健知识知晓率的差异无统计学意义（66．8％比63．4％;χ^2=1．26,P=0．263）,但两组问卷正确率总分比较差异有统计学意义[（12．71±2．41）比（12．40±2．29）;t=2．10,P=0．036]。男性及女性对精神疾病有关态度问卷总分比较差异无统计学意义[（33．16±8．09）分比（32．65±7．57）分;t=1．01,P=0．311],但部分条目男女之间比较有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论农村居民对精神卫生知识知晓率低,男女之间也存在差异,应继续加大对农村的宣传力度。     

天水市城市与农村普通人群精神卫生知识知晓率及对精神疾病的态度

目的比较天水市城市与农村普通人群的心理健康、精神疾病预防知识知晓率及对精神疾病的态度。方法于2016年3月1日-4月30日采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法抽取天水市≥15岁的500名城市和1000名农村普通人为调查对象。采用精神卫生工作指标调查评估方案中的《普通人群心理健康知识和精神疾病预防知识知晓率问卷》、《病例测验》、《精神疾病有关态度问卷》进行调查,并比较农村和城市人群的各问卷结果。结果实际完成调查的城市与农村人口分别为485名、968名。城市人群对精神卫生与心理保健知识的知晓率高于农村(88.2%vs.65.4%,χ~2=99.89,P0.01),对精神疾病态度好于农村[(36.74±6.43)分vs.(35.83±7.62)分,t=2.27,P0.05]。城市人群对抑郁症、阳性症状为主精神分裂症、躁狂症及强迫症的知晓率均高于农村人群(35.5%vs.30.2%,40.2%vs.31.1%,65.4%vs.41.9%,77.1%vs.39.1%,χ~2=3.92、11.93、70.88、187.49,P0.05或0.01),对阴性症状为主精神分裂症的知晓率城市与农村人群差异无统计学意义(12.3%vs.14.3%,χ~2=0.59,P0.05)。结论天水市农村人群心理健康知识知晓率低于城市,对抑郁症、阳性症状为主精神分裂症、躁狂症、强迫症的知晓率低于城市人群,农村人群对精神疾病的态度有待提高,应加强对农村人群精神卫生知识的宣传力度。     

林芝地区精神卫生工作者精神卫生知识知晓率及其对精神疾病的态度

目的了解西藏自治区林芝地区精神卫生工作者的精神卫生知识知晓率现状及其对精神疾病的态度,为提高后续有针对性的援藏工作提供参考。方法采用方便抽样方法抽取了林芝108名精神卫生工作人员,进行精神卫生知识问卷和精神疾病相关态度问卷调查。结果调查对象精神卫生知识总体知晓率为74.03%,年龄越大、有参加过精神/心理方面讲座的人员精神卫生知识问卷得分越高(β=0.261、0.220,P均0.05);精神疾病相关态度问卷总体得分为(45.11±5.21)分,其中有10个条目持正向态度的人员比例接近或高于50%。结论林芝地区精神卫生工作者对精神疾病的包容度较好,但精神卫生知识知晓率仍有待提高。     

中山市中小学教师精神卫生知识知晓情况调查分析

目的了解中山市中小学教师精神卫生知识知晓情况、态度并探讨其相关影响因素。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取中山市小学、初中及高中共12所学校983名教师,采用一般情况调查表、精神卫生与心理保健知识问卷、儿童青少年常见精神疾病知识问卷及精神疾病态度问卷进行问卷调查。结果精神卫生与心理保健知识问卷总评分(15.92±2.50)分,总体正确率为79.6%;9种儿童青少年常见精神疾病中掌握最好的是抑郁症(38.0%),其次是精神发育迟滞(34.2%)和多动症(33.6%),最差为抽动症(13.4%);精神疾病态度问卷总评分(35.94±5.52)分。组间比较显示:女性教师精神卫生知识与心理保健问卷总评分高于男性教师,中学组教师在儿童青少年常见精神疾病总评分上优于小学教师,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。相关分析显示,教师精神疾病态度问卷总评分与其年龄及工作年限呈负相关(r=-0.07,P均0.05)。被调查的983名教师中,有228名(23.2%)反映在其教学工作中遇见过患有精神疾病的学生,97.2%(955名)的教师认为有必要学习精神卫生知识,在知识获得途径方面,新闻、杂志或网络所占比例最高(70.2%),专业讲座或培训(8.6%)及专业书籍(7.8%)较低。结论中山市中小学教师精神卫生知识知晓情况总体较好,具体病种掌握不均衡,对待精神疾病态度有待改变,可以借助新兴媒体进行有针对性的指导和宣教。     

四川省泸州市医务人员对《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》知识的知晓情况

目的了解医务人员对《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》的知晓情况,为卫生行政部门推进精神卫生法的实施提供理论依据。方法采用方便抽样方法,在泸州市分别选取一家综合医院和专科精神病院的656名医务人员进行精神卫生法相关知识问卷调查。结果及格率83.2%。专科精神病院、综合医院精神科和硕士以下学历的医务人员得分较高(P0.05)。结论泸州市医务人员对精神卫生法知识的知晓率总体较高;但综合医院医务人员特别是非精神科医务人员以及硕士及以上人员的精神卫生法知识知晓率还有待提高。     

兰州市城乡居民对精神疾病态度的现状调查

目的:调查兰州市城乡居民对精神疾病的态度。方法:于2014年1月至8月采用自编基本情况调查表及卫生部办公厅2010年颁布的关于精神卫生工作指标调查评估方案的问卷《精神疾病态度问卷》对兰州市≥18岁常住城市居民(1 600人,实际完成1 369人)和农村居民(1 500人,实际完成1 337人)共2 706人进行问卷调查,调查结果采用构成比描述。结果:城乡居民对精神疾病态度问卷总得分为(36.67±4.58)分(参考分12~60分)。其中30.6%的城乡居民对精神疾病持正性态度,31.4%持负性态度,38.0%选择中立态度。结论:兰州市城乡居民对精神疾病患者的态度仍不够正面,需加强精神卫生知识的宣传和教育。     

我国医务人员精神卫生知识知晓率研究现状

本文目的是了解我国医务人员精神卫生知识知晓率现状及其影响因素,为提高医务人员精神卫生知识知晓率提供参考。精神卫生知识知晓率是反映各类人群对精神卫生知识知晓程度的指标,医务人员对精神卫生知识的了解和掌握有利于医疗卫生工作的开展,减少误诊和漏诊。本文对我国医务人员精神卫生知识知晓率和常用调查工具进行综述,结果显示我国医务人员的精神卫生知识知晓率参差不齐,影响知晓率的因素较多。     

重性精神疾病管理治疗项目实施效果调查研究

目的 分析、评估重性精神疾病管理治疗项目实施效果.方法 通过一般状况调查表、危险性评估量表及阳性和阴性综合征量表(PANSS)、社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS)、生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOLT-74)、精神卫生知识知晓率调查问卷,对潍坊市昌乐县1 500例患者实施项目前后,从精神疾病防治网络建设、治疗率与复发率、轻度滋事率与肇事肇祸率、社会功能与生活质量以及精神卫生知识知晓率等方面进行对比研究.结果精神疾病防治网络覆盖率由实施前的60％上升到100％;治疗率显著提高(P＜0.01),复发率、轻度滋事率及肇事肇祸率均显著下降(P＜0.01),实施前后PANSS、SDSS、GQOLI-74总分比较均有显著性差异(P＜0.01),精神卫生知识知晓率由实施前的38.2％上升到56.0％.结论 项目的实施对完善精神疾病防治网络建设、降低肇事肇祸率、改善患者社会功能等方面作用重大,重性精神疾病管理治疗项目值得进一步拓展与推广.     

Farming and mental health problems and mental illness

BACKGROUND: Farmers experience one of the highest rates of suicide of any industry and there is growing evidence that those involved in farming are at higher risk of developing mental health problems. This article provides an overview of the literature examining mental health issues experienced by farming populations in the United Kingdom, Europe, Australia, Canada and the United States and identifies areas for further research. METHOD: A literature review (Medline, Science Direct, Ingenta, Proquest and PsychINFO) was carried out using the words 'farmers', 'agriculture', 'depression', 'mental health', 'mental illness', 'stress', and 'suicide', as well as a review of relevant papers and publications known to the authors. (Papers not written in English and those published prior to 1985 were excluded.) RESULTS: Fifty-two papers were identified with the majority focusing on stress and coping styles in farmers (24). A number of studies also focused on neuropsychological functioning and agricultural chemical use (7), depression (7), suicide (9), general mental health (4) and injury and mental health (1). This body of research studied male farmers, female farmers, farm workers, farming families, and young people living on farms. Research to date indicates that farmers, farm workers and their respective families face an array of stressors related to the physical environment, structure of farming families and the economic difficulties and uncertainties associated with farming which may be detrimental to their mental health. CONCLUSION: Whilst suicide rates in some groups of farmers are higher than the general population, conclusive data do not exist to indicate whether farmers and farming families experience higher rates of mental health problems compared with the non-farming community. It is clear, however, that farming is associated with a unique set of characteristics that is potentially hazardous to mental health and requires further research.     

Racism and mental health and the role of mental health professionals

The concept of “race” and consequently of racism is not a recent phenomenon, although it had profound effects on the lives of populations over the last several hundred years. Using slaves and indentured labor from racial groups designated to be “the others,” who was seen as inferior and thus did not deserve privileges, and who were often deprived of the right to life and basic needs as well as freedoms. Thus, creation of “the other” on the basis of physical characteristics and dehumanizing them became more prominent. Racism is significantly related to poor health, including mental health. The impact of racism in psychiatric research and clinical practice is not sufficiently investigated. Findings clearly show that the concept of “race” is genetically incorrect. Therefore, the implicit racism that underlies many established “scientific” paradigms need be changed. Furthermore, to overcome the internalized, interpersonal, and institutional racism, the impact of racism on health and on mental health must be an integral part of educational curricula, from undergraduate levels through continuing professional development, clinical work, and research. In awareness of the consequences of racism at all levels (micro, meso, and macro), recommendations for clinicians, policymakers, and researchers are worked out.     

Effects of visual arts instruction on the mental health of adults with mental retardation and mental illness

Single-subject multiple probe designs were employed in two studies with 5 young adults who had a dual diagnosis of mental retardation and mental illness. Our aim was to determine effects of instruction designed to teach visual arts activity skills and promote personal expressiveness on acquisition, maintenance, and generalization of these skills and behaviors associated with these persons' mental health. In Study 1, a 5-second constant time delay procedure was used to teach three chosen art activities. In Study 2, an instructional package was used to promote personally expressive behaviors. After learning the skills in Study 1, participants in Study 2 displayed improvement in occurrence of behaviors associated with mental illness and increases in personally expressive behaviors.     

Prevalence of mental disorders and mental health service use in Japan

A high disease burden of mental disorders has been noted worldwide, including Japan. It is important to monitor mental disorder prevalence trends and the use of mental health services over time using epidemiological data and to plan appropriate policies and measures that consider mental health in each country. This review outlines the prevalence trends of common mental disorders (CMD) and the use of mental health services in Japan from the 2000s to the 2010s and compares them with those in other countries. This review clarifies that the prevalence of CMD in Japan has been relatively stable in the past decade. The 12‐month prevalence of mental health service use has increased about 1.2 times to 1.6 times in the past 10–15 years. Thus, it is very likely that the rise in mental health service use contributes to increased patient numbers. Regarding cross‐national comparison, the prevalence rate of CMD in Japan is much lower compared to rates in the USA and Europe. The 12‐month prevalence of mental health service use was also lower in Japan compared to prevalence rates in other high‐income countries. Mental health epidemiology has clarified that the prevalence of CMD worldwide has remained unchanged, even though mental health service use has increased in high‐income countries. Thus, the gap in treatment quality and prevention should be addressed in the future.     

Community mental health centers and community mental health ideology

A study of the adherence of two community mental health center staffs to community mental health ideology, as measured by the Baker-Schulberg CMHI Scale, was conducted. The results for equivalent populations were the same as those of the only previously reported study, indicating the CMHI Scale is a reliable, useful research tool. Significant relationships were found between scores and a) professional affiliation, b) years of liberal arts education, and c) length of time working in a mental health center. Medical education would appear to have a different effect on adherence to the ideology of the community mental health movement than that of liberal arts education.