Effects of the ephedra alkaloid methylephedrine on the basal evoked potential transportation and the long-term potentiation (LTP) in the rat hippocampal dentate granule cells in vivo

Objective The effect of the ephedra/ephedrine alkaloid methylephedrine(dl-methylephedrine hydrochloride for testing in this paper)on cognitive related synaptic plasticity was investigated by recording extracellular field evoked potentials and its LTP in hippocampal dentate granule cells in urethane-anaesthetized rats in vivo.Methods Single pathway recording of evoked field potentials was made from the dentate granule cells of hippocampal hemisphere in response to stimulation of the ipsilateral medial perforant path(MPP).Two parameters,the amplitude of population spike(PS amplitude)and the latency of the PS,were employed to evaluate the effects of drug on the overall changes in cellular responses.Results The present study show that methylephedrine 90 mg·kg-1 intraperitoneally,about 1/3 LD50,could increase the latency of the PS in hippocampal dentate granule cells by constant single stimulation of the MPP as the basal ransportation.However,the 30 mg·kg-1 and 10 mg·kg-1 dosage had no effect on the latency,and there are no influences of PS amplitude for all examinational groups.The methylephedrine 90 mg·kg-1 group significant enhanced the development of amplitude LTP in hippocampal dentate granule cells that induced by 60 Hz,60 pulses conditional tetanus in medial perforant path area.Also,the 30 mg·kg-1 group can promoted the maintenance of LTP induced by this tetanus,but no promotion on PS amplitude LTP appeared in this dosage and no any changes been found in 10 mg·kg-1 dosage group.Conclusions The ephedra/ephedrine alkaloid methylephedrine can modulate the synaptic plasticity in the lateral perforant path.A possible mechanism of methylephedrine on hippocampal LTP is been discussed.     

射干麻黄汤对慢性支气管炎急性发作老年患者血清IL-6、PCT、hs-CRP的影响

目的:观察射干麻黄汤对慢性支气管炎急性发作老年患者的疗效及血清IL-6(白细胞介素6,interleukin 6,IL-6)、PCT(降钙素原,procalcitonin)、hs-CRP(超敏C反应蛋白,hypersensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)的影响。方法:70例老年慢性支气管炎急性发作患者,随机分为2组,各35例。对照组采用常规西药治疗,研究组在对照组治疗的基础上给予射干麻黄汤进行治疗。治疗10d后,对两组患者的治疗效果以及血清IL-6、hs-CRP、PCT水平进行分析比较。结果:治疗后,研究组治疗总有效率(97.14%)明显高于对照组(77.14%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组血清IL-6、hs-CRP、PCT水平明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组治疗后的不良反应发生率(5.71%)高于对照组(8.56%),两组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:射干麻黄汤治疗慢性支气管炎急性发作患者,能够有效提高疗效,降低血清IL-6、hs-CRP、PCT水平。     

5种植物多糖的部分酸水解特征

目的 对5种植物多糖的部分酸水解特征及其水解产物的组成进行研究.方法 分别采用0.05、0.2和0.5 mol/L三氟乙酸(TFA)对5种植物多糖进行部分酸水解,并研究其水解特征;结合超高效液相色谱及多元统计的方法对其水解产物的组成进行分析.结果 0.05 mol/L TFA水解后截留液中葡萄糖醛酸(X1GlcUA)量、0.05 mol/L TFA水解后透过液中阿拉伯糖(X2Ara)量、0.2 mol/L和0.5 mol/L TFA水解后截留液中阿拉伯糖(Y1Ara、Z1Ara)量、0.2 mol/LTFA水解后透过液中半乳糖醛酸(Y2GalUA)量为麻黄多糖区别其他植物多糖的特征水解片段.结论 部分酸水解反应结合色谱分析,超高效液相色谱联合多元统计的方法,分析单糖组成及其量的变化,可以进一步为多糖的质量控制提供有力的依据.     

"轻可去实"学说理论探讨

通过文献回顾及结合临床经验,对轻可去实学说作一理论层面上的全面了解,并在对此学说有了较为全面认识的基础上,创新了新的治疗理念.     

麻黄属植物化学成分及临床应用的研究进展

目的：阐述麻黄属植物化学成分及临床应用的研究现状,为麻黄的临床应用提供新的思路。方法：查阅麻黄属植物相关研究文献,总结其化学成分及临床应用概况。结果：麻黄中主要的化合物有麻黄碱类、挥发油类、黄酮类、多糖类和少量的有机酸。目前在麻黄属植物麻黄中麻黄碱的应用十分广泛,除以中药配方应用于临床,已有60余种化学药品以盐酸麻黄碱和盐酸伪麻黄碱作为有效成分,主治咳嗽。对其挥发油类、黄酮类的临床应用研究不多。麻黄联合化学药品共同使用,弥补了传统中药配方煎熬过程中有效成分的丢失,可以使治疗效果更明显。麻黄多糖抗炎、镇痛、对免疫的影响作用机制尚不确定,有待进一步研究。结论：麻黄作为传统中药,具有较大的药用价值,将为其临床应用提供新的思路。     

5种植物多糖的部分酸水解特征

目的 对5种植物多糖的部分酸水解特征及其水解产物的组成进行研究。方法 分别采用0.05、0.2和0.5 mol/L三氟乙酸（TFA）对5种植物多糖进行部分酸水解,并研究其水解特征;结合超高效液相色谱及多元统计的方法对其水解产物的组成进行分析。结果 0.05 mol/L TFA水解后截留液中葡萄糖醛酸（X1GlcUA）量、0.05 mol/L TFA水解后透过液中阿拉伯糖（X2Ara）量、0.2 mol/L和0.5 mol/L TFA水解后截留液中阿拉伯糖（Y1Ara、Z1Ara）量、0.2 mol/L TFA水解后透过液中半乳糖醛酸（Y2GalUA）量为麻黄多糖区别其他植物多糖的特征水解片段。结论 部分酸水解反应结合色谱分析,超高效液相色谱联合多元统计的方法,分析单糖组成及其量的变化,可以进一步为多糖的质量控制提供有力的依据。     

麻黄定喘汤对咳嗽变异性哮喘模型小鼠Th1/Th2类细胞因子水平的影响

[目的]探讨麻黄定喘汤对咳嗽变异性哮喘小鼠气道炎症和Th1/Th2类细胞因子水平的影响及其可能机制.[方法]取雄性BALB/c小鼠,以给予卵清蛋白溶液的方法建立咳嗽变异性哮喘模型,麻黄定喘汤小、大剂量组分别灌胃给予20,60mL/kg麻黄定喘汤.采用酶联免疫吸附法检测支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中白细胞介素4(IL-4),IL-5,IL-13及γ干扰素(IFN-γ)含量,并观察BALF中的炎性细胞计数变化和肺组织病理学改变.[结果]模型对照组小鼠BALF中炎性细胞计数及IL-4,IL-5,IL-13,IFN-γ水平均明显降低,与正常对照组比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05).麻黄定喘汤小、大剂量组小鼠BALF中炎性细胞计数及IL-4,IL-5,IL-13水平显著降低,IFN-γ水平明显上升,与模型对照组比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05).麻黄定喘汤明显减轻哮喘小鼠肺组织病理学改变,麻黄定喘汤小、大剂量组之间相比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).[结论]麻黄定喘汤对咳嗽变异性哮喘小鼠具有治疗作用,其机制可能与调节IL-4/IFN-γ平衡失调、减轻炎性细胞浸润有关.     

Transient Cardiomyopathy and Quadriplegia Induced by Ephedrine Decongestant

Ephedrine decongestant products are widely used. Common side effects include palpitations, nervousness, and headache. More severe adverse reactions include cardiomyopathy and vasospasm. We report the case of an otherwise healthy 37-year-old woman who presented with acute-onset quadriplegia and heart failure. She had a normal chest radiograph on admission, but developed marked pulmonary edema and bilateral effusions the next day. Echocardiography revealed a left ventricular ejection fraction of 0.18 and no obvious intrinsic pathologic condition such as foramen narrowing on spinal imaging. Laboratory screening was positive for methamphetamines in the urine, and the patient admitted to having used, over the past several weeks, multiple ephedrine-containing products for allergy-symptom relief.She was ultimately diagnosed with an acute catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy and spinal artery vasospasm consequential to excessive use of decongestants. Her symptoms resolved completely with supportive care and appropriate heart-failure management. An echocardiogram 2 weeks after admission showed improvement of the left ventricular ejection fraction to 0.33. Ten months after the event, the patient was entirely asymptomatic and showed further improvement of her ejection fraction to 0.45. To our knowledge, ours is the first report of spinal artery vasospasm resulting in quadriplegia in a human being after ephedrine ingestion.     

麻黄细辛附子汤镇痛药理作用研究

目的:研究麻黄细辛附子汤对小白鼠的镇痛药理作用。方法:实验组分别用热板法和扭体法,观察小白鼠对疼痛的反应。结果:麻黄细辛附子汤能明显降低小白鼠对热疼痛及化学刺激引起的疼痛反应,与颅通定镇痛效果比较均无显著差异(P>0.05),且小白鼠的活动度明显降低。结论:麻黄细辛附子汤有明显的镇痛的作用,且持续时间长,兼有一定的镇静作用。