腔镜辅助下巨大甲状腺肿物手术中喉返神经监测的临床效果分析

目的探讨喉返神经监测在腔镜辅助下巨大甲状腺肿物手术中的应用效果。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2015年6月期间在腔镜辅助下治疗的158例巨大甲状腺肿物患者的临床资料,其中喉返神经监测79例(喉返神经监测组),喉返神经未监测79例(喉返神经未监测组)。对比分析2组在手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后住院时间、术后暂时性及永久性喉返神经损伤发生情况之间的差异。结果 158例患者均顺利完成腔镜辅助颈部小切口甲状腺手术。与喉返神经未监测组比较,喉返神经监测组的手术时间(min)明显缩短(76.2±23.4比89.2±29.8,P0.05),术中出血量(m L)和术后引流量(m L)均明显减少(术中出血量:16.3±13.6比20.6±10.7,P0.05;术后引流量:20.7±9.6比25.5±9.1,P0.05),但2组的术后住院时间(d)比较差异无统计学意义(3.2±1.3比3.3±1.9,P0.05)。术后随访8周,喉返神经监测组暂时性神经损伤发生率明显低于喉返神经未监测组〔5.6%(5/90)比21.8%(17/78),P0.05〕,但永久性神经损伤发生率在2组间比较差异无统计学意义〔0(0/90)比1.3%(1/78),P0.05〕。结论腔镜辅助巨大甲状腺结节手术中应用喉返神经监测技术可有效减少神经损伤发生率,缩短手术时间。     

经胸乳途径行腔镜甲状腺手术的临床体会

目的:探讨经胸乳途径行腔镜甲状腺手术的可行性及临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2006年10月至2016年10月为2 095例患者经胸乳途径行腔镜甲状腺手术的临床资料。结果:2 066例成功完成腔镜手术,29例中转开放手术。手术时间平均(95.0±16.5)min,术中出血量平均(15±2)ml,术后第2天拔除颈部引流管,第3天出院。术后平均随访(50.0±6.3)个月,术后发生颈部出血2例,颈前皮下积液93例,颈前皮肤烫伤5例,术后皮下气肿3例,暂时性喉返神经损伤18例,无永久性喉返神经损伤,术后暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退38例,无永久性甲状旁腺功能减退患者。甲状腺功能亢进患者术后复发4例,甲状腺癌患者术后无复发,无手术相关死亡病例。成功施行腔镜甲状腺手术的2 066例患者对术后美容效果非常满意。结论:胸乳途径腔镜甲状腺手术安全、有效,并发症少,兼具美容效果,尤其适于年轻女性患者,值得在临床推广普及。     

达芬奇机器人与腔镜甲状腺癌根治术的对比研究

目的:对比达芬奇机器人与腔镜甲状腺癌根治术的临床疗效。方法:回顾性收集2019年7月1日至2022年8月21日行甲状腺癌根治术的165例患者的临床资料，其中达芬奇机器人甲状腺手术(机器人组)81例，腔镜甲状腺手术(腔镜组)84例，手术均由同一术者及其助手实施。术前患者均签署知情同意书。比较两组手术相关指标、术前及术后第1天血清钙、甲状旁腺激素及甲状旁腺、喉返神经损伤情况。结果:手术均顺利完成，两组均未中转开放手术。腔镜组手术时间短于机器人组[124(105,135)min vs. 150(120,162.5)min,P<0.05],机器人组淋巴结清扫数量多于腔镜组[6(4,11)枚vs.4(2,7)枚，P<0.05],机器人组术后第1天甲状旁腺激素浓度高于腔镜组[24.5(15.2,31.4)pg/mL vs. 20.9(14.4,25.5)pg/mL,P<0.05]。两组术中出血量、术后引流量、术后低钙血症及暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退等差异无统计学意义。术后两组均未出现出血、喉返神经暂时性或永久性麻痹、永久性甲状旁腺功能低下等并发症。结论:与腔镜甲状腺手术相比，达芬奇机...     

腔镜甲状腺手术体会

目的探讨腔镜甲状腺手术出现并发症的原因并进行分析。方法回顾分析410例双乳晕径路腔镜甲状腺手术的临床资料。结果除1例中转开放手术外,其他均在腔镜下顺利完成,手术时间(120.7±58.0)min,术后发生出血1例,喉返或喉上神经损伤并发症12例,低钙血症4例,皮下积液25例。结论熟悉腔镜甲状腺手术的解剖和规范操作,腔镜甲状腺手术的并发症是可以预防的。     

甲状腺全切除术的安全性及有效性探讨

目的 探讨甲状腺疾病行甲状腺全切除术的安全性及其有效性.方法 回顾性分析2001年2月至2009年9月196例甲状腺全切除术的临床资料.手术均在全麻下沿甲状腺被膜精细分离,术中常规显露喉返神经并原位保护甲状旁腺及其供养血管,超声刀封闭甲状腺中静脉及甲状腺下动静脉分支等安全甲状腺外科技术.结果 术后病理:结节性甲状腺肿120例(其中胸骨后结节性甲状腺肿42例),结节性甲状腺肿合并桥本甲状腺炎27例,Grave's病8例,甲状腺乳头状腺癌22例,甲状腺滤泡状腺癌5例,甲状腺未分化腺癌3例,转移性肾透明细胞癌1例.术后无喉返神经损伤和永久性低钙血症发生,暂时性低钙血症的发生率为16.8%(33/196).术后出血需手术清创止血4例(2%),皮瓣下积液8例(4.1%).结论 甲状腺全切除术安全可靠,并不增加喉返神经损伤和永久性低钙血症的发生,但术者应严格掌握手术适应证.预防术后并发症的关键是熟悉颈部解剖和精细手术操作.     

甲状腺手术中显露喉返神经的安全性探讨

目的 探讨甲状腺手术中显露喉返神经对术后并发症的影响.方法 对397例甲状腺切除术患者分两组进行回顾性分析,其中显露喉返神经210例,不显露187例.比较两组术后喉返神经损伤和低钙血症发生情况.结果 显露组喉返神经损伤率低于不显露组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);甲状腺功能亢进的患者喉返神经损伤率高于甲状腺功能正常和甲状腺功能减退者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);显露组暂时性低钙血症的发生率高于不显露组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);显露组永久性并发症发生率低于不显露组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 甲状腺手术中全程显露喉返神经可减少其损伤,并可降低永久性并发症的发生率.     

早期分化型甲状腺癌腔镜辅助手术中喉返神经监测的应用

目的:探讨喉返神经监测在腔镜辅助手术治疗早期分化型甲状腺癌术的应用效果。方法:回顾分析2012年6月—2015年1月在腔镜辅助下手术治疗180例早期分化型甲状腺癌患者临床资料,其中喉返神经监测90例(监测组),非喉返神经监测90例(非监测组)。比较两组相关指标及术后暂时性及永久性喉返神经损伤发生率。结果:监测组平均手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量明显少于非监测组[(90.2±20.2)min vs.(100.2±26.9)min;(16.3±13.2)mL vs.(24.4±9.8)mL;(25.5±8.5)mL vs.(29.7±5.6)mL,均P0.05];淋巴结清扫数量、术后住院时间两组间无统计学差异[(5.1±1.9)个vs.(4.9±1.2)个;(3.8±2.5)d vs(3.9±2.7)d,均P0.05]。术后随访12周,监测组暂时性神经损伤发生率7.4%(8/105),非监测组19.0%(18/95),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);监测组永久性神经损伤发生率1.0%(1/105),非监测组3.2%(3/95),差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腔镜辅助下早期分化型甲状腺癌手术中应用喉返神经监测技术可有效减少暂时性神经损伤发生率,缩短手术时间,减少术中出血量。     

全乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺全切除术效果探讨

目的:评价全乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺全切除术的安全性和优劣性.方法:对2008年9月-2012年3月绵阳市中心医院收治的188例Ⅱ度肿大以内双侧甲状腺多发结节患者随机行全乳晕入路腔镜和开放甲状腺全切除术,观察其手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、术中甲状旁腺暴露、术后并发症情况.结果:腔镜组和开放组手术时间分别为(83.85±14.18)min和(70.55±11.20)min(P＜ 0.05),而术中出血量、住院时间、术中甲状旁腺暴露率、术后暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退发生率、永久性甲状旁腺功能减退发生率、术后暂时性喉返神经麻痹发生率、永久性喉返神经麻痹发生率分别为(10.0±4.12)mL和(10.5±4.59) mL、(3.3±0.97)d和(3.4±0.88)d、97.1％和95.8％、7.4％和10.8％、1.5％和1.7％、1.5％和4.2％、1.5％和0.8％(P均＞0.05).结论:Ⅱ度肿大以内的双侧甲状腺多发结节患者,采用全乳晕入路腔镜下甲状腺全切除术是安全有效的.     

喉返神经监测仪在甲状腺再次手术中的临床价值

目的探讨喉返神经探测仪在甲状腺再次手术中的临床应用价值。方法 65例患者采用采用美国Medtronic Xomed公司生产的NIM-Response 3.0行术中喉返神经监测,50例患者采用常规手术暴露喉返神经,比较两组患者在术后暂时性喉返神经损伤率、永久性喉返神经损伤率、确认喉返神经发现时间、手术操作时间的差异。结果暂时性喉返神经损伤率、永久性喉返神经损伤率在术中监测组的均要比常规手术低,为1.53% vs 8.0%(P0.01)、0 vs 4.0%(P0.01);术中监测组喉返神经确认时间及手术时间均比常规手术暴露组低,为5.56±1.95 min vs15.92±2.69 min(P0.001,t=-23.94)、113.90±9.40 min vs 132.40±21.40 min(P0.001,t=-6.23)。结论和常规手术相比,术中喉返神经监测能显著降低术后喉返神经损伤率,而且确认喉返神经和手术时间均能明显降低,缩短手术时间。     

多功能吸引器在免充气经口腔镜甲状腺癌中央区淋巴结清扫术中的应用

目的:总结在免充气经口腔前庭入路腔镜甲状腺癌切除术标准手术流程中应用新型多功能吸引器的安全性及便利性。方法:回顾分析2022年1月至2022年11月接受免充气经口腔前庭入路腔镜甲状腺癌切除术患者的临床资料，分析手术时间及术后并发症情况。结果:共纳入239例甲状腺乳头状癌患者，其中221例行单侧中央区淋巴结清扫术，手术时间平均(161.28±2.71)min; 18例行双侧中央区淋巴结清扫术，手术时间平均(192.33±10.66)min。术后2例患者出现切口感染，未发生永久性低钙血症、喉返神经损伤。结论:在标准免充气经口腔镜甲状腺癌中央区淋巴结清扫流程中应用多功能吸引器利于空间的建立，可协助暴露手术视野，加快烟雾排出。     

cT1N0甲状腺癌全乳晕入路腔镜手术与开放手术对比研究

目的探讨腔镜手术对甲状腺癌的治疗能否达到与开放手术同等的效果。方法选择2016年3月至2017年10月间首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院普通外科收治的、分期cT1N0、女性、年龄≤60岁、无颈部手术史、有美容愿望的患者44例进行全乳晕入路腔镜手术治疗。随机选择同等条件的50例开放手术作为对照。观察两组手术完成情况、并发症、淋巴结清扫率及住院时间等情况。结果手术时间腔镜手术组(170.0±28.0)min长于开放手术组(90.0±21.0)min(t=15.610,P=0.000)。术中出血量腔镜手术组(5.8±8.7)ml与开放手术组(4.8±5.6)ml差异无统计学意义(t=0.668,P=0.506)。喉返神经损伤腔镜手术组1/44例与开放手术组1/50例差异无统计学意义(χ^2=0.000,P=0.927)。甲状旁腺功能减退腔镜手术组7/44例与开放手术组4/50例差异无统计学意义(χ^2=1.417,P=0.234)。腔镜手术组与开放手术组均无淋巴漏、感染发生。清扫气管旁+气管前淋巴结数量腔镜手术组(6.0±4.2)枚与开放手术组(5.5±3.7)枚差异无统计学意义(t=0.692,P=0.491)。清扫喉前淋巴结数量腔镜手术组(0.7±1.1)枚与开放手术组(0.5±0.9)枚差异无统计学意义(t=1.186,P=0.239)。结论全乳晕入路腔镜手术治疗甲状腺癌安全可靠,颈中央区淋巴结清扫充分,可作为cT1N0甲状腺癌病例手术方式的选择。     

Outpatient and short-stay thyroid surgery

With the realization that simple thyroid procedures had a very low rate of complication and that patients often seemed well enough to go home from the recovery room, we began performing them in an ambulatory surgery setting. We review here 134 consecutive thyroid procedures performed at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center between July 1987 and July 1989. Patients undergoing reoperation, neck dissection, sternal splits, or other concomitant procedures were excluded. There were 105 women and 29 men with an average age of 47 years. Fifty percent of the operations were performed for benign disease, although the most common diagnosis was papillary cancer (44%). Twenty-one operations (16%) were performed under local anesthesia. Most patients underwent surgery in our ambulatory surgery unit and 76 were discharged the day of surgery. Of these patients, 21 underwent total thyroidectomy, 13 subtotal thyroidectomy, and 42 simple thyroid lobectomy. Of the 58 patients who were admitted, 53 were discharged on the day following surgery. The average length of stay was 0.49 days. Extensive pre- and postoperative teaching was given regarding the signs and symptoms associated with the complications of thyroid surgery. All patients were felt to be reliable and capable of understanding the procedure and of complying with the postoperative plans. Postoperative complications included 8 patients (6%) with transient hypocalcemia and 1 patient (0.75%) with permanent unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. All complications occurred in patients who underwent total thyroidectomies. No patient had a postoperative complication requiring reoperation or readmission. We conclude that by using specific selection criteria, thyroid lobectomies and subtotal thyroidectomies can be performed safely in an ambulatory surgery setting without increase in morbidity or mortality.     

Postauricular and Axillary Approach Endoscopic Neck Surgery: A New Technique

Background  While the bilateral axillo-breast approach (BABA) to endoscopic neck surgery resolves various benign and malignant thyroid and parathyroid diseases with minimal adverse effects and excellent cosmetic outcomes, it involves circumareolar incisions. Many patients, especially young female patients, are reluctant to have their breast involved. Consequently, we developed the postauricular and axillary approach (PAA) that uses postauricular incisions. Methods  From June 2006 to December 2007, we treated 10 patients with PAA endoscopic neck surgery. After subcutaneous infiltration with diluted epinephrine solution, the subplatysmal and subcutaneous spaces were dissected. Two axillary ports and two postauricular ports were used and low-pressure CO₂ insufflation generated operative space. After dividing the midline between the strap muscles, the isthmus was divided and the thyroid lobe was dissected with ultrasonic shears and excised after careful identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands. Malignant lesions were treated with contralateral thyroid lobectomy. For parathyroid adenomas, we performed parathyroidectomy after dividing the strap muscles in the midline. Results  Two thyroid lobectomies, one parathyroidectomy, one subtotal thyroidectomy, and six total thyroidectomies were performed by PAA endoscopic neck surgery. The mean operation time was 210.0 ± 43.7 min. There were no cases of conversion to open surgery, permanent vocal cord palsy, or facial nerve palsy. None of the thyroidectomy patients exhibited hypocalcemia. The cosmetic outcomes were excellent and all patients were satisfied. Conclusions  PAA endoscopic neck surgery is a feasible method for thyroid and parathyroid surgery that permits good operative visualization and has minimal adverse effects and excellent cosmetic outcomes.     

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) improves return of physiological function in frail patients undergoing one- to two-level TLIFs: an observational retrospective cohort study

Background contextThe enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol is a multimodal approach which has been shown to facilitate recovery of physiological function, and reduce early post-operative pain, complications, and length of stay (LOS) in open one- to two-level TLIF. The benefit of ERAS in specifically frail patients undergoing TLIF has not been demonstrated. Frailty is clinically defined as a syndrome of physiological decline that can predispose patients undergoing surgery to poor outcomes.PurposeThis study primarily evaluated the benefit of an ERAS protocol in frail patients undergoing one- or two-level open TLIF compared to frail patients without ERAS. Secondarily, we assessed whether outcomes in frail patients with ERAS approximated those seen in nonfrail patients with ERAS.Study DesignRetrospective consecutive patient cohort with controls propensity-matched for age, body mass index, sex, and smoking status.Patient SampleConsecutive patients that underwent one- or two-level open TLIF for degenerative disease from August, 2015 to July, 2021 by a single surgeon. ERAS was implemented in December 2018.Outcome MeasuresPrimary outcome measure was return of postoperative physiological function defined as the summation of first day to ambulate, first day to bowel movement, and first day to void. Additional outcome measures included LOS, daily average pain scores, opioid use, discharge disposition, 30-day readmission rate, and reoperation.MethodsA retrospective analysis of frail patients > 65 years of age undergoing one- to two-level open TLIF post-ERAS were compared to propensity matched frail pre-ERAS patients. Frailty was assessed using the Fried phenotype classification (score >1). Patient demographics, LOS, first-day-to-ambulate (A1), first-day-to-bowel movement (B1), first-day-to-void (V1) were collected. Return of physiological function was defined as A1+B1+V1. Primary analysis was a comparison of frail patients pre-ERAS versus post-ERAS to determine effect of ERAS on return of physiologic function with frailty. Secondary analysis was a comparison of post-ERAS frail versus post-ERAS nonfrail patients to determine if return of physiologic function in frail patients with ERAS approximates that of nonfrail patients.ResultsIn the primary analysis, 32 frail patients were included with mean age ± standard deviation of 72.8±4.4 years, mean BMI 28.8±5.5, 65.6% were male, 15 pre-ERAS and 17 post-ERAS. Patient characteristics were similar between groups. After ERAS implementation, return of physiological function improved by a mean 3.2 days overall (post-ERAS 3.4 vs. pre-ERAS 6.7 days) (p<.0001), indicating a positive effect of ERAS in frail patients. Additionally, length of stay improved by 1 day (4.8±1.6 vs. 3.8±1.9 days, p<.0001). Total daily intravenous morphine milligram equivalent (MME) as well as average daily pain scores were similar between groups. Secondarily, 26 nonfrail patients post ERAS were used as a comparison group with the 17 post-ERAS frail cohort. Mean age of this cohort was 73.4±4.6 years, mean BMI 27.4±4.9, and 61.9% were male. Return of physiologic function was similar between cohorts (post-ERAS nonfrail 3.5 vs. post-ERAS frail 3.4 days) (p=.938), indicating the benefit with ERAS in frail patients approximates that of nonfrail patients.ConclusionsERAS significantly improves return of physiologic function and length of stay in patients with frailty after one- to two-level TLIF, and approximates improved outcomes seen in non-frail patients.     

Endoscopic Thyroidectomy for Thyroid Malignancies: Comparison with Conventional Open Thyroidectomy

Background Endoscopic techniques have recently been applied to thyroid surgery. We developed the bilateral axillo-breast (BAB) approach for total thyroidectomy. The aims of this study were to evaluate the completeness of this approach for total thyroidectomy and to compare complications between endoscopic thyroidectomy and conventional open thyroidectomy. Methods We analyzed 198 patients who underwent open thyroidectomy and 103 patients who underwent endoscopic thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma between January 2003 and June 2006 at Seoul National University Hospital. The postoperative thyroglobulin (TG) level was used to assess the completeness of the two methods. Complications such as hypocalcemia or vocal cord palsy were also evaluated. Results The mean hospitalization period was 3.18 days following open thyroidectomy and 3.04 days after endoscopic thyroidectomy. The 3-month postoperative TG levels were <1.0 ng/ml in 90.4% of patients after open total thyroidectomy and in 88.9% following endoscopic total thyroidectomy. Transient hypocalcemia occurred in 17.7% and 25.2% of patients, respectively. Permanent hypocalcemia occurred in 4.5% and 1.0% of patients, respectively. Permanent vocal cord palsy frequencies were 0.5% and 0%, respectively. There were no significant differences in postoperative TG levels, hypocalcemia, or permanent vocal cord palsy. Transient vocal cord palsy occurred in 2.5% of patients after open thyroidectomy and in 25.2% after endoscopic thyroidectomy (p < 0.0001), but it disappeared within 3 months. Cosmetic results were excellent after endoscopic thyroidectomy. Conclusions The bilateral axillo-breast (BAB) approach for endoscopic thyroidectomy shows insignificant postoperative complications, except transient vocal cord palsy, as well as good cosmetic results. It is also a feasible method for total thyroidectomy. Therefore, the BAB approach for endoscopic total thyroidectomy can be the surgical treatment of choice for selected cases of thyroid cancer.     

加速康复外科理念在肝切除术中的应用

目的:探讨加速康复外科(ERAS)理念在肝切除术围手术期中的应用效果。方法:选择2014年2月—2018年12月于阜阳市人民医院行肝切除术的97例患者,按随机序贯原则分为ERAS组(49例)和对照组(48例),ERAS组患者采用ERAS理念行围手术期管理,对照组则按照传统方式行围手术期管理。比较两组患者的相关临床指标。结果:两组患者的一般资料差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。与对照组比较,ERAS组患者手术时间明显延长[(186.18±51.31)min vs.(157.00±66.53)min,P=0.02],但术中出血量与无输血率无统计学差异(均P0.05);术后拔管时间[(6.04±2.09)d vs.(8.44±2.97)d]、肛门排气时间[(1.96±0.79)d vs.(2.52±1.26)d]及术后住院时间[(8.57±3.21)d vs.(11.54±4.82)d]均明显缩短(均P0.05);术后并发症发生率明显降低(20.4%vs. 60.4%,P=0.001)。结论:ERAS理念在肝切除术治疗肝脏疾病的围术期中应用安全、有效,并可以减少术后并发症的发生,促进患者术后恢复,值得临床应用推广。     

经胸乳晕入路腔镜手术精准治疗甲状腺微小癌65例临床分析

目的:探讨经胸乳晕入路腔镜精准治疗甲状腺微小癌的可行性。方法:回顾分析2013年3月至2016年5月65例经胸乳晕入路行腔镜甲状腺微小乳头状癌改良根治术患者的临床资料,结合手术经验,总结分析手术方法及手术安全性、有效性、难度盲点等。结果:1例患者合并桥本甲状腺炎中转开放手术,余者均顺利完成腔镜手术。手术时间平均(103.5±15.9)min,术中出血量平均(15±5)ml,术后引流量平均(150±30)ml。喉返神经损伤致声音嘶哑2例,其中1例术后1个月声音恢复,1例3个月后恢复,未出现永久损伤;3例出现暂时性低钙血症,均于住院期间恢复。随访患者均无颈部不适,B超复查均未提示肿瘤复发,2例提示淋巴结肿大;切口愈合良好,无瘢痕,美容效果明显。结论:经胸乳晕入路腔镜手术精准治疗甲状腺微小癌安全、可靠,具有术后并发症少、康复快、美容效果好的优势,可在临床推广应用。     

加速康复外科策略在晚期血吸虫病巨脾型脾切除术中的应用

目的探讨加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)策略应用于晚期血吸虫病巨脾型患者脾切除术的安全性、可行性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2016年6月我院普外科收治的62例晚期血吸虫病巨脾型行单纯脾切除术的临床资料,按围手术期处理方案的不同分为ERAS组(32例,围手术期采用ERAS策略)和对照组(30例,围手术期采用传统处理方案),对比分析两组患者术后的并发症及康复情况。结果两组患者术后总并发症发生率无统计学差异(χ~2=0.5894,P=0.4426)。ERAS组术后1周CRP水平明显低于对照组[(22.7±10.3)mg/L vs(30.9±11.7)mg/L,t=2.934,P=0.0047)];前白蛋白水平明显高于对照组[(25.1±6.9)mg/dL vs(20.5±8.3)mg/dL,t=2.379,P=0.0206)]。与对照组比较ERAS组患者术后首次排气时间、首次排便时间、开始进食流质时间、拔腹腔引流管时间均提前,术后补液时间、总住院时间、术后住院时间均缩短,总住院费用降低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 ERAS策略运用于晚期血吸虫病巨脾型行单纯脾切除术的患者安全有效,可缩短住院时间、降低住院费用,而且不增加术后并发症发生率。     

Contributions of the Video-Assisted Approach to Thyroid and Parathyroid surgery

Background: The authors report their initial experience with partial and total thyroidectomy, and neck exploration for hyperparathyroidism using the video-assisted approach.

Patients and methods: Between June 1999 and March 2001, 114 patients underwent a thyroid (n = 57) or parathyroid (n = 57) operation using a video-assisted cervical approach. Video-assisted neck exploration was conducted in all cases under general anaesthesia leading to a partial or total thyroidectomy, and to a selective adenoma removal in PHPT or to a subtotal parathyroid resection in SHPT.

Results: In the thyroid group: the mean cranio-caudal and transversal diameter of the resected specimen were respectively 4.9 ± 0.9 and 2.8 ± 0.6 cm, and mean total lobar weight was 11.7 ± 5.8g. Conversion to conventional surgery was required in 5 patients (8,8%). The mean operative time was 133,9 ± 26,9 and 86,5 ± 22,5 minutes for total and partial thyroidectomy respectively. The laryngeal nerve was identified in 96% of cases. The mean length of skin incision was 24.0 ± 2 mm. There were 3 cases of postoperative hypocalcemia, and 2 cases of postoperative hoarseness. The postoperative hospital stay was less than 24 hours for 72.7% of patients. The pain intensity at day one (VAS) was 2.1 ± 1.3. In the parathyroid group: seven of the 44 patients who underwent PHPT (15.9%) and 4 of the 13 patients who underwent surgery for SHPT (30.8%) were converted to a conventional surgical technique. The mean operative time in PHPT and SHPT was 47.3 ± 22.3 minutes and 136.8 ± 18.7 minutes, respectively. Recurrent laryngeal nerve was identified in 53.1% of the patients. The median diameter and weight of the resected parathyroid glands were 1.5 cm (range 0.8–2.7) and 0,9 g (range 0.5–7), respectively. The length of skin incision was 24 ± 2mm. All but 2 patients are currently cured. Postoperative complications included hematoma and transient hoarseness each in one patient (1.75%). The median pain intensity at day one (VAS) was 0.5 (range: 0 to 3.6). In the PHPT group, the postoperative hospital stay was less than 24 hours for 56.7% of the patients, and less than 48 hours for 91.9% of them.

Conclusion: The video-assisted approach for thyroid and parathyroid surgery is feasible, safe and effective in selected cases. Benefits for the patients should be further assessed in future prospective comparative trials.