垂体柄在低场FLAIR像上的信号特征

目的研究在低场液体衰减反转恢复(FLAIR)像上垂体柄的信号特征。方法对临床证实垂体无器质性病变的30例成年人行轴位、正中矢状位和冠状位FLAIR扫描,并测量垂体柄的信号强度。结果在轴位、矢状位和冠状位FLAIR像上垂体柄的信号强度分别为(714.77±53.95)ms、(603.40±63.59)ms和(604.23±59.95)ms。所有测量结果按男女分组进行统计学分析没有显著性差异。垂体柄在轴位FLAIR像上的信号强度高于在正中矢状位和冠状位FLAIR像上的信号强度(P<0.01)。结论垂体柄在轴位FLAIR图像上常呈高信号强度,而在矢状位和冠状位FLAIR像上由于低信号脑脊液的部分容积效应使垂体柄的信号强度降低。     

妊娠期肝静脉多普勒血流频谱改变

本研究应用彩色多普勒血流显像对９０例正常孕妇不同妊娠期肝中静脉血流频谱进行检测及分析，根据不同形态将其分为三型，正常型，减幅型及平坦型。结果表明：正常妊娠期肝静脉频谱形态有明显的改变，妊娠早期以正常型多见，随着孕龄增加，正常型频谱逐渐减少，平坦型逐渐增多，后者改变在妊娠后期尤为明显。多见。     

网络直报模式下传染病发现相关环节探讨

目的 对目前网络直报模式下传染病发现的相关环节进行分析,探讨其中存在的问题,为实现传染病爆发的早期预警提供参考.方法 以2006年3月份全国报告麻疹病例为例,采用SPSS10.0统计分析软件,分析传染病病例从发病到诊断、诊断到填卡、填卡到报告、报告到审核几个环节的时间间隔及存在的问题.结果 2006年全国医疗机构、疾控机构在传染病报告质量方面虽有所提高,但在报告卡的填写、报告、审核环节仍存在不及时现象,与传染病早期预警工作的有效开展还有很长的距离.结论 全国各个医疗机构在对传染病病例的就诊到被发现报告的及时性环节相差很大,是疾病预防控制工作的隐患之一,应加强对医疗机构的检查指导,规范疫情报告程序等各项工作.     

内蒙古呼伦贝尔地区成人慢性肾脏病流行病学调查

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general adult population in the Hulunbeir Prefecture, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region where many minorities of north China live. Methods Sampling surveywas performed in the residents aged 20 years and older in the Hulunbeir Prefecture. All the investigated subjects were tested for urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR); hematuria by microscopy of urinary sediment; and GFR estimated by modified MDRD equation for Chinese adults (eGFR). The related risk factors of CKD were also investigated. Results A total of 4522 subjects were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of albuminuria was 7.11％, hematuria was 2.64％ and reduced eGFR [60 ml-min-1·(1.73 m2)-1] was 2.75％. The prevalence of hypertension was 38.90％; hyperglycemia 6.61％; hyperlipidemia 2.72％; increased waist 24.79％ and metabolic syndrome 15.02％. After the subjects with combined microalbuminuria, hematuria and reduced eGFR were excluded, the prevalence of CKD was 12.95％. Logistic regression analysis and stratified analysis showed increased age, increased waist, elevated systolic pressure, hyperglycemia,hypertriglyceridemia and metabolic syndrome were independently associated with albuminuria;increased age, elevated systolic pressure and hyperglycemia were independently associated with reduced eGFR; increased age was independently associated with hematuria. Conclusions The prevalence of adult CKD is 12.95％ in the Hulunbeir Prefecture, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Independent risk factors of CKD include increased age, increased waist, hypertension,abnormal blood glucose or lipid, and metabolic syndrome.     

内蒙古呼伦贝尔地区成人慢性肾脏病流行病学调查

目的 探讨我国内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔少数民族聚居区成年人群中慢性肾脏病（CKD）患病率及其危险因素。 方法 对该地区20岁以上常住居民进行CKD抽样调查,被调查者均检测了尿白蛋白/肌酐比率、血尿（离心后尿沉渣显微镜检查）及估计肾小球滤过率（eGFR,检验血清肌酐后用国人校正的简化MDRD公式计算）;并同时调查了CKD的相关危险因素。 结果 符合入选条件的被调查者共4522例,白蛋白尿阳性率为7.11%;血尿阳性率为2.64%;eGFR低于60 ml&#8226;min-1&#8226;(1.73 m2)-1者为2.75%;去除白蛋白尿、血尿及eGFR下降共同存在造成的重复,该地区CKD患病率为12.95%。高血压患病率38.90%,糖代谢异常6.61%,脂代谢异常34.60%,腰围增大24.79%,代谢综合征15.02%。多因素Logistic回归分析及分层分析显示,年龄增加、腰围增大、收缩压升高、空腹血糖升高、血清三酰甘油增高及患代谢综合征与白蛋白尿发生相关;年龄增加、收缩压升高及空腹血糖升高与肾功能下降相关;年龄增加与血尿发生相关。 结论 内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔地区CKD患病率为12.95%。相关危险因素包括年龄增加、腰围增大、高血压、血糖或血脂异常、及代谢综合征。     

住院患者对实习护生职业形象及人文素养满意度调查

目的了解患者对实习护生职业形象及人文素养满意度和期待,分析目前护理人文素质教育中的薄弱环节,提出教学医院对实习护生实施人文素质教育的建议。方法采用问卷调查法,对我院36个临床科室的295名住院患者进行调查并统计分析。结果住院患者对实习护生提供的护理服务及护生的职业形象满意度较高,而对护生的人文关怀能力评价偏低。结论现阶段实习护生的人文关怀能力整体欠缺,教学医院应侧重于对护生人文素质、职业道德的熏陶与培养,将人文理论知识与临床工作紧密结合,持续改良和整体优化医院人文环境,从而培养出具有人文关怀特质的护理人才。     

北京市某医学院校青年教师教学监控能力的现状研究

目的 了解医学院校青年教师的教学监控能力情况,为制定合理的医学院校青年教师教学能力的发展项目提供依据.方法 对北京市某医学院校教学督导专家和骨干教师进行访谈,并对从事教学工作的青年教师(45岁以下)进行自填式问卷调查.结果 医学院校青年教师教学监控总能力得分为(3.81±0.40)分,在教学监控能力的四个维度中,备课能力最好,得分为(4.03±0.57)分,其次是课堂组织能力和与学生沟通能力,得分分别为(3.74±0.46)分和(3.74±0.60)分,课后反思能力较差,得分为(3.61±0.59)分.年龄越大的教师,其教学监控能力呈上升趋势;教龄越长的教师,其教学监控能力呈上升趋势;职称越高的教师,其教学监控能力越高.结论 青年教师课后反思能力较差,教师之间的交流较少,教师让学生提问和讨论的时间较少,因此,要加强教师反思能力的培训,增加教师之间的交流讨论,增加教师与学生之间的互动,尤其是加强年龄小、教龄短的助教和讲师的培训.     

HPV DNA检测联合阴道镜检查在宫颈病变诊断中的应用

目的探讨人乳头瘤病毒(HPVDNA)与电子阴道镜联合检测在子宫颈病变筛查中的诊断价值。方法随机抽取1033例患者进行人乳头瘤病毒(HPVDNA)检测,与病理结果进行比较。结果 HPV检查阳性56例,占5.42%,其中33例低危型(3.19%)、23例高危型(2.22%)。对HPV呈阳性的56例进行阴道镜检查及镜下活组织病理检查,发现异常阴道镜图像44例。与病理组织学对照,低危型HPV(慢性宫颈炎18例、CINI8例、CINII5例、CINIII2例);高危型HPV(CINI10例、CINII7例、CINIII3例、SCC3例)。结论采用人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)检测技术辅助阴道镜检查,可以有效提高宫颈癌前病变和癌变的检出率,对于及时发现癌前病变,防治宫颈癌具有显著意义。     

内蒙古呼伦贝尔地区成人慢性肾脏病流行病学调查

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general adult population in the Hulunbeir Prefecture, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region where many minorities of north China live. Methods Sampling surveywas performed in the residents aged 20 years and older in the Hulunbeir Prefecture. All the investigated subjects were tested for urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR); hematuria by microscopy of urinary sediment; and GFR estimated by modified MDRD equation for Chinese adults (eGFR). The related risk factors of CKD were also investigated. Results A total of 4522 subjects were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of albuminuria was 7.11％, hematuria was 2.64％ and reduced eGFR [60 ml-min-1·(1.73 m2)-1] was 2.75％. The prevalence of hypertension was 38.90％; hyperglycemia 6.61％; hyperlipidemia 2.72％; increased waist 24.79％ and metabolic syndrome 15.02％. After the subjects with combined microalbuminuria, hematuria and reduced eGFR were excluded, the prevalence of CKD was 12.95％. Logistic regression analysis and stratified analysis showed increased age, increased waist, elevated systolic pressure, hyperglycemia,hypertriglyceridemia and metabolic syndrome were independently associated with albuminuria;increased age, elevated systolic pressure and hyperglycemia were independently associated with reduced eGFR; increased age was independently associated with hematuria. Conclusions The prevalence of adult CKD is 12.95％ in the Hulunbeir Prefecture, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Independent risk factors of CKD include increased age, increased waist, hypertension,abnormal blood glucose or lipid, and metabolic syndrome.