犬食管静脉曲张模型的制备

目的食管静脉曲张动物模型的建立，对研究如何预防和治疗门脉高压食管静脉曲张出血具有重要意义。以往报道的方法比较复杂，或结果不稳定，有必要加以改进。本研究的目的在于探讨犬门脉高压症食管静脉曲张模型的建立。方法16条健康成年杂种犬为研究对象，以门脉分流、丝线分段结扎完全阻断门静脉的方法建立门脉高压食管静脉曲张模型。结果16条大存活13条。经胃镜检查证实，所有存活动物均形成食管静脉曲张，其中轻度4例，中度7例，重度2例。门静脉压力达0．287P±0.073kPa、与术前0.1308±0.0294kPa相比，有显著性差异（P＜0.01）。结论与其它方法相比，本组方法较简单易行，模型质量可靠，制备周期明显缩短。     

肝硬化食道静脉曲张破裂出血患者的护理

肝硬化门脉高压时因血流受阻，门静脉内血流则经交通支逆流至体循环系统，侧支循环形成，产生静脉曲张症状。门脉高压最严重的并发症是食管静脉曲张破裂出血，门脉高压致食道静脉曲张破裂出血约占上消化道出血25％，患者可发生失血性休克和肝性脑病，其病情凶险，直接威胁病人的生命，发病突然，发展迅速，病情严重者，如不及时抢救，可危及生命。     

50例门脉高压性胃病患者临床特点分析

目的：探讨门静脉高压性胃病的相关临床特点及胃镜下表现。方法：回顾性分析我院50例门静脉高压性胃病患者胃镜下表现与肝功能的关系;门脉高压性胃病出血机率与食管胃底静脉曲张程度的关系。结果：肝功能越差,门静脉高压性胃病发病率越高;轻中度静脉曲张患者,门静脉高压性胃病出血率高。结论：门脉高压性胃病出血率高,临床上要重视并预防出血。     

肝硬化门脉高压出血的药物治疗进展

门静脉系由肠系膜上静脉与脾静脉汇合而成 ,是肝脏供血的主要来源 ,由于门静脉血流受阻而引起一系列血流动力学改变和临床症状 ,称为门脉高压症 ,其主要病因是各种原因引起的肝硬化。门脉高压症引起的上消化道出血的原因是食管静脉曲张破裂出血和门脉高压充血性胃病 ,包括胃粘膜病变和肝源性消化性溃疡。食管静脉曲张破裂出血最多见 ,且是门脉高压症最严重的并发症之一 ,其首次出血病死率为4 0 %以上 ,再次出血病死率达 6 0 %以上[1 ] 。门脉高压出血的药物治疗是非手术治疗的一个主要手段。1　门脉高压出血的机制和原因已公认门静脉阻力增…     

门脉高压综合症的治疗及人性化护理

门脉高压症是因肝门静脉血流受阻,血液淤滞引起肝门静脉系统压力增高的临床综合征;当患者用力过度、排便、负重等因素可使腹内压骤增,导致胃底一食管静脉曲张、破裂、出血,由于肝功能差,使腹腔内液体增多,呈现腹水症、门脉高压症。外科治疗消化道出血,解除并改善脾肿大、     

彩色多普勒对门脉高压食道胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的判断

【目的】探讨肝硬化门脉高压症血流动力学变化及其与食管静脉曲张出血(EVB)的关系。【方法】应用彩色多普勒超声检查48例门脉高压症和45例对照组的门脉系统血流动力学参数,并计算脾静脉血流量/门静脉主干血流量Qsv/Qpv比值。【结果】门脉高压组血流量Qsv/Qpv比值显著高于对照组(P<0.05);且伴食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血组较无出血组显著增高(P<0.05);以血流量Qsv/Qpv比值大于或等于0.42为界值对判断或预测近期食管胃底静脉曲张出血有较大的临床应用价值【结论】彩色多普勒超声对判断门脉系统血流动力学有重要价值,测定血流量SV/PT比值是一种方便且无侵入性的检查与预测门脉高压时食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的方法。     

门静脉高压症的外科治疗进展

门静脉高压症是临床常见病症，治疗上远期效果不很理想。本病的特征是在各种原因导致肝硬变时，肝内血管结构紊乱，使门静脉系统压力增高。并出现一系列病理变化，如侧支循环形成食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血、脾功能亢进和顽固性腹水。经过近50年多的努力，我国在门脉高压症外科治疗方面取得了很大进展，现就外科治疗门脉高压症有关问题综述如下：     

门脉高压症肝内外血管病变的研究进展

各种慢性肝脏疾病导致的肝硬化门脉高压症是临床常见疾病,门脉高压症伴随着一系列肝内外血管病变。肝内血管病变导致肝内阻力增加,门静脉血液回流受阻。随着病情的发展,肝外门脉系统也发生血管病变,食管胃底静脉丛侧支循环形成,当食管-胃交界区静脉曲张到一定程度,极易出现食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血。而门脉高压肝内外血管病变分子机制并没有完全明确,现对此进行综述。     

彩色多普勒超声在门脉高压症中的应用价值

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声对判断或预测食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的价值。方法：应用彩色多普勒超声检查４３例门脉高压症和４０例对照组的门脉系统血流动力学参数,并计算脾静脉血流量／门静脉血流量（ＱＳＶ／ＱＰＶ）比值。结果：门脉高压时脾门静脉增宽,血流量增大,但血流速度较对照组显著降低（ｐ〈０．０１或ｐ〈０．０５）;以上参数在门脉高压伴食管胃底静脉典张破裂出因组与无出血组比较无显著差异（ｐ〉０．０５）;阂脉     

肝癌肝动脉—门静瘘并食管静脉曲张破裂大出血的TAE治疗

肝癌肝动脉－门静瘘并食管静脉曲张破裂大出血的ＴＡＥ治疗广西玉林市第一人民医院罗凤才黎显瑞陈文福原发性肝癌具有侵蚀周围血管的特性，常常侵及门静脉或肝静脉系统，形成动静脉瘘，尤以肝动脉－门静脉瘘多见。肝动脉－门静脉瘘一旦形成，将导致严重的门脉高压症，或使...     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.