保肛手术治疗低位直肠癌的护理配合

为探讨低位直肠癌保肛手术治疗中的护理配合,对96例低位直肠癌患者采用双吻合器技术行直肠癌保肛手术的术中配合与护理资料进行整理与分析。结果显示,所有手术配合默契,手术顺利,护理到位,术后恢复良好。结果表明,充分准备手术器械和物品,保证设备性能的良好,熟悉手术步骤和规范的操作流程是手术顺利的前提;术前加强患者心理护理,术中严格无菌技术操作,熟练默契地配合手术,是手术护理配合成功的关键。     

Aicardi syndrome: epilepsy surgery as a palliative treatment option for selected patients and pathological findings

The optimal treatment for medically refractory epilepsy in Aicardi syndrome (AS) is still unclear. Palliative surgical treatment, including vagus nerve stimulation and corpus callosotomy, has therefore been used. There is limited data on the role of resective epilepsy surgery as a treatment choice in patients with AS. Here, we describe the seizures, anatomo‐pathological findings, and neurodevelopmental outcome of palliative epilepsy surgery in two children with AS who had resective epilepsy surgery at the Cleveland Clinic. The related literature is also reviewed. Case 1 had a left functional hemispherectomy and was free of seizures and hypsarrhythmia for six months after surgery. Her gross motor skills improved after surgery. Outcome at 43 months was 1–3 isolated spasms per day. Case 2 had a right fronto‐parietal lobectomy. Her seizures improved in frequency and severity, but remained daily after epilepsy surgery. Neurodevelopment changes included improved alertness and recognition of caregivers. This patient died 21 months after epilepsy surgery of unclear causes. Surgical pathology in both cases showed focal cortical dysplasia associated with other findings, such as nodular heterotopia and polymicrogyria. Epilepsy surgery could be an alternative palliative treatment choice in selective cases of AS, but studies on a larger patient cohort are needed to identify the possible role of surgery in children with AS. The complexity of the pathological findings may offer an explanation for the severity of seizures in AS.     

颅内破裂动脉瘤合并脑内血肿的复合手术治疗

目的 探讨复合手术治疗颅内破裂动脉瘤合并脑内血肿的疗效。方法 回顾性分析簧圈栓塞术后行颅骨钻孔血肿腔引流术治疗的5例颅内破裂动脉瘤合并脑内血肿的临床资料。结果 5例头颅CT均表现为典型蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）合并脑内血肿;DSA发现动脉瘤位于大脑前动脉A2段分叉部1例、大脑前动脉A2段1例、前交通动脉1例、颈内动脉后交通动脉1例、大脑中动脉分叉部1例;术前Hunt-Hess分级Ⅱ级2例,Ⅲ级2例,Ⅳ级1例。引流术后3~4 d血肿大部分引流干净,无再出血、感染及脑梗死。术后6个月GOS评分3分1例,4分1例,5分3例。结论 对合并脑内血肿的自发性SAH,首先应考虑动脉瘤破裂出血可能,需尽早行DSA检查明确诊断;复合手术对于部分未发生脑疝又合并脑内血肿的破裂动脉瘤是可行的,能取得良好的疗效。     

Surgical outcomes in patients with mild symptoms,but severely compressed spinal cord from cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament

Surgical treatment is indicated in patients with moderate to severe myelopathy from cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligaments (OPLL), but undertaking prophylactic surgery for asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients with a severely compressed spinal cord is debatable.Patients with <8 mm space available in the spinal canal on CT scan, were divided into groups I (mild symptoms, Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score range 15–16) and II (moderate to severe symptoms, JOA score <14). Medical charts including operative records were reviewed to obtain preoperative, perioperative, and final postoperative follow-up data.Group I included 24 patients (20 men, mean age 52.42 years), and Group II included 46 patients (33 men, mean age 54.67 years). Compared to Group II, Group I had a shorter preoperative symptom duration (19.21 vs. 38.23 months, p = 0.046) and a more favorable JOA score at final follow-up (p = 0.007). The mean numbers of OPLL-involved segments were similar (Group I 2.96, Group II 3.09; p = 0.773) as were the mean numbers of operated segments (Group I 2.71, Group II 3.35; p = 0.076). Perioperative blood loss, operation duration, and hospital stay duration were significantly more favorable in Group I than in Group II. The numbers of surgery-related complications in the two groups were similar.Early surgical treatment for a favorable neurologic recovery with a low perioperative risk can be recommended in patients with severely compressed spinal cord from cervical OPLL who present with mild arm numbness. Surgery-related complications, however, should be carefully monitored regardless of symptom severity.     

Substance use after bariatric surgery: A review

BackgroundPrevalence of obesity has increased dramatically. Obese individuals may undergo bariatric surgery to lose excessive body fat and mitigate obesity-related comorbidities. However, bariatric patients are particularly vulnerable to substance use problems. We conducted a review to examine the prevalence change and factors associated with substance use and determine the association between substance use and health status after weight loss among bariatric patients.MethodsWe searched peer-reviewed articles published between January 1990 and January 2015 in several databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar) using different keywords combinations. Studies that focused on pre-surgery substance use only or without reported effect measurements were excluded.ResultsOverall, 40 studies were included in the review. Preoperative history of substance use was a reliable correlate of postoperative substance use. The prevalence of postoperative alcohol use was higher among patients with preoperative history of alcohol use than those without. Postoperative prevalence of alcohol use ranged from 7.6% to 11.8%. No significant prevalence change in cigarette smoking from pre-to postoperative period was observed. Time effect was not observed on smoking or drug use prevalence, while an increase in alcohol consumption was inconsistent across studies. The proportion of new-onset substance users among bariatric patients after surgery ranged from 34.3% to 89.5%.ConclusionSubstance use is associated with poor health among bariatric patients. Preoperative assessment and postoperative follow-up should include interventions to reduce relapse among users and prevent substance use initiation.     

IN.PACT AV Access Trial: Economic Evaluation of Drug-Coated Balloon Treatment for Dysfunctional Arteriovenous Fistulae Based on 12-Month Clinical Outcomes

PurposeTo study, from a U.S. payer’s perspective, the economic consequences of drug-coated balloon (DCB) versus standard percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) use for the treatment of stenotic lesions in dysfunctional hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulae.Materials and MethodsCost differences between DCBs and PTA at year 1 and beyond were calculated via 2 methods. The first approach used the mean absolute number of trial-observed access circuit reinterventions through 12 months (0.65 ± 1.05 vs 1.05 ± 1.18 events per patient for DCBs and PTA, respectively) and projected treatment outcomes to 3 years. The second approach was based on the trial-observed access circuit primary patency rates at 12 months (53.8% vs 32.4%) and calculated the cost difference on the basis of previously published Medicare cost for patients who maintained or did not maintain primary patency. Assumptions regarding DCB device prices were tested in sensitivity analyses, and the numbers needed to treat were calculated.ResultsUsing the absolute number of access circuit reinterventions approach, the DCB strategy resulted in an estimated per-patient savings of $1,632 at 1 year and $4,263 at 3 years before considering the DCB device cost. The access circuit primary patency approach was associated with a per-patient cost savings of $2,152 at 1 year and $3,894 at 2.5 years of follow-up. At the theoretical DCB device reimbursement of $1,800, savings were $1,680 and $2,049 at 2.5 and 3 years, respectively. The one-year NNT of DCB compared to PTA was 2.48.ConclusionsEndovascular therapy for arteriovenous access stenosis with the IN.PACT AV DCB can be expected to be cost-saving if longer follow-up data confirm its clinical effectiveness.     

SLIPA喉罩在不同年龄患者膀胱镜手术中的应用效果

 目的 探索免充气型喉上通气道(SLIPA)喉罩在不同年龄患者膀胱镜手术中应用的安全性及有效性。方法 选择2019-9至2019-11解放军总医院第一医学中心行膀胱镜手术患者100例,分为老年组(n=50)与非老年组(n=50)。比较两组患者不同时间点时平均血压(MBP)、心率(HR)以及喉罩漏气、更换喉罩、喉罩染血及术后咽痛、声嘶的发生情况。结果 老年组和非老年组患者使用SLIPA喉罩的即时MBP[ 插入时(87.8±11.7)mmHg vs.(87.2±13.6)mmHg;拔除后(94.0±10.8)mmHg vs.(89.2±14.9)mmHg ]和即时HR[插入时(65.0±9.88)次/min vs.(72.5±12.4)次/min;拔出时(76.4±10.0)次/min vs.(81.6±9.39)次/min] 差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者喉罩漏气情况、拔除喉罩后声嘶、染血、咽痛进行对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);老年组8例患者经3次及以上的尝试后才成功插入喉罩,3次及以上的尝试率较非老年组高(16% vs. 0%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 SLIPA喉罩适用于不同年龄患者膀胱镜手术全麻中的气道管理,可降低插管和拔管过程中强烈的应激反应。     

凶险性前置胎盘合并胎盘植入"一站式"杂交手术配合

目的探讨"一站式"杂交手术救治凶险性前置胎盘患者的应用价值及重要性。 方法对多学科合作行杂交手术救治凶险性前置胎盘合并胎盘植入患者的病例进行回顾性分析，总结"一站式"杂交手术多学科医护合作和护理配合要点。 结果经过多学科默契配合下的"一站式"杂交手术以及"L"型护理配合模式，手术顺利完成，术后无并发症发生，产妇于术后第4天出院。 结论凶险性前置胎盘患者病情危重、手术难度大，通过多学科讨论会、辐射防护、安全转运、医护默契配合以及根据潜在并发症采取预见性的护理措施是"一站式"杂交手术成功的要点。     

Utilization of and Outcomes Associated with Intravascular Ultrasound during Deep Venous Stent Placement among Medicare Beneficiaries

PurposeTo evaluate temporal trends, practice variation, and associated outcomes with the use of intravascular ultrasound (US) during deep venous stent placement among Medicare beneficiaries.Materials and MethodsAll lower extremity deep venous stent placement procedures performed between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2019 among Medicare beneficiaries were included. Temporal trends in intravascular US use were stratified by procedural setting and physician specialty. The primary outcome was a composite of 12-month all-cause mortality, all-cause hospitalization, or repeat target vessel intervention. The secondary outcome was a composite of 12-month stent thrombosis, embolization, or restenosis.ResultsAmong the 20,984 deep venous interventions performed during the study period, 15,184 (72.4%) utilized intravascular US. Moderate growth in intravascular US use was observed during the study period in all clinical settings. There was a variation in the use of intravascular US among all operators (median, 77.3% of cases; interquartile range, 20.0%–99.2%). In weighted analyses, intravascular US use during deep venous stent placement was associated with a lower risk of both the primary (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69–0.76; P < .001) and secondary (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.27–0.39; P < .001) composite end points.ConclusionsIntravascular US is frequently used during deep venous stent placement among Medicare beneficiaries, with further increase in use from 2017 to 2019. The utilization of intravascular US as part of a procedural strategy was associated with a lower cumulative incidence of adverse outcomes after the procedure, including venous stent thrombosis and embolization.     

卵巢癌初始治疗中手术相关若干问题及临床意义

卵巢癌的初始治疗是影响患者预后的最重要因素.早期卵巢癌要进行全面的开腹分期手术,如初次手术未做到全面分期,应在化疗开始前进行再分期手术.晚期卵巢癌要争取在高级别的妇科肿瘤中心进行初次的满意的肿瘤细胞减灭术,特别要重视上腹部手术,力争做到无肉眼残留病灶.新辅助化疗和间歇性肿瘤细胞减灭术可以选择性地应用于部分晚期不适合直接...