VA-90与WFX-1E2联用测定水中的汞

随着工业的迅猛发展，汞对环境的污染日趋严重，人们的身体健康受到威胁。为了如实反映生活饮用水被汞污染的情况，采用VA-90气态原子化装置与WFX-1E2原子吸收分光光度计联用，测定水中汞。线性范围0～40μg／1，汞回归方程Y=0．00031＋0．00593X，r=0．9998检测，限0．163μg／l，精密度CV=2．96％，回收率99．4％～103％。结果表明，本法简便快捷，灵敏精确，安全可靠。     

保健食品中铅、砷、汞微波消解前处理方法的研究

目的 应用微波消解前处理测定保健食品中铅、砷、汞的含量。方法 用微波溶样系统对保健食品进行消解，消解过的样品可用于石墨炉的原子吸收光谱仪和原子荧光光谱仪同时测定保健食品中的铅、砷、汞的含量。结果 本方法测定铅、砷、汞的检出限分别0．28μg／kg、0．007mg／kg和0．10μg/kg；回收率分别为88．5％～106．0％、85．0％～106．0％、和88．2％～96．7％；测定线性范围分别为0～100．0 ng／ml、0～200．0,ng／ml和0～60．0μg／L。结论 该方法简便、快速，灵敏度、精密度、准确度较好，适合保健食品的快速消解及微量金属污染物的定量分析。     

孝感市170例健康成人血中总汞含量分析

目的通过分析孝感市170例健康成人血中总汞含量,得出人群血中总汞含量的真实蓄积水平,为准确判断人体汞暴露水平提供全面和科学的参考依据。方法采集和检测孝感市城区健康成人全血,利用微波消解-原子荧光法测定血中总汞含量。结果健康人群血中总汞含量的几何平均值为4．18μg／L,M=3．87μg／L,P5=0．2μg/L,P25=1．93μg/L,P75=6．89μg／L,P95=15．98μg/L。孝感市健康人群血中总汞含量上限值约为16．0μg／L,最低值为0．2μg／L。结论孝感市健康人群血中总汞含量平均值较低,人群暴露处于安全水平。     

高效液相色谱法测定保健食品中大豆异黄酮

目的：建立测定保健食品中大豆异黄酮含量的高效液相色谱法。方法：通过对流动相的优选，以甲醇：水=3：2为流动相，使染料木素、大豆苷元、大豆甙、染料木甙4种大豆异黄酮主要成分达到较好的分离效果，可分别测定4种成分含量及以此4种成分为主要成分的保健食品中大豆异黄酮含量。结果：方法的最低检出浓度分别为大豆甙1．9μg／ml、染料木甙1．2μg／ml、大豆苷元1．0μg／ml、染料木素0．8μg／ml；标准曲线线性范围分别为1．9—100μg／ml、1．2—100μg／ml、1．0—170μg／ml、0．8～140μg／ml；方法平均回收率分别为99．1％、98．5％、97．5％、98．8％；相对标准偏差均（10％。结论：建立的方法可准确、快速的测定大豆异黄酮的含量。     

工作场所空气中汞及其化合物的直接汞测定法

目的建立工作场所空气中汞及其化合物的直接测定法。方法工作场所空气中的汞经吸收液采集后，直接加入到DMA80直接汞分析仪中进行测定。结果进样量100μl，汞浓度在0～2．00μg／ml范围内具有良好的线性关系，方法的相对标准偏差为3．5％-8．4％，加标回收率为100．6％-104．7％，最低检测浓度为0．0015mg／m^3。结论该方法适用于工作场所空气中汞及其化合物的测定。     

线性扫描阴极溶出伏安法测定奶粉中硫氰化合物

本文报道了应用线性扫描阴极溶出伏安法测定奶粉中硫氰化合物的结果．在pH3．90的NaAc-HAc溶液和Hg^2 存在时，硫氰化合物在银基汞膜电极上有一良好的还原波，峰电位-0．324伏．本法线性范围0．2μg／15ml-lOOμg／15m1．相关系数Y=0．999，结果满意。     

某金矿冶炼厂汞污染对人体健康效应的调查

为探讨环境汞污染对人体健康效应,调查某金矿冶炼厂内外空气、土壤和野生植物汞污染情况及测定该厂区车间内外职业人群和非职业人群发汞、尿汞含量。结果表明,环境汞含量明显超标,职业人群尿汞平均含量０．０８８±０．０７８ｍｇ／Ｌ,发汞平均含量４．８８±３．８５μｇ／ｇ,二者差异有显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示：金冶炼厂环境污染对人体健康产生一定影响     

使用化妆品孕产妇及其新生儿发汞含量的相关性探讨

化妆品是为了达到美容护肤修饰等目的的日用化学工业品,可因原料选择不当或生产环境不良使化妆品受到化学或微生物污染.我国已制订了化妆品中有害有毒物质卫生标准,国家规定化妆品中有中毒物质汞限量为1.0mg/kg.金属汞是化妆品中极易被污染的一种有毒重金属.金属汞在常温下以汞蒸汽形式经呼吸道吸入人体,它也可经皮肤吸收在人体内蓄积,蓄积量可随着化妆品使用时间延长而增加.董胜璋在<环境卫生学>中提到,使用祛斑霜1年者发汞为7.48μg/g,2年者为15.77μg/g[1].     

微波消解-原子吸收分光光度法测定茶叶中的微量元素

目的：建立微波消解-原子吸收分光光度法测定茶叶中4种微量元素的分析方法。方法：样品经微波消解，用原子吸收分光光度法测量微量元素。结果：方法检出限分别为Cu：0．022μg／ml、Fe：0．15μg／ml、Mn：0．021μg／ml、Zn：0．060μg/ml；线性范围分别为Cu：0．2—3．0μg／ml、Fe：0．3—5．0μg／ml、Mn：0．2—4．0μg／ml、Zn：0．1～0．6μg／ml，相关系数r≥0．999；相对标准偏差（RSD）分别为Cu：2．18％、Fe：8．02％、Mn：3．12％、Zn：7．15％；回收率分别为Cu：99．4％-102．8％、Fe：94．7％～104．7％、Mn：98．9％～101．1％、Zn：87．5％-108．1％。结论：该法消解效果理想，检出限低，线性范围较宽，精密度好，准确度较高。     

共振光散射光谱法测定水产品中的汞

目的：探讨微乳液的增稳作用及对汞-四硫氰基二氨络铬酸钱乳浊体系的共振光散射（RLS）光谱。方法：采用共振光散射光谱法。结果：实验证明，体系的RLS光谱强度与浓度成正比。在最佳的测定条件下，线性范围为0—20．5μg／ml，相关系数r=0．9996，检出限为0．028μg／ml。用此法测定了水产品中的汞，标准加入的回收率为96．6％-103．3％。结论：本法具有操作简便、快速、干扰少、准确的优点。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.