甲硝唑及注射液中2-甲基-5-硝基咪唑的GC测定

目的建立了GC法测定甲硝唑及注射液中2-甲基-5-硝基咪唑。方法采用DB-624毛细管柱,FID检测器,50%甲醇为溶剂。结果2-甲基-5-硝基咪唑加样回收率为99.6%,RSD=1.0%（甲硝唑原料）;98.0%,RSD=1.5%（甲硝唑葡萄糖注射液）。结论本方法准确、可靠,可用于甲硝唑及含甲硝唑的注射液中2-甲基-5-硝基咪唑的限量控制。     

注射用呋苄西林钠与甲硝唑磷酸二钠的配伍稳定性考察

目的 考察注射用呋苄西林钠与甲硝唑磷酸二钠在氯化钠注射液中的配伍稳定性.方法 在室温条件下(20 ℃),采用紫外双波长分光光度法分别测定呋苄西林钠与甲硝唑磷酸二钠配伍8 h内的含量,并比较配伍前、后其外观、pH值的变化.结果 配伍后呋苄西林钠与甲硝唑磷酸二钠的含量、pH值及外观均无明显变化.结论 注射用呋苄西林钠与甲硝唑磷酸二钠可加入氯化钠注射液中的配伍应用,在室温条件下,应在8 h内使用.     

HPLC法测定奥硝唑注射液中2-甲基-5-硝基咪唑的含量

目的:建立定量检测奥硝唑注射液中杂质2-甲基-5硝基咪唑的HPLC方法。方法:采用WatersC18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以甲醇-水-冰醋酸(20∶80∶0.2)为流动相,流速1.0 ml.min-1,柱温25℃,检测波长318 nm,进样量20μl。结果:2-甲基-5-硝基咪唑在0.10～6.22μg.ml-1内线性关系良好(r=0.999 9),平均回收率为100.42%,RSD=1.61%(n=9)。结论:该方法准确可靠,专属性强,可用于奥硝唑注射液中2-甲基-5-硝基咪唑的定量检测。     

头孢米诺在甲硝唑、替硝唑注射液中的稳定性考察

目的:考察头孢米诺与甲硝唑、替硝唑注射液配伍的稳定性。方法:用双波长分光光度法测定头孢米诺、紫外分光光度法测甲硝唑、替硝唑的含量,考察配伍液不同时间的pH、物理变化、含量。结果:25℃条件下,头孢米诺在甲硝唑、替硝唑注射液中8 h的含量分别为93.52%,91.52%,而甲硝唑、替硝唑含量在72 h分别为97.95%,93.79%;甲硝唑组72 h无pH、颜色及其他物理变化;替硝唑组72 h颜色为淡黄,其他无改变。结论:头孢米诺可与甲硝唑、替硝唑注射液配伍。     

盐酸洛美沙星与甲硝唑氯化钠注射液配伍稳定性考察

目的探讨盐酸洛美沙星与甲硝唑氯化钠注射液的配伍稳定性。方法在室温、37℃恒温水浴条件下,应用双波长紫外分光光度法考察洛美沙星与甲硝唑氯化钠注射液配伍后6h内的含量变化,并观察配伍液外观及pH值变化。结果洛美沙星与甲硝唑氯化钠注射液配伍后外观、pH值及含量均无明显变化。结论注射用盐酸洛美沙星与甲硝唑氯化钠注射液在6h内可以配伍使用。     

复方电解质葡萄糖注射液M3B与R4A中5-羟甲基糠醛检查方法学研究

目的:建立用紫外分光光度法控制复方电解质葡萄糖注射液M3B与R4A中5-羟甲基糠醛杂质的限量.方法:采用HPLC法及紫外分光光度法对二个品种的纯度检查方法进行了研究.结果:紫外分光光度法及HPLC法均能有效控制样品中5-羟甲基糠醛杂质的限量.结论:紫外分光光度法快速、简便,可作为产品的质量控制方法.     

甲硝唑葡萄糖注射液中甲硝唑含量与5-HMF限量的测定

目的:探索无干扰测定甲硝唑葡萄糖注射液中甲硝唑含量与5-羟甲基糖醛(5-HMF)限量.方法:采用解线性方程组分光光度法.结果:本法不经分离就能消除干扰,直接测定甲硝唑与5-HMF含量.结论:该法简便快速,准确,回收率高,对5-HMF的检测有实际意义.     

头孢西丁钠在甲硝唑注射液中的配伍变化

在常温条件下,头孢西丁钠在0.5％甲硝唑注射液中,于4小时内观察溶液色泽,pH值、紫外分光光度法测定最大吸收峰位(λ)和A值,均无明显变化,可配伍使用。     

甲硝唑注射液与氢化可的松注射液的配伍稳定性考察

目的:考察甲硝唑注射液与氢化可的松注射液的配伍稳定性。方法:观察及测定甲硝唑注射液与氢化可的松注射液配伍后在25℃下8h内的外观及pH值,并用紫外分光光度法测定配伍液的含量变化。结果:配伍液在25℃下8h内外观、pH值、含量均未发生明显变化。结论:甲硝唑注射液与氢化可的松注射液配伍后在25℃下8h内稳定。     

替硝唑葡萄糖注射液中5-HMF的限度检查

替硝唑 (tinidazloe)是一种强抗厌氧菌及抗原虫感染的药物 ,是继甲硝唑后研制成功的硝基咪唑类衍生物 ,其制剂替硝唑葡萄糖注射液在生产过程中易产生对人体有毒害作用的 5 -羟甲基糠醛 (简写成 5 -HMF)。为保证用药安全 ,必须对 5 -HMF进行限度检查。通过试验 ,我们采用双波长分光光度法测定替硝唑葡萄糖注射液中 5 -HMF的限度 ,操作简便、快速 ,经济 ,结果满意。现报道如下。1 仪器与试药　UV一 2 4 0 1PC紫外分光光度计 (日本岛津公司生产 ) ;替硝唑对照品 (中国药品生物制品检定所提供 ) ;5 %葡萄糖注射液、替硝唑葡萄糖注射液 (本…     

多肽药物分析方法研究进展

介绍多肽药物的生物活性分析、结构分析、纯度分析的发展状况。     

Methods of analysis and physiological relevance of rhythms in sympathetic nerve discharge

• 1 Like virtually all other physiological control systems, the sympathetic nervous system controlling cardiovascular function is characterized by the presence of rhythmic activity. Despite the prevalence of rhythms, their function is often not obvious, which leads to the question, what can one learn about the neural control of autonomic function by studying sympathetic nervous system rhythms?
• 2 Sympathetic nerve discharge (SND) is characterized by a mixture of periodicities ranging between approximately 0.04 and 10 Hz, depending on the physiological conditions, type of nerve being analysed and the species. The present article illustrates why frequency domain (power density spectral) analysis is more suitable than time domain (autocorrelation) analysis to quantify a complex signal (i.e. one with multiple frequency components) such as SND.
• 3 The present article entertains the possibilities that rhythmic activity may lead to more effective activation of sympathetic neurons than randomly occurring activity, that rhythmicity is important for coordinating activity in different sympathetic nerves and in formulating complex cardiovascular response patterns and that sympathetic rhythmicity may help maintain homeostasis.

     

固相微萃取技术及其在医学分析中的应用

固相微萃取 (ｓｏｌｉｄｐｈａｓｅｍｉｃｒｏ ｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎ ,ＳＰＭＥ)技术是加拿大Ｗａｔｅｒｌｏｏ大学Ｐａｗｌｉｓｚｙｎ研究小组 1990年首创 ,美国Ｓｕｐｅｌｃｏ公司于 1993年推出了商品化的ＳＰＭＥ装置 ,在分析化学领域引起极大的反响。该技术有别于传统的样品预处理方法[1～ 5] ,与液 液萃取技术和固液萃取技术相比 ,不再使用常规的大量高纯有毒的有机溶剂 ,而是在一根熔融的石英纤维表面涂渍各种不同的色谱固定相或吸附材料构成萃取头 ,选择性的富集痕量有机化合物。该技术装置简单、操作方便、富集效率高 ,已实现自动…     

The impact of tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors on handwriting movements of patients with depression

RATIONALE: Psychomotor retardation is a common symptom of patients with major depressive disorder. While a variety of clinical examinations using different techniques have been undertaken to assess the motor component of psychomotor retardation in depression, the effects of antidepressants on psychomotor functions have been examined less extensively. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of various pharmacological treatments on handwriting movements of patients with depression. METHODS: Kinematic data of automated handwriting movements of 18 depressed patients receiving tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), 18 patients on selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and 18 healthy subjects was recorded and analysed. Groups were matched according to age, sex, handedness and education level. For the assessment of fine motor movements, a digitising tablet was used. Subjects were asked to perform a simple writing task. Movement time, velocity and acceleration of the handwriting movements were measured. RESULTS: Statistical analysis of writing movements revealed motor slowing in patients receiving TCAs. In comparison with both healthy subjects and patients receiving SSRIs, the TCA group displayed an increased movement time, reduced automation of handwriting, lower maximum velocities and reduced acceleration of descending strokes. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest either that TCAs have adverse effects on motor functioning or that they are less effective in the treatment of motor retardation than SSRIs.     

3种高血压治疗方案的药物经济学评价

目的 对单独使用拜新同、拜新同与科素亚合用或与海捷亚合用治疗中重度原发性高血压的3组方案进行药物经济学评价.方法 选择45例中重度原发性高血压患者,随机分成3组,每组各15例.拜新同组:单用拜新同30mg,qd;拜新同与科素亚合用组:拜新同30mg,qd,加科素亚50 mg,qd;拜新同与海捷亚合用组:拜新同30mg,qd,加海捷亚62.5mg,qd;3组疗程均为12周,观察3组治疗疗效.结果 3组治疗方案在治疗中、重度高血压上治疗效果有显著差异,成本也有显著差异.结论 拜新同联合海捷亚疗效高且更为经济.     

订单分析方法在自动化药房建设中的应用

目的:了解订单分析方法在医院药房处方分析中的作用,为改善药品管理和建设自动化药房提供理论依据。方法:利用EIQ(Entry,Item,Quantity)分析结合ABC分类分析、订单频次分析等对某"三甲"医院门诊药房的发药处方进行分析,获得医院药房日常发药量的大小及其一定周期内的波动规律等相关数据。结果:分析数据可知,该门诊药房应按发药处方顺序依次进行分拣;可将门诊药房盒装药品按单个品项发药量的大小分类,A类药品76种,B类药品184种,C类药品332种,并引入相应的自动化分拣设备;1天之内发药高峰时段在上午9:00-11:30和下午2:00-4:30,1周之内周二至周五发药数量较多。结论:订单分析方法适用于医院处方的分析,可为自动化药房的规划和建设提供有价值的参考数据。     

物理分析技术在中药研究中的应用

目的:介绍物理分析技术在中药分析和研究开发中的应用。方法:运用X射线谱分析和原子光谱分析技术在中药研究中的方法。结果:认为这些方法可以用于中药的分析鉴定。结论:物理分析技术在中药分析和鉴定领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

Systematic review of the pharmacoeconomics of Parkinson disease medications

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) causes progressive motor symptoms including tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia, along with non-motor symptoms such as dementia, orthostatic hypotension, and depression. Over time, PD can lead to falls, disability, institutionalization, and caregiver burden. Its treatment is symptomatic and can be associated with high costs.

Areas covered: The authors performed a literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library Current for English language PD pharmacoeconomic evaluations starting from 1 January 2000. The authors found 26 papers covering treatment of motor symptoms (n = 24), dementia (n = 1), and orthostatic hypotension (n = 1). The scope of literature was limited in that there were few articles overall.

Expert opinion: Overall, the authors found a scarcity of primary PD pharmacoeconomic literature in the 21st Century. Given the myriad of PD motor and non-motor treatments, only 24 papers evaluating motor treatments and two papers evaluating non-motor treatments met our search criteria. More studies are clearly needed to better define the pharmacoeconomics of PD therapeutics.     

Flow injection analysis: a new approach to pharmaceutical determinations

A review is presented in which the fundamental principles, instrumentation and practical aspects of flow injection analysis (FIA) are discussed. A particular focus is put on applications in pharmaceutical chemistry, which offers a wide scope to the new technique.     

药物分析的现状和作用

叙述药物分析在药物研究中的应用与现状。并简述我院分析室４０年的成就