33例贲门癌的数字化胃肠影像分析

目的：探讨数字化胃肠造影对贲门癌的诊断价值。材料和方法：回顾性分析我院已经胃镜确诊和手术或病理证实的33例贲门癌的数字化胃肠造影光盘存储图像特征。结果：贲门癌的数字化胃肠影像表现为贲门及食管下段狭窄（〈5mm占51．5％）、贲门扩张度异常（〈2mm占78．8％）、钡流异常（39．4％）、贲门及胃小弯壁毛糙（42．4％）、贲门处充盈缺损（39．4％）、贲门处龛影（12．2％）、贲门粘膜破坏（51．5％）、贲门胃底部软组织块影（42．4％）。发现Ⅱ型早期贲门癌6例（其中浅表隆起型3例，浅表平坦型2例．浅表凹陷型1例）。结论：数字化胃肠检查对诊断贲门癌．特别是发现早期贲门癌具有重要价值。     

Diagnostic value of hypotonic double-contrast digital imaging for protruded type of esophageal neoplasm

目的:分析食管腔内不同大小隆起性肿瘤的数字化低张双重造影X线征象,提高对该病的诊断水平.方法:回顾性分析经数字胃肠机行低张双重对比造影发现并经胃镜活检及手术病理证实的102例食管腔内隆起性肿瘤的病例资料,其中恶性74例,良性28例,对不同大小肿瘤X线特点进行汇总分析,找出良恶性肿瘤之间的鉴别点.结果:102例食管腔内隆起性肿瘤中,长径<1 cm者12例,良恶性鉴别点主要以病变轮廓改变和管壁的功能性改变为主,定性诊断符合率为75%;长径1～3 cm者37例,良恶性诊断要点除轮廓及管壁功能改变外,肿瘤的形态、钡荆的涂抹具有重要鉴别作用,诊断符合率为94.6%;长径>3 cm者53例,良恶性肿瘤各自特点更加明显,尤其表现在黏膜和钡剂涂抹方面.定性诊断符合率为95.2%;102例食管腔内隆起性肿瘤定性诊断总符合率为93.1%,随着瘤体的增大,良恶性诊断符合率呈升序排列.结论:数字化低张双重造影在食管腔内隆起性肿瘤的良恶性定性诊断中具有重要价值,诊断符合率高,可为临床治疗提供可靠性参考.     

超声微探头对食管隆起性病变的诊断价值

目的 阐明内镜超声微探头诊断食管隆起性病变的可行性。方法 122例食管隆起性病变患者均经超声微探头检查，其中，61例行胃镜下高频电刀切除或活检进行病理组织学检查，并与超声所见进行对比分析。结果 在超声诊断的122例食管隆起性病变中，食管息肉见于6例，黏膜下肿瘤84例，食管癌19例，食管静脉曲张5例，食管孤立性静脉瘤3例，食管外压性改变6例。61例高频电切除或活检进行病理组织学检查，诊断符合率96．7％。结论超声微探头不仅可对食管隆起性病变的起源作出准确判断，并可依据回声推断其病理性质（良性或恶性）。     

多层螺旋CT成像技术对食管鱼刺异物的临床诊断价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)平扫及其多重组技术对食管鱼刺异物的显示情况及临床指导价值。资料与方法实验组:取3种不同种类、不同部位的成年鱼刺共90根,分别经设置不同扫描参数(不同层厚和层距)和不同扫描方式(垂直、平行、斜行扫描层面)的MSCT平扫。比较不同扫描参数和方式下MSCT平扫及其多重组技术对鱼刺的检出率。临床组:30例临床高度怀疑食管鱼刺异物者均行食管吞钡棉检查和MSCT平扫,比较两者对鱼刺的检出率,所有病例均经食管镜或手术临床证实。重组方法有多平面重组(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)和容积再现(VR)。结果实验组MSCT平扫及多重组图像对3种鱼各部位鱼刺均显示清晰,对鱼刺的检出率为100%,与鱼的种类无关且具有统计学意义。MSCT不同层厚图像鱼刺的检出率有差异,厚层扫描薄层重组的图像所显示出的鱼刺数与MSCT相应同等薄层扫描所得的结果完全一致。3种不同扫描方式所检出鱼刺数结果相同。临床组:经食管镜或手术证实的15例食管鱼刺,食管吞钡棉检查发现6例,检出率40%;MSCT厚层扫描薄层重组结合多重组技术发现15例,检出率为100%,并清楚显示鱼刺的位置、大小及食管损伤周围脓肿情况及范围。3例食管吞钡棉检查及MSCT平扫检查均未发现鱼刺者,食管镜检查或追踪复查亦未发现。结论MSCT对鱼刺的检出率与鱼的种类、扫描方式无关,与层厚有关。MSCT厚层扫描薄层重组结合三维重组技术能提高鱼刺的检出率,并可评价食管损伤及周围脓肿情况和范围,能有效地指导临床选择治疗方案,值得推广。     

气钡双重造影对对食管静脉曲张的X线诊断

目的：探讨气钡双重造影对诊断的价值。方法：对本院208例食管静脉曲张的患者采用了低张下气钡双重造影。结果：208例中重度曲张的19例，中度53例，轻度136例，卧位相、粘膜相阳性率达96．6％和98．1％。结论：气钡双重造影在食管静脉曲张诊断中有重要意义。其中吞小口钡液，卧位相及粘膜相最具有诊断价值。     

食管胃结合部早期癌的X线检查

目的　提高食管胃结合部早期癌的X线检出率。资料与方法　应用数字 10 0 0mA胃肠机检查食管胃结合部早期癌 5 8例 ,强调检查体位 ,并按病理分型、局部分区、侵犯粘膜的深浅分别探索检出率。结果　 5 8例食管胃结合部早期癌 ,检出 5 1例 ,检出率为 88% ,其中Ⅰ、Ⅲ型检出率为 10 0 % ,Ⅱa和Ⅱc型分别为 89.4%和 81.3%。贲门处检出率为 80 % ,胃小弯近贲处为 94% ,胃底近贲门处为 5 0 %。病变浸润粘膜层检出率为 75 % ,粘膜下层为94%。最小能检出 0 .3cm× 0 .5cm大小病变。结论　数字胃肠机及认真应用体位检查食管胃结合部早期癌显示率很高。     

食道异物X线和吞钡检查的运用范围及诊治价值初探

目的：回顾分析72例食道异物的X线表现，明确X线吞钡检查的适用范围，了解X线及吞钡检查对食道异物的诊治价值，以提高X线对食道异物的诊治水平。方法：对72例食道异物患者均行普通X线透视，拍片，大部分进行食道吞钡检查及拍片。结果：对〉3cm的异物（异物最大径、病人自诉）并结合透视观察不适宜作X线吞钡棉检查，X线表现为：大部分异物停留在食道第一狭窄处（食道入口与咽的连接处）有58例食道异物经吞钡棉后，异物降至胃内症状缓解消除。结论：X线及吞钡检查是诊治食道异物常规可行的方法，但要结合临床病史及异物大小范围。     

内镜超声下上消化道隆起性病变的诊断和治疗

目的：探讨内镜超声（EUS）对诊断和治疗上消化道隆起性病变的价值。方法：内镜超声诊断上消化道隆起病变779例：其中食管288例,贲门41例,胃394例,十二指肠病变43例。结果：EUS诊断上消化道隆起病变,食管以平滑肌瘤最多见,贲门和胃多见息肉,胃肠间质瘤多以固有肌层低回声为主。内镜下治疗525例,外科手术57例。结论：EUS为上消化道隆起性病变患者提供了更精确的诊断和更安全的内镜治疗。     

脾脏占位性病变的CT诊断

目的：探讨脾脏占位性病变的CT诊断及鉴别诊断。方法：搜集并分析21例经病理和临床证实的脾脏占位性病变的CT资料，包括血管瘤3例、淋巴管瘤1例、神经纤维瘤1例、脾囊肿2例、脾脓肿3例、脾结核2例、恶性淋巴瘤4例、血管内皮肉瘤1例，转移瘤4例。结果：CT检查能清楚地显示脾脏占位性病变的大小、形态、密度以及周围组织及脏器的情况。CT对脾脏占位性病变的检出率为100％，定性诊断准确率为67％。结论：CT对脾脏占位性病变有较高的诊断价值，可作为首选的影像学检查方法。     

钼靶X线、红外线及B超检查在乳腺肿块诊断中的应用价值

目的：探讨钼靶X线摄影、B超检查和红外线扫描在诊断乳腺肿块性病变中的应用价值，旨在提高对乳腺肿块的检出率和定性诊断准确率。方法：回顾性分析了50例均经三种影像学综合检查的乳腺疾病患者的资料及手术病理对照。结果：钼靶X线检查对乳腺肿块的检出率最高达92％，且定性诊断价值较大；B超检查可明确肿块是囊性还是实质性，并可准确地测出肿块的大小；红外线扫描对鉴别肿块的良恶性有较大的意义。结论：三种影像学检查敏感性各不相同，实用范围各有限制，但综合影像学检查可以取长补短，相互印证，大大提高了乳腺肿块性病变的诊断准确率。     

数字X线摄影对早期食管癌的诊断价值

目的探讨数字化成像对早期食管癌的诊断价值。方法83例经手术病理证实早期食管癌根据X线检查机型分为数字化X线摄影组(DR组,48例)和普通X线摄影组(对照组,35例),所有患者均作多相钡剂造影,以大口服钡法为主,并摄电子点片及选择性激光输出,X线片摄常规正侧位及左、右前斜位片,电子点片多体位摄取。结果DR组48例中术前发现早期食管癌45例,漏诊3例,诊断准确率为93.3%;对照组35例中术前发现早期食管癌29例,漏诊6例。两组检出率行统计学分析,P<0.01,差异有显著性统计学意义。结论数字化X线机的应用能显著提高早期食管癌的检出率,但胃镜及细胞学检查仍是其必要的补充。     

Stereotactic core biopsy of breast microcalcifications: comparison of film versus digital mammography, both using an add-on unit.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to assess the accuracy of an add-on stereotactic unit for core biopsy of indeterminate breast microcalcifications and to compare digital with conventional stereotactic guidance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of 232 lesions with indeterminate microcalcifications in 218 women who underwent stereotactically guided breast biopsies. All biopsies were performed using a standard mammography machine with an add-on unit, 121 with conventional and 111 with digital stereotactic guidance. Successful sampling of the lesion was determined by the detection of microcalcifications on specimen radiography or at pathology. RESULTS: Using the add-on unit, 219 (94.4%) of the 232 targeted lesions were successfully sampled. The size, location, number of cores per lesion, and histology of the lesions were not different between the conventional and digital stereotactic biopsy groups (p > 0.1). Indeterminate microcalcifications were missed on biopsy in nine (7.4%) of 121 cases using conventional radiography and in only four (3.6%) of 111 cases using digital imaging. Digital stereotactic guidance allowed sampling of lesions with fewer calcifications per square centimeter (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Sampling of indeterminate microcalcifications using a standard mammography machine and an add-on unit has a high accuracy, similar to rates reported for dedicated prone biopsy tables. An add-on unit offers the advantage of considerable cost and space savings. Relative to conventional radiography, digital stereotactic guidance allows lesions with fewer calcifications to be sampled and achieves a greater biopsy success rate. Immediate digital images in the biopsy room also permit rapid adjustment of alignment and minimize patient movement.     

食管肿瘤的数字减影食管钡餐造影研究

目的：探讨食管肿瘤的数字减影食管钡餐造影价值。材料和方法：对１３例食管病变运用西门子Ｐｏｌｙｓｔａｒ　ＦｌｕｏｒｏｓｐｏｔＨ影像处理系统，１－２幅／秒数字减影成像技术，１５０％Ｗ／Ｖ硫酸钡混悬液进行食管钡餐造影，摄片位置采用正位、右前斜位、左前斜位和左侧位，先摄蒙片，然后咽下造影剂连续摄片，１０－２０幅／体位，并与传统食管钡餐造影方法进行比较研究。结果：发现食管鳞形细胞癌１０例（１１处），食管平滑肌瘤２例，食管鳞状上皮乳头状瘤１例，除１例外均经胃镜或手术病理证实，无论何种体位，经连续摄片数字减影成像处理，窗宽窗位调节、图像边缘增强及放大等影像后处理，都得到了令人满意的图像。结论：经数字减影食管钡餐造影，食管肿瘤病变显示更清晰，更能及时抓住早期、微小病变，同时亦能对病变食管进行动态观察，大大提高了食管造影的准确率。     

低张双重造影数字成像对食管隆起性肿瘤的诊断价值

目的:分析食管腔内不同大小隆起性肿瘤的数字化低张双重造影X线征象,提高对该病的诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析经数字胃肠机行低张双重对比造影发现并经胃镜活检及手术病理证实的102例食管腔内隆起性肿瘤的病例资料,其中恶性74例,良性28例,对不同大小肿瘤X线特点进行汇总分析,找出良恶性肿瘤之间的鉴别点。结果:102例食管腔内隆起性肿瘤中,长径<1cm者12例,良恶性鉴别点主要以病变轮廓改变和管壁的功能性改变为主,定性诊断符合率为75%;长径1～3cm者37例,良恶性诊断要点除轮廓及管壁功能改变外,肿瘤的形态、钡剂的涂抹具有重要鉴别作用,诊断符合率为94.6%;长径>3cm者53例,良恶性肿瘤各自特点更加明显,尤其表现在黏膜和钡剂涂抹方面,定性诊断符合率为95.2%;102例食管腔内隆起性肿瘤定性诊断总符合率为93.1%,随着瘤体的增大,良恶性诊断符合率呈升序排列。结论:数字化低张双重造影在食管腔内隆起性肿瘤的良恶性定性诊断中具有重要价值,诊断符合率高,可为临床治疗提供可靠性参考。     

超声造影在乳腺肿瘤诊断中的应用

目的探讨超声造影在乳腺肿瘤中的鉴别诊断价值。方法通过对经病理证实的139例148个乳腺肿瘤病灶分析,比较常规超声与超声造影联合常规超声诊断结果的差异。结果148个病灶中,病理结果显示良性病灶76个,恶性病灶72个。超声造影联合常规超声在对恶性肿块诊断中的灵敏度为86．1％,特异度为93．4％,准确率为89．9％,均优于单纯常规超声（灵敏度为79．2％,特异度为88-2％,准确率为83．8％）,差异具有统计学意义。结论超声造影的应用可以有效提高超声对乳腺肿瘤良恶性的鉴别能力。     

Phase-contrast diffuse optical tomography pilot results in the breast

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: We sought to investigate the utility of phase-contrast diffuse optical tomography (PCDOT) for differentiation of malignant and benign breast masses in humans and to compare PCDOT with conventional diffuse optical tomography (DOT) for analysis of breast masses in humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five breast masses were imaged in 33 patients (mean age, 51 years; range, 22-80) using PCDOT. Images characterizing the tissue refractive index, and absorption and scattering coefficients of breast masses were obtained with a finite element-based reconstruction algorithm. Theses images were then analyzed and compared with the biopsy/pathology results for all the cases examined. RESULTS: Malignant lesions tended to have a decreased refractive index, allowing them to be discriminated from benign lesions in most cases, whereas absorption and scattering images were unable to accurately discriminate benign from malignant lesions. The sensitivity, specificity, false-positive value, and overall accuracy for refractive index imaging were 81.8%, 70.8%, 29.2%, and 74.3%, respectively. The accuracy of refractive index imaging increases with increasing patient age. CONCLUSION: Refractive index is a new parameter for optical imaging that may be helpful in differentiating between malignant and benign masses in the breast.     

食管黏膜非癌性病变临床病理形态学研究

目的　探讨食管黏膜非癌性病变的临床病理形态特征 ,以引起对该群体疾病的重视 ,为食管癌前病变提供防治依据。方法　对 5 113例胃镜检查的病人 ,常规食管黏膜活检 ,病理切片 ,HE ,AB ,PAS染色。结果　在 5 113例食管黏膜标本中 ,共检出食管黏膜非癌性病变 5 2 8例 ,其中各类原因引起的食管炎 45 6例 ,占非癌性病变的 86.3 6% ;Barrett食管 46例 ,占 8.71% ;食管黏膜白斑 15例 ,占 2 .84% ;食管憩室 6例 ,占 1.14 % ;食管囊肿 5例 ,占 0 .95 %。结论　食管黏膜非癌性病变是病因不一、组织结构不同的一大类病变 ,其中食管黏膜白斑、Bar rett食管等则是癌前病变 ,因此 ,提高对该类病变的防范和诊治同样有着重要的临床意义     

Comparative study in patients with microcalcifications: full-field digital mammography vs screen-film mammography

The goal of this prospective study was to compare a full-field digital mammography system (FFDM) to a conventional screen-film mammography system (SFM) for the detection and characterization of microcalcifications. Fifty-five patients with 57 isolated microcalcification clusters were examined using a FFDM system (Senographe 2000D, GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, Wis.) and a SFM system (Senographe DMR, GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, Wis.). A conventional screen-film mammogram and a digital contact mammogram were obtained of each cluster. The image quality and the number of calcification particles were evaluated, and a characterization (BI-RADS 1–5) of microcalcifications was given by four experienced readers. Histopathology revealed 16 benign lesions (sclerosing adenosis, dysplasia, hamartoma, radial scar) in 15 patients and 21 malignant tumors (in situ carcinoma, invasive carcinoma) in 20 patients. Twenty patients had benign changes verified by long-term follow-up. Image quality of FFDM was assessed as superior to SFM in more than 50% of the cases. The FFDM showed more calcifications in 41% of all cases. Sensitivity and specificity for FFDM vs SFM were 95.2 vs 91.9% and 41.4 vs 39.3%, respectively. Moreover, FFDM demonstrated a higher diagnostic accuracy (deviation: 0.86 BI-RADS steps) compared with FSM (deviation 0.93 BI-RADS steps). The FFDM system with a 100-μm pixel size provides better image quality than SFM in patients with mammographic microcalcifications. The FFDM has a higher sensitivity and a higher reliability in characterizing microcalcifications. Electronic Publication     

The role of magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound in patients with adnexal masses

AIMS: To evaluate the accuracy of ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in characterizing adnexal masses, and to determine which patients may benefit from MRI. METHODS: We prospectively studied 72 women (mean age 53 years, range 19 to 86 years) with clinically suspected adnexal masses. A single experienced sonographer performed transabdominal and transvaginal greyscale spectral and colour Doppler examinations. MRI was carried out on a 1.5T system using T1, T2 and fat-suppressed T1-weighted sequences before and after intravenous injection of gadolinium. The adnexal masses were categorized as benign or malignant without knowledge of clinical details, according to the imaging features which were compared with the surgical and pathological findings. RESULTS: For characterizing lesions as malignant, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MRI were 96.6%, 83.7% and 88.9%, respectively, and of US were 100%, 39.5% and 63.9%, respectively. MRI was more specific (p<0.05) than US. Both MRI and US correctly diagnosed 17 (24%) cases with benign and 28 (39%) cases with malignant masses. MRI correctly diagnosed 19 (26%) cases with benign lesion(s), which on US were thought to be malignant. The age, menopausal status and CA-125 levels in these women made benign disease likely, but US features were suggestive of malignancy (large masses and solid-cystic lesions with nodules). CONCLUSION: MRI is more specific and accurate than US and Doppler assessment for characterizing adnexal masses. Women who clinically have a relatively low risk of malignancy but who have complex sonographic features may benefit from MRI.     

多层螺旋CT扫描在结直肠癌诊断和术前分期中的应用价值

目的:评价多层螺旋CT扫描(MSCT)在结直肠癌诊断和术前分期中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析经手术或常规结肠镜活检病理证实的40例结直肠癌的多层螺旋CT表现,并与病理结果对照。结果:病理证实结直肠癌40例(其中盲肠癌6例,升结肠癌3例,横结肠癌3例,降结肠癌5例,乙状结肠癌1例,直肠癌22例),多层螺旋CT检出了全部结直肠癌,敏感性为100%,总的分期准确率为80%(32/40),B期分期准确率为83.3%(15/18),C期分期准确率为66.7%(8/12),肿瘤浆膜外侵犯的敏感性和特异性分别为95%(36/34)和50%(2/4),淋巴结转移的敏感性和特异性分别为60%(12/20)和90%(9/10)。结论:多层螺旋CT扫描(MSCT)可以有效地显示结直肠癌的部位、大小和形态、确定中晚期结直肠癌的侵犯范围、远处转移及淋巴结转移等,从而更准确地诊断并进行术前分期,具有较高的临床应用价值。