响应面法优选苦豆子多糖活性炭脱色工艺

目的:优选苦豆子多糖活性炭脱色工艺。方法:以活性炭添加量(W/V)、脱色时间、脱色温度为考察因素,通过单因素试验(以脱色率、多糖损失率为指标)和响应面法(以脱色率为指标)优化苦豆子多糖活性炭脱色工艺。结果:最佳脱色工艺为活性炭添加量(W/V)占0.99%,时间59.6min,温度40.3℃,其脱色率可达到66.4%。结论:该脱色工艺适合工业化生产。     

正交试验优选铁皮石斛类原球茎多糖的提取纯化工艺

目的:优选铁皮石斛类原球茎多糖提取纯化工艺。方法:采用正交试验,以多糖含量为评价指标,以液固比、浸提时间、提取次数为考察因素优选提取工艺;以样品溶液与Sevage试剂体积比、氯仿与正丁醇的体积比、反应时间为考察因素优选纯化工艺。结果:多糖最佳提取纯化工艺为80℃热水浸提多糖,液固比为20倍,提取时间2h,提取次数3次,80%乙醇沉淀,样品溶液与Sevage试剂体积比为4∶1,氯仿与正丁醇的体积比为5∶2,反应时间为5min。结论:所建方法简便、可靠、重现性好,可供本品质量控制。     

红景天中红景天苷和多糖制备工艺研究

目的:优选红景天中红景天苷和多糖的制备工艺。方法:通过水提醇沉法,采用L9(34)正交试验法,以浸膏得率、红景天苷含量、多糖含量为评价指标,考察加水量、煎煮时间、煎煮次数对水提取工艺的影响;以红景天苷含量、多糖含量为评价指标,考察药液浓度、药液含醇量对醇沉工艺的影响。结果:以煎煮3次,每次加8倍量水,煎煮2 h为最佳提取工艺,以药液浓缩至每1 mL相当于原生药0.4 g,加95%乙醇醇沉,使药液含醇量70%为最佳醇沉工艺。结论:优选工艺可为新药研究和综合利用红景天资源提供参考。     

盐附子去盐方法及其工艺研究

目的:研究盐附子去盐方法和工艺。方法:以附子总生物碱、多糖及析盐量为指标,并与原去盐工艺相比较,优化盐附子去盐工艺。结果:新方法去盐后附片总生物碱、多糖的含量与原工艺无明显差异,且去盐时间由原来的7天(168 h)缩短至1.5 h。结论:新的去盐方法显著缩短去盐时间,节省用水量,并保证去盐产品的质量;本实验研究对盐附子去盐方法及其工艺进行了填补,另外,本实验采用总生物碱含量、多糖含量及析盐量多指标优选附子去盐方法,为附子其他炮制研究提供思路和方法,为附子炮制品质量评价提供依据。     

Hybrid of 1-deoxynojirimycin and polysaccharide from mulberry leaves treat diabetes mellitus by activating PDX-1/insulin-1 signaling pathway and regulating the expression of glucokinase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase in alloxan-induced diabetic mice

Ethnopharmacological relevance

1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) discovered from mulberry trees has been reported to be a potent inhibitor of intestinal α-glycosidases (sucrase, maltase, glucoamylase), and many polysaccharides were useful in protecting against alloxan-induced pancreatic islets damage through their scavenging ability. This study was aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect and potential mechanism(s) of the hybrid of DNJ and polysaccharide (HDP) from mulberry leaves on alloxan-induced diabetic mice.

Materials and methods

Daily oral treatment with HDP (150 mg/kg body weight) to diabetic mice for 12 weeks, body weight and blood glucose were determined every week, oral glucose tolerance test was performed after 4 and 8 weeks, biochemical values were measured using assay kits and gene expressions were investigated by RT-PCR.

Results

A significant decline in blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, triglyceride, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase levels and an evident increase in body weight, plasma insulin level and high density lipoprotein were observed in HDP treated diabetic mice. The polysaccharide (P1) showed a significant scavenging hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anion radical effects in vitro, which indicated that P1 could protect alloxan-induced pancreatic islets from damage by scavenging the free radicals and repaired the destroyed pancreatic β-cells. Pharmacokinetics assay showed that DNJ could be absorbed from the gastrointestinal mucosa and diffused rapidly into the liver, resulted in postprandial blood glucose decrease and alleviated the toxicity caused by sustained supra-physiological glucose to pancreatic β-cells. RT-PCR results indicated that HDP could modulate the hepatic glucose metabolism and gluconeogenesis by up/down-regulating the expression of rate-limiting enzymes (glucokinase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase) in liver and up-regulating the pancreatic and duodenal homeobox factor-1 (PDX-1), insulin-1 and insulin-2 expressions in pancreas.

Conclusion

These findings suggested that HDP has complimentary potency to develop an antihyperglycemic agent for treatment of diabetes mellitus.     

苯酚-硫酸法测定麻黄多糖含量研究

目的：建立麻黄总多糖中多糖的含量测定方法。方法：采用苯酚-硫酸比色法。6％苯酚试剂1．0mL摇匀,迅速滴加浓硫酸5．0mL,即刻摇匀,放置5min后,置沸水浴加热15rain,取出冷却至室温（25℃）,在490nrn波长处测定吸收度。结果：麻黄总多糖中多糖含量为66．43％,精密度及重复性良好,回收率为100．99％,RSD为1．91％。结论：此方法操作简便,准确性好,为麻黄总多糖中多糖含量测定提供了一个定量方法的同时为麻黄药材的质量控制提供了参考依据。     

麻黄多糖中糖醛酸含量的测定

目的：建立麻黄多糖中糖醛酸的含量测定方法。方法：采用咔唑-硫酸比色法,具体为硫酸-硼砂溶液6mL,振摇混合,在沸水浴中煮沸5m in,以冰水浴冷却至室温,分别加入0.1g.mL-1咔唑无水乙醇溶液0.2mL,摇匀后,在沸水与中煮沸10m in,冷却后,以同样处理的重蒸馏水为空白,进行比色,于分光光度计所测得的最大吸收波长530nm处测定吸光度值（OD）。结果：麻黄多糖中糖醛酸含量为45.89%,精密度及重复性良好,回收率为101.10%,RSD为1.42%。结论：此方法操作简便,准确性好,为麻黄的质量控制提供了一个定量方法和参考依据。     

黄芪多糖的胰岛素增敏作用及其对蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酯酶1B的影响

目的:探讨黄芪多糖(APS)对遗传性胰岛素抵抗小鼠的胰岛素增敏作用及其机制。方法:8周龄C57BL/6J小鼠分别饲以高脂饮食或正常饮食4周,高脂饮食小鼠以胰岛素耐量实验(ITT)证实成功复制胰岛素抵抗模型后,将动物随机分为2组:胰岛素抵抗+APS组[APS 700 mg/(kg.d),灌胃],胰岛素抵抗组(等体积生理盐水灌胃)继续饲以高脂饮食;正常饮食小鼠随机分为对照组和APS组,APS剂量和方法同前。每组动物8只,继续喂养8周后取血检测血糖及胰岛素耐量,免疫印迹法检测骨骼肌胰岛素受体β亚单位(IR-β)和胰岛素受体底物1(IRS-1)的表达,以及蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酯酶1B(PTP1B)的活性。结果:胰岛素抵抗组小鼠体重增加,血糖、血胰岛素水平显著高于对照组,胰岛素敏感性明显低于对照组。经APS治疗8周后,胰岛素抵抗小鼠的体重、餐后血糖和血胰岛素水平显著降低;骨骼肌IR-β和IRS-1酪氨酸磷酸化水平显著增强,PTP1B活性显著降低。APS治疗对对照组小鼠无明显影响。结论:APS对胰岛素抵抗小鼠具有胰岛素增敏作用;其机制与增加骨骼肌IR-β和IRS-1酪氨酸磷酸化水平,抑制PTP1B活性,增强胰岛素信号转导有关。     

仙人掌多糖对胃癌SCG-7901和大肠癌Lovo细胞生长抑制作用的研究

目的观察仙人掌多糖对人胃腺癌SGC-7901细胞、大肠癌Lovo细胞生长的抑制作用。方法20μg/ml浓度的仙人掌多糖处理体外培养的胃腺癌SGC-7901细胞、大肠癌Lovo细胞48h后,采用MTT法检测仙人掌多糖对胃腺癌SGC-7901细胞、大肠癌Lovo细胞生长的影响,计算细胞生长抑制率。结果仙人掌多糖对胃腺癌SGC-7901细胞、大肠癌Lovo细胞的生长抑制率分别为75%及68%。结论仙人掌多糖在体外可有效抑制胃腺癌SGC-7901细胞、肠癌Lovo细胞的生长。     

唐古特大黄多糖组分1对电离辐射损伤小鼠造血系统的影响

目的:探讨唐古特大黄多糖组分1(RTP1)对电离辐射损伤小鼠造血功能的影响。方法:采用雄性6周龄昆明种小鼠,随机分为5组:正常对照组(Normal Control,NC)、辐射对照组(Irradia-tion Control,IC)以及RTP1低剂量组(200mg/kg)、中剂量组(400mg/kg)和高剂量组(800mg/kg),采用灌胃给药方式,连续14d,NC组和IC组则给予等量的生理盐水,第14d除NC组外,各组小鼠均接受6.5Gy/只60Coγ射线照射1次,照射后继续灌胃给药,观察照射后30d小鼠生存情况,并对小鼠骨髓有核细胞数(bonemarrow cell,BMC)、骨髓DNA含量、内源性脾集落形成单位(spleen colony forming unit,CFU-S)及外周血中白细胞(white blood cell,WBC)计数进行检测。结果:与IC组比较,RTP1可提高小鼠30d存活率,并剂量依赖性地升高外周血中WBC计数、骨髓有核细胞数、DNA含量以及脾结节数。结论:RTP1对辐射小鼠的造血系统起到一定保护作用。