负载万古霉素硫酸钙颗粒填塞治疗慢性骨髓炎

正2016年7月～2017年5月,我们应用负载万古霉素硫酸钙颗粒(部分患者混合髂骨)填塞治疗67例多部位慢性骨髓炎患者,短期效果良好,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组67例,男39例,女28例,年龄16～72岁。胫骨骨髓炎34例(1例合并膝关节感染),股骨骨髓炎14例(1例合并膝关节感染),髌骨骨髓炎2例(均合并膝关节腔感染),跟骨骨髓炎13例,肱骨骨髓炎3例,胸骨骨髓炎1例。患者均伴有窦道或未完全愈     

带蒂组织瓣转移术7例报告

我院自1986年7月～11月应用带蒂肌瓣、肌皮瓣、岛状皮瓣转移治疗软组织缺损、骨外露7例,其中,男4例,女3例;慢性骨髓炎伴窦道2例,慢性溃疡伴软组织缺损3例,创伤后软组织缺损骨外露2例。7例均为陈旧性创面。髂部1例、大腿近端1     

慢性化脓性骨髓炎癌变1例报告

我院收治的慢性化脓性骨髓炎病例中 ,1例胫骨下段慢性化脓性骨髓炎 ,病程长达 37年 ,反复多次行病灶清除手术未愈。最终因小腿下段窦道恶臭 ,难以忍受时 ,来院要求截除肢体。术后病理报告 :窦道口鳞状上皮癌变。在截肢术后 7月因肺部转移癌而死亡。患者肖蜀荣 ,男 ,6 5岁 ,未婚 ,成都市水巷子街住。门诊号4891,住院号 2 2 90 6。病检号 2 2 0 - 97。因右小腿下段及踝关节周围反复红肿痛、流脓 37年伴窦道口恶臭半年于 1997年3月 31日入院。院外先后进行 7次手术治疗未愈 ,但患者不愿行截肢手术。近 10年右膝关节屈曲挛缩 ,右足不能着地行走 …     

病灶清除及闭合冲洗引流治疗慢性骨髓炎

目的探讨病灶清除及闭合冲洗引流法治疗慢性骨髓炎的临床效果。方法回顾性分析病灶清除及闭合冲洗引流方法治疗慢性骨髓炎7例,其中髌骨1例,股骨3例,股骨截肢术后2例,腰椎椎弓根内固定术后1例。结果7例患者均获Ⅰ期愈合,随访10个月～5年无复发性肢体肿痛、窦道流液。结论病灶清除及闭合冲洗引流法是治疗慢性骨髓炎的一种有效方法。     

腓肠神经营养血管远端蒂肌皮瓣治疗慢性跟骨骨髓炎

目的探讨应用腓肠神经营养血管远端蒂肌皮瓣治疗慢性跟骨骨髓炎的方法。方法2002年1月-2005年10月治疗7例跟骨骨折所致慢性跟骨骨髓炎,其中男4例,女3例;年龄15-68岁。均为跟骨开放性骨折或跟骨闭合性骨折切开复位内固定或植骨致切口感染、跟骨外露,骨髓炎发生,病程3-12个月。手术彻底清创后采用腓肠神经营养血管远端蒂肌皮瓣移位治疗,肌皮瓣范围为8cm×4cm-12cm×7cm,其中肌瓣范围为4cm×3cm-6cm×5cm。供区直接缝合5例,植皮覆盖2例。结果术后移位肌皮瓣完全成活,切口期愈合。7例均获2-6个月随访,皮瓣质地,外形良好。骨髓炎未见复发,无并发症发生,所有患者均恢复正常行走。结论腓肠神经营养血管远端蒂肌皮瓣治疗慢性跟骨骨髓炎是完全可行的,给跟骨骨髓炎的治疗带来了一种新方法。     

慢性骨髓炎的分期治疗策略

背景：慢性骨髓炎是骨科临床的疑难杂症之一,本文旨在探讨一种目前比较合理的治疗方式。目的：探讨运用灌洗负压引流和可吸收人工骨或者骨水泥混合抗生素分期治疗慢性骨髓炎的临床效果。方法：2008年3月至2012年3月采用一期清创灌洗负压引流,二期可吸收人工骨或者骨水泥混合抗生素植入治疗27例慢性骨髓炎患者,男21例,女6例;年龄20~77岁,平均38岁;骨髓炎发生部位：胫腓骨17例,股骨7例,跟骨3例。结果：27例患者均得到随访,随访时间6~51个月（平均27个月）,25例痊愈,2例复发。结论：一期清创、灌洗负压引流,二期可吸收人工骨或者骨水泥混合抗生素治疗慢性骨髓炎可以取得良好的临床疗效。     

股四头肌成形术治疗膝关节僵直

我院从1982年至1987年共收治膝关节僵直病人11例.经股四头肌成形术和早期正确的功能练习,收到较好效果.11例中股骨髁上骨折后7例,股骨下端慢性骨髓炎治愈后3例,胫腓骨上端骨折后骨不连1例.僵直时间;最短1年,最长16年,平均5年半.术前膝关节伸屈活动范围最大30°,最小 5°.病人年龄13～39岁,平均20岁.男性9例,女性2例.术后随访最长时间6年,最短时间1年,平均4年半.结果平均膝关节活动范围88°,屈膝115°～60°,屈膝大于100°者5例,100°～80°者3例,小于80°者3例.木后股四头肌肌力平均     

关节松解肌腱延长配合中药熏洗治疗膝关节完全强直

膝关节僵硬和强直是骨科临床的并发症,多由膝关节创伤、手术、感染等所致。大多数关节僵硬患者经过主、被动锻炼或手术松解等治疗后均能得到满意的恢复。但一些由于关节创伤严重、病程长、治疗不及时而致关节完全强直的患者,治疗非常困难。我院2000-2004年,共收治此类患者18例,采用手术松解粘连,股直肌肌腱延长,人造髌上囊,术后早期主、被动锻炼,中药熏洗等中西医综合治疗,取得满意疗效,现报告如下。1临床资料本组18例,男11例,女7例;年龄17⁵2岁。病程1·5¹2年。膝关节活动范围均在15°以下,基本为完全强直。股骨干慢性骨髓炎5例,膝关节外伤性感染2例,膝关节滑膜结核1例,髌骨骨折6例,股骨髁间     

先锋霉素珠链在手部慢性骨髓炎中的应用

目的:探讨先锋霉素珠链在手部慢性骨髓炎治疗中的可行性与效果.方法 :对29例手掌骨、指骨慢性骨髓炎在彻底清除病灶的基础上,应用自制的先锋霉素珠链置入病变骨髓腔控制感染.结果 29例手掌骨、指骨慢性骨髓炎全部治愈.随访1-5年,平均2.5年.疗效:优22例,良7例.结论 :先锋霉素珠链可在病变骨髓腔持续释放较高浓度抗生素...     

中西医结合治疗骨髓炎764例疗效分析

从1972～1987年,15年间治疗急、慢性骨髓炎764例,经长期观察138,依临床资料分析总结如下：临床资料 1.依临床用药分期,分组统计。1972～1980年1月为第1组,1980年2月～1985年6月为第2组,1985年7月～～1987年6月为第3组。血源性571例,外伤性193例,比例为3：1。男性612例,女性152例,比例为4：1。急性132例,慢性急发149例,慢性骨髓炎483例,急与慢性比为1：1.72。     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy After Shoulder Arthroscopy Treated With Surgical Decompression: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsy is a very uncommon cause of upper extremity pain and weakness that comprises less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies. Rarely reported but also mentioned in the literature is AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to date using PubMed was conducted to identify patients who suffered AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy procedures. Articles included met the following criteria: (1) published in English; (2) primary presentation of the data; (3) patients had undergone shoulder arthroscopy before developing symptoms of AIN palsy; and (4) diagnosis was confirmed with clinical symptoms of AIN palsy. Measured outcomes included patient demographics, specific shoulder procedure, anesthesia procedure, intra-operative patient positioning, intra-operative compressive dressing, intra-operative traction, surgical versus conservative treatment, abnormal findings during decompression procedure, proposed mechanism of injury, and follow-up. Results: The search yielded 6 articles, of which 4 (13 cases) met inclusion criteria. An additional 2 cases were included in this report totaling 15 cases. The average patient age was 49 years (range: 31-64) with 73% males. At average follow-up of 24 months, 67% of patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms—more than half of which underwent surgical decompression. Patients who failed to progress experienced weakness of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles. Conclusions: Proposed injury mechanisms for AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy range from mechanical trauma, compressive hematoma, and direct anesthetic neurotoxicity. Management should be directed by clinical symptoms, imaging, and patient factors with majority of patients expected to have excellent clinical outcomes.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

血浆凝血因子VIII水平与IgA肾病患者临床病理改变及预后的关系

目的探讨血浆凝血因子VIII(factor VIII,FVIII)水平与IgA肾病(IgAN)患者临床参数及预后的关系。方法收集2016年1月至2016年12月中南大学湘雅二医院确诊的IgAN患者的临床资料。按照时间依赖的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)得出的血浆FVIII预测IgAN预后的临界值,将患者分为高FVIII组(FVIII>140.50%)和低FVIII组(FVIII≤140.50%),比较两组患者肾活检时基线临床参数的差异。以估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)下降≥30%或进入终末期肾脏病(ESRD)为终点事件,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线及Cox回归方程法分析血浆FVIII水平对IgAN患者预后的影响。结果共93例IgAN患者纳入本研究,中位随访时间为35.15(33.77,36.76)个月,12例(12.90%)患者发生终点事件。高FVIII组患者年龄、血肌酐、尿素氮、血三酰甘油、血总胆固醇、血浆纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、24 h尿蛋白量、蛋白C、蛋白S和eGFR下降速率高于低FVIII组(均P<0.05);eGFR、血白蛋白、中位随访时间低于低FVIII组(均P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,与低FVIII组比较,高FVIII组患者肾脏累积生存率降低(χ2=5.635,P=0.018)。在校正收缩压、eGFR、尿蛋白、肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化程度等因素后,多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素(HR=4.147,95%CI 1.055~16.308,P=0.042)。结论血浆FVIII水平与IgAN患者临床指标及预后相关,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素。     

Factors Associated With Reoperation After Silicone Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty

Background: Silicone proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty has a high revision rate. It has been suggested that persistent ulnar deviation and joint instability influence the durability of PIP silicone arthroplasties. The goal of this study was to evaluate what factors are associated with reoperation after silicone PIP arthroplasty. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all adult patients who underwent PIP silicone arthroplasty between 2002 and 2016 at one institutional system for inflammatory-, posttraumatic-, and primary degenerative arthritis. After manual chart review, we included 91 patients who underwent 114 arthroplasties. Fingers operated included 14 index, 41 middle, 38 ring, and 21 small fingers. Results: The overall reoperation rate was 14% (n = 16). Non-Caucasian race (P = .040), smoking (P = .022) and PIP silicone arthroplasty for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (P = .021) were associated with reoperation. The 1-, 5- and 10-year implant survival rates were 87%, 85%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: Caution should be exercised when considering PIP silicone arthroplasty of the index finger or in patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis. It may be worthwhile addressing smoking behavior before pursuing silicone PIP arthroplasty.     

Effect of the implementation of NICE guidelines for ultrasound guidance on the complication rates associated with central venous catheter placement in patients presenting for routine surgery in a tertiary referral centre

BACKGROUND: The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines of 2002 recommended the use of ultrasound (US) for central venous catheterization in order to minimize complications associated with central line placement. An ongoing audit of line placement by anaesthetists in the theatre complex of a tertiary referral centre looked at the associated complication rates. The objective of the study was to compare complication rates pre- and post-implementation of NICE guidelines. METHODS: This prospective, single centre audit looked at all patients in whom a central venous catheter was placed for surgery. Complication rates were assessed for procedures that were performed pre- and post-implementation of NICE guidelines. In total, 438 patients were identified for the study, and the procedures were performed either by trainee or by consultant anaesthetists. RESULTS: The pre- and post-implementation complication rates were 10.5% (16/152) and 4.6% (13/284), respectively, representing an absolute risk reduction of 5.9% (95% CI 0.5-11.3%). Comparison of those procedures in which US was used when compared with the landmark technique after implementation found a reduction of 6.9% in complications (95% CI 1.4-12.4%). The reduction in complication rates was larger for specialist registrars than for consultants (11.2% vs 1.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of NICE guidelines has been associated with a significant reduction in complication rates in our tertiary referral centre. In the light of the cross-speciality evidence of US superiority and our results, it is imperative that routine use of US guidance becomes more widespread.